英美文学专业必不可少的阅读.doc

英美文学复习汇总一、选择Chapter OneEnglish Literature and Overview1. In Anglo-Saxon period, Beowulf represented the_ poetry. A. pagan2. Prose literature did not show its appearance until the _ century. C. 8th 3. Beowulf describes the exploits of a_ hero, Beowulf, in fighting a-gainst the monster Grendel, his revengeful mother, and a fire-breath ing dragon. B. Scandinavian4. English literature began with the _ settlement in England. Of old English literature, Beowulf, the national epic of the English people, is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends. A. Anglo-Saxon 5. In 1066, _, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeating England. A. William the Conqueror 6. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is the_. C. romance 7. After the Norman Conquest, three languages existed in England at that time. The Normans spoke_. A. French 8. The most famous cycle of English ballads centers on the stories about a legendary outlaw called_. B. Robin Hood9. _, the father of English poetry and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London about 1340. A. Geoffrey Chaucer 10. Chaucer died on the 25th October 1400, and was buried in_. D. Westminster Abbey11. _was the first to be buried in the Poet s Corner of Westminster Abbey. A. Chaucer 12. _ was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature. B. Thomas Wyatt 13. The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama. It was _ who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama. A. Christopher Marlowe 14. Sir Philip Sidney is known both as a poet and as a _. C. a critic of poetry 15. Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of Queen _. B. Elizabeth16. English Renaissance Period was an age of_. B. poetry and drama17. Shall I compare thee to a summer s day? This is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare s_. D. sonnets18. Which is not one of the four great tragedies of Shakespeare? E. Henry VIII19. Who is not one of the “University Wits”? C. William shakespeare 20. “Liberty, Fraternity, and Equality” were first uttered in the book _ . B. UtopiaChapter 2 Exercises Neoclassicism1._ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century. B. The Enlightenment2.In the 18th century, satire was much used in writing. All of the following are considered great satirists except _. D. Daniel Defoe3.In the first half of the 18th century, the representative author of neo-classicism is _. Alexander Pope4.The 18th century witnessed the emergence of two political parties, _, which were satirized by Swift in his Gullivers Travels.The Whigs and the Tories5._, written in heroic couplet by Alexander Pope, was a manifesto of English neo-classicism as Pope put forward his aesthetic theories in it. B. An Essay on Criticism6.Which of the following is NOT Alexander Popes work? An Essay of Dramatic Poesy7.Which two periodicals were Steele and Addisons chief contribution to English literature? A. The Tatler and The Spectator8.In the middle decades of the 18th century, _ became the leader of the classical school in English poetry and prose. B. Samuel Johnson9._ compiled the Dictionary of the English Language, which became the foundation of all the subsequent English dictionaries.B. Samuel Johnson10.Who was the greatest dramatist in the 18th century? B. Richard SheridanChapter 3 Exercises Romanticism1. The Romantic Age began with the publication of The Lyrical Ballads which was written by_. D. Wordsworth and Coleridge2. The Romantic Age came to an end with the death of the last well-known romantic writer_ . B. Sir Walter Scott3. The publication of _marked the beginning of Romantic Age. C. The Lyrical Ballads4. The English Romantic Age produced two major novelists. They are _. C. Waller Scott and Jane Austen5. As contrasted with the classicists who made reason, order and the old, classical traditions the criteria in their poetical creations, _based his own poetical principle on the premise that all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. D. William Wordsworth6. In 1850, Wordsworths long autobiographical poem entitled _ was published posthumously (死后) by his wife. B. The Prelude7. For his pamphlet _, Percy Bysshe Shelley was expelled from Oxford and disowned by his father. D. The Necessity of Atheism8. The unfinished long epic _ has been regarded as John Keats greatest achievement in poetry. C. Hyperion 9. Which is Percy Bysshey Shelleys masterpiece? B. Prometheus Unbound10. His sister Mary suddenly went mad, so_ took care of his unfortunate sister for the rest of his life. A. Charles Lamb 11. Charles Lamb s_made Shakespeare a familiar author to the general readers. B. Tales from Shakespeare12. Charles Lamb wrote a series of miscellaneous essays, collected in 1823 as the _. D. Essays of Elia13. Walter Scotts first novel _ appeared anonymously in 1814 with immediate success.D. WaverleyChapter 41.In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend _ appeared, and it flourished in the forties and in the early fifties.D. Critical