英语反义疑问句知识点解析.doc

反义疑问句解析它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。 反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，结构助动词加上人称代词主格。句子中的助动词有be, will, should，must, can等，没有助动词的要借助do, does, did等。两部分的人称时态应保持一致。1陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式 可记为 前肯后否 2陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式 可记为 前否后肯 They work hard, dont they? She was ill yesterday, wasnt she? You didnt go, did you?He cant ride a bike, can he? He is a student, isnt he? 特 殊 主 语(1)当陈述部分的主语是陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。 Everyone knows the answer, dont they? (doesnt he?) Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?) (2) everything,anything,nothing,something时，附加疑问句中主语一般用 it 不用 they （3）this,that,或those,these时，附加疑问句中主语用it和they. 否定意义的词 （1）当陈述部分有never，seldom, hardly，few，little，barely, scarcely, nothing 等否定意义的词时，后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式： There are few apples in the basket, are there? He can hardly swim, can he? They seldom come late, do they? （2）当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly，impossible等含有否定词缀的派生词，也就是有un-前缀、im-前缀、dis-前缀、-less后缀等含有词缀而意思否定的词，当做肯定句处理，疑问部分要用否定形式。如： He looks unhappy,doesnt he? The girl dislikes history, doesnt she? It is impossible, isnt it?表示主语主观意愿的词含有think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时，视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。 (1) 当主句的主语为第一人称时，其后的简短问句用肯定或否定看主句，人称取决于从句。I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, havent you? (2) 当主句的主语为第二、三人称时，其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致（此时，否定只看主句，与从句无关.）。例如： Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she? You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you? They dont believe shes an engineer, do they? She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she? had better陈述部分有had better时，疑问句应用hadnt等开头： Youd better get up early, hadnt you? 祈使句当陈述部分是祈使句时，疑问句要根据语气来表达 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you或wont you。 Dont do that again, will you? Turn on the radio, will you/wont you?当开头是Lets时，一定要用shall we。Let us/me开头，用will you或wont you。Let +代词或名词的，用 wont you。Lets go out for a walk, shall we? Let us go out for a walk, will you? Let them do it, wont you? There be句型There be 句型中，反义疑问部分必须为be 动词 + there There are some apples in the basket, arent there? There isnt any milk left, is there? must当陈述部分有情态动词must，问句有三种情况： （1）mustnt表示“禁止，不可，不必”时，附加问句通常要用must. You mustnt stop your car here, must you? 你不能把车停在这地方，知道吗？ （2）must表示“有必要”时，附加问句通常要用neednt. They must finish the work today, neednt they? 他们今天要完成这项工作，是吗？ （3）当must用来表示猜测时，应还原时态再选择助动词。He must be good at English, isnt he? She must have read the novel last week, didnt she? You must have told her about it, havent you? 1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 arent I. Im as tall as your sister，arent I?2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。 I wish to have a word with you, may I?3) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。 He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he?4) 陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。 Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?5) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。 What colours, arent they? What a smell, isnt it?6) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。 We need not do it again, need we ? He dare not say so, dare you? 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。 She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?反义疑问句回答与句子本身所包含的中文肯定与否的含义并无太大关联，只需注意事实，肯定即用yes，否定用no。如Its new, isnt it? Yes, it is. He wants to go, doesnt he? No, he doesnt.但要注意当陈述部分为否定式，反意疑问句为肯定式时，但翻译成汉语往往不一致： It isnt cheap, is it? Yes, it is. “它不便宜吧？”“不，很便宜。” He doesnt love her, does he? No, he doesnt. “他不爱她，是吗？”“是的，他不爱她。”此时，Yes即不，对前面It isnt cheap.的否定。 重点归纳快 速 记 忆 表陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分 I arent I Wish may +主语 no,nothing,nobody,never, few, seldom, hardly, 肯定含义 little等否定含义的词 have to+v.(had to+v.) dont +主语(didnt +主语) used to didnt +主语或 usednt +主语 had better + v. hadnt you youd like to + v. wouldnt +主语 must 根据实际情况而定 感叹句中 be +主语 指示代词或不定代词 everything,that, nothing,this 主语用it 并列复合句 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定 定语从句,宾语从句的 主从复合句 根据主句的谓语而定 think,believe,expect, suppose,imagine等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句everybody,anyone, somebody,nobody,no one 复数they, 单