realism2.English critical realism found its expression chiefly in the form of _. The critical realists described with vividness and artistic skill the chief traits of the English society. A.Fiction3.The greatest English critical realist novelist is _, who criticized the bourgeois civilization and showed the misery of the common people.B.Charles Dickens4._ is a critical realist who severely exposed contemporary society. His novels, such as Vanity Fair, are mainly a satirical portrayal of the upper strata of society. C.William Makepeace Thackeray5.Which of the following does not belong to the English critical realists? Oliver Goldsmith6. _ was a movement for political and social reform in the United Kingdom during the mid-19th century, between 1838 and 1859. It was possibly the first mass working class labor movement in the world. C.Chartism7.In the Victorian age, poetry was not a major art form. The main poets of the age include all the following except _. D.Robert Burns8.The first period of Dickenss literary career (1836-1841) is marked for youthful optimism. The main novels written in this period include all the following except _. D.Little Dorrit9.The second period of Dickenss literary career (1842-1849) was a time of excitement and irritation, when his optimism toward society was profoundly shaken. The Main novels written in this period include all the following except _. D.Our Mutual Friend10.The third period of Dickenss literary career (1852-1870) showed intensifying pessimism. His novels produced in this period include all the following except _. Nicholas Nickleby11.Dickens took the French Revolution as the background of his novel _. A Tale of Two Cities12._ is often regarded as the semi-autobiography of Charles Dickens, in which the early life of the protagonist is largely based on the authors childhood years. B.David Copperfield13.In the novel _, Dickens exposed the terrible conditions in the English workhouses of the time and the corruption of fake philanthropists.B.Oliver Twist14.Which of the following is the masterpiece of William Makepeace Thackeray? B.Vanity Fair15.The Bronte sisters, who are all talented but short-lived writers, include all the following except _. D.Jane16.Which of the following is not a novel by Charlotte Bronte? D.Agnes Grey17.Emily Bronte wrote only one novel entitled _. Wuthering Heights18.All of the following are characters in Wuthering Heights except _. Mr. Rochester19.Which of the following comments about Jane Eyre is not right? B.It criticizes the bourgeois legal system.20.Thomas Hardy is one of the representatives of English _ novelist at the end of the 19th century. Realist21.Which of the following statements is not true about Thomas Hardy? D. His masterpiece is A Pair of Blue Eyes.22.According to Hardys own classification, his novels fall into three groups, including all the following except _. D.Working Class Literature23.Hardys novels of Character and Environment take his home region Wessex as their setting. They include all the following except _.C. A Pilgrims Progress24._, whose best works include the novel The Picture of Dorian Grey and the comedy The Importance of Being Ernest, is an Irish writer and poet known for his involvement in aestheticism (唯美主义). C.Oscar WildeChapter 51. _ is the founder of the “stream of consciousness” school of novel writing. B. James Joyce 2. David Lawrences autobiographical novel is _. C.Sons and Lovers 3. Lenins judgment “a good man fallen among the Fabians” refers to _. A. G. B. Shaw 4. George Bernard Shaws play _ tells a story about a proprietress of brothels. She considers the profit derived from this business quite honorable. D.Mrs. Warrens Profession5. In 1923, _ was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature. D.William Butler Yeats二、作品作者搭配*Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集William Shakespeare莎士比亚Sonnets十四行诗集；Macbeth麦克白; Hamlet哈姆雷特; Othello奥塞罗; King Lear李尔王Francis Bacon培根Essays论说文集（名文：Of Studies论学习）Alexander Pope蒲柏An Essay on Criticism批评论; The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记Daniel Defoe笛福Robinson Crusoe鲁宾孙飘流记; Moll Flanders摩尔弗兰德斯*Jonathan Swift斯威夫特Gullivers Travels格列佛游记*Samuel Richardson理查逊Pamela帕米拉; Clarissa克拉丽莎*Henry Fielding菲尔丁Tom Jones汤姆琼斯*Samuel Johnson约翰逊Dictionary of the English Language英语语言辞典; Lives of Poets诗人列传William Blake布莱克Songs of Innocence天真之歌; Songs of Experience经验之歌。名诗：The Chimney Sweeper扫烟囱的孩子; The Tiger老虎Robert Burns彭斯A Red, Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰; Auld Lang Syne往昔的时光William Wordsworth华兹华斯Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集; The Prelude序曲。名诗：My Heart Leaps Up When I Behold我心欢跃; I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud我孤独地漫游，像一朵云; The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女George Gordon Byron拜伦Childe Harolds Pilgrimage恰尔德哈罗尔德游记; Don Juan唐璜。名诗：She Walks in BeautyPercy Bysshe Shelley雪莱Ode to the West Wind西风颂John Keats济慈Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂*Walter Scott司各特Waverley威弗利; Ivanhoe艾凡赫Jane Austin奥斯丁Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见; Sense and Sensibility理智与情感; Emma爱玛Mary Shelley玛丽雪莱Frankenstein弗兰肯斯坦Charles Lamb兰姆Dream Children梦中的孩子Charles Dickens狄更斯Oliver Twist奥列佛退斯特（雾都孤儿）; A Christmas Carol 圣诞欢歌; David Copperfield大卫科波菲尔; A Tale of Two Cities双城记; Great Expectations远大前程Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂勃朗特Jane Eyre简爱Emily Bronte艾米丽勃朗特Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄Thomas Hardy哈代Far from the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣; The Return of the Native还乡; The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长; Tess of the DUrbervilles德伯家的苔丝; Jude the Obscure无名的裘德George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳Mrs. Warrens Profession华伦夫人的职业; Pygmalion匹克梅梁; The Apple Cart苹果车William Butler Yeats叶芝The Lake Isle of Innisfree茵纳斯弗利岛; Down by the Salley Gardens柳树园边David Herbert Lawrence劳伦斯Sons and Lovers儿子与情人; Women in Love恋爱中的女人; Lady Chatterleys Lover查泰莱夫人的情人James Joyce乔伊斯Dubliners都柏林人; Ulysses尤利西斯（*代表补充的作家）三、文学术语搭配1、叙事诗Narrative poem：A narrative poem tells a story in verse. It includes ballads;epics and metrical romances.2、抒情诗Lyric poem：A lyric poem expresses the observations and feelings of a single speaker.3、颂词Ode：The ode is a lyric poem of some length that honors an individual, a thing,or a trait dealing with a lofty theme in a dignified manner. For example: Ode to The West Wind4、十四行诗Sonnet：A sonnet is a fourteen-line lyric poem with a single theme.Sonnets vary but are usually written in iambic pentameter,following one of two traditional patterns.5、素体诗Blank Verse：Blank verse is poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter lines.6、自由诗Free Verse：Free verse is poetry not written in a regular rhythmical pattern or meter.7、图画诗Pictorialism：Pictorialism is an important poetic device characterized by efforts to achieve striking visual effects.8、韵律rhyme：Rhyme is the repetition of sounds at the ends of words.9、韵脚Rhyme Scheme：A rhyme scheme is a regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem or stanza.10、格律Meter：The meter of a poem is its rhythmical pattern.格律分类：抑扬iamb 扬抑trochee 抑抑扬anapest 杨抑抑dactyl 扬扬spondee 抑抑pyrrhic 抑扬抑amphibrach 扬抑扬ampimacer (Iambic pentameter; heroic couplet.必考)音步分类：一步monometer 二步dimeter 三步trimester 四步tetrameter 五步pentameter 六步hexameter 七步heptameter11、诗节stanza：A stanza is a group of lines in a poem, seen as a unit.12、小说分类Fiction：Fiction is prose writing about imaginary characters and events including novels and short stories.13、长篇小说Novel：A fictional prose narrative of considerable length,dealing especially with human experience through a usually connected sequence of event,typically having a plot.14、传奇Legend：A legend is a widely told story about the past.15、神话Myth：A myth is a fictional tale originally with religious significance,which explains the actions of gods or heroes.16、哥特式小说Gothic：Gothic is a term used to describe literary works that make extensive use of primitive,medieval,wild,mysterious,or supernatural elements.17、现实主义小说Realism：Realism is the presentation in art of details from actual life.18、意识流小说Stream of Consciousness：Stream of consciousness is a narrative technique that presents thoughts as if they were coming directly from a characters mind.19、象征symbol：symbols are a part of our everyday lives.20、象征意义symbolism：symbolism is especially appropriate for poetry because it enables poets to compress a very complex idea or set of ideas into one image or even one word.21、冲突conflict：is a struggle between two opposing forces or characters in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem.22、反语irony：irony always involves a contrast, a disparity between the expected and the actual.23、人物性格characters：characters are persons or animals, thins, or natural forces presented as persons appearing in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem.24、人物刻画characterization：characterization refers to the personality a character displays; also, it is the means by which an author reveals that personality.四、作品辨析（1）第一章第一节莎士比亚的十四行诗18When in disgrace with fortune and mens eyesI all alone beweep my outcast state,And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,And look upon myself, and curse my fate,Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,Featured like him, like him with friends possessed,Desiring this mans art, and that mans scope,With what I most enjoy contented least;Yet in these thoughts my self almost despising,Haply I think on thee, and then my state,Like to the lark at break of day arisingFrom sullen earth, sings hymns at heavens gate;For thy sweet love remembered such wealth bringsThat then I scorn to change my state with kings.Questions 必考This is Shakespeares 1_ Sonnet 29（不考）. The rhyme scheme of this poem is 2_ abab cdcd efef gg, and the meter (rhythmical pattern) _, and the meter (rhythmical pattern) is 3_ iambic pentameter._.（2）第二节培根论学习Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can exe-cute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them bothers; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the sto