2015年高级英语第一册试题A+B参考资料

高级英语第一册试题 A Vocabulary: Choose the appropriate word to fill in the blank. You may have to change the form of the word in some sentences. (10%) 1. If the work were done _ we could pay well. silent discreet careful secret 2. As the offender _ his crime, he was dealt with leniently. admit confess 3. As a result, the nerves of the Duke and Duchess were frayed when the _ buzzer of the outer door eventually sounded. silent mute 4. Several strong men were needed to open and close the _ gates to the castle. massive huge great big gigantic 5. The house detective took his time, _ puffing a cloud of blue cigar smoke. leisurely slowly unhurriedly 6. To ask what the _ of computers are is like asking what are the applications of electricity. usage application practice 7. Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finns idyllic cruise through _ boyhood. endless permanent eternal 8. It would be _, but no more than waiting here for certain detection perilous hazardous parlous chancy 9. It grows louder and more _ until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of _ lamps and braziers. distinct, innumerable clear, countless distinct, numerable 10. I was offered my teaching job back but I _. Later I became a geologist for an oil company. refused rejected declined 11. I was again crushed by the rejected thought that I stood on the _ of the first atomic bombardment. spot site place area 12. Just as the Industrial Revolution took over a(n) _ range of tasks from mens muscles and enormously expanded productivity, so the microcomputer is rapidly assuming huge burdens of drudgery from the human brain. immense enormous numerous huge 13. The poor old man died of _ at the hand of the slave-owner. mistreatment ill-treatment 14. Mark Twain had become a very _ man during his later life, which was reflected in his writings. He believed that the world was wrong, where people achieved nothing. sarcastic ironic cynical sentimental 15. This is the _ lawyer who is likely to win the whole nations attention. clever intelligent remarkable brilliant(卓越的） 16. The _ of computers are increasing at a fantastic rate. able capable 17. If he does guess correctly, he will price the item high, and _ little in the bargaining produce resign surrender yield 18. The few Americans and Germans seemed just as _ as I was. constrain curb inhibit withhold 19. They would also like to _ the atomic museum. demolish destroy ruin smash 20. The house detectives piggy eyes surveyed her _ from his gross-jowled face. sardonic sarcastic ironical II. Sentence and Structure (30%) A. Paraphrase the following sentences. Use brief words. (20%) 1. He will price the item high, and yield little in the bargaining. 2. As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear. 3. The few Americans seemed just as inhibited as I was. 4. I thought somehow I had been spared. 5. I will unsay no word that I have spoken about it. 6. We shall be strengthened not weakened in determination and in resources. 7. Now we are getting somewhere. 8. The house detective clucked his tongue reprovingly. 9. In no area of American life is personal service so precious as in medical care. 10. Well, that is California all over. B. Collocation: Choose the most appropriate expression to fill the blank. (10%) 1. Little girls and elderly ladies in kimonos _ teenagers and women in western dress. a. rubbed the shoulder with b. rubbed shoulders with c. rubbed the shoulder with d. rubbed the shoulders with 2. At last this intermezzo _, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall. a. came to an end b. came to the end c. came to end d. came to ending 3. The seller makes a point _ protesting that the price he is charging is depriving him _ all profit. a. offrom b. fromof c. ofof d. fromfrom 4. The shop-keepers speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers _. a. follow suit b. take suit c. follow suits d. take suits 5. I suppose they will be _ in hordes. a. gathered up b. collected up c. piled up d. rounded up 6. Hitler was however wrong and we should _ to help Russia. a. make all out b. make out all c. go all out d. go out all 7. The Nazi regime is devoid _ all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination. a. from b. of c. out d. away 8. In June 1941 Hitler suddenly _ an attack on Russia. a. launched b. exerted c. developed d. created 9. The custom-made object will be _. a. in everyones reach b. within everyones reach c. in everyones touch d. within everyones touch 10. The widest benefits of the electronic revolution will _the young. a. accrue to b. accrue at c. accrue for d. accrue with III. Please identify the figures of speech used in the following underlined parts of the sentences. (10%) 1 ( ) The din of the stall-holders crying their wares, of donkey-boys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously, and of would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy. parallelism 2 ( ) Was I not at the scene of the crime?rhetorical question 3 ( ) I felt sick, and every since then they have been testing and treating me. alliteration （头韵） 4 ( ) I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.metaphor 5 ( ) We will never parley, we will never negotiate. repetition 6 ( ) We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, . parallelism 7 ( ) The latter-day Aladdin, still snugly abed, then presses a button on a bedside box and issues a string of business and personal memos, which appear instantly on the genie screen. metaphor 8 ( ) Tom Sawyers endless summer of freedom and adventure.hyperbole 9 ( ) Mark Twain gained a keen perception of the human race, of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are. antithesis 10 ( ) The instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in the reporting trade, but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax.metonymy IV. Passage Reading and Question Answering (10%) The electronic revolution promises to ease, enhance and simplify life in ways undreamed of even by the utopians. At home or office, routine chores will be performed with astonishing efficiency and speed. Leisure time, greatly increased, will be greatly enriched. Public education, so often a dreary and capricious process in the U.S., may be invested with the inspiriting quality of an Oxford tutorialform preschool on. Medical care will be delivered with greater precision. Letters will not so easily go astray. It will be safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash； virtually all financial transactions will be conducted by computer. In the microelectronic village, the home will again be the center of society, as it was before the Industrial Revolution. Mass production of the miracle chip has already made possible home computer systems that sell for less than $800prices will continue to fall. Many domestic devices that use electric power will be computerized. Eventually the household computer will be as much a part of the home as the kitchen sink； it will program washing machines, burglar and fire alarms, sewing machines, a robot vacuum cleaner and a machine that will rinse and stack dirty dishes. When something goes wrong with an appliance a question to the computer will elicit repair instructionsin future generations, repairs will be made automatically. Energy costs will be cut by a computerized device that will direct heat to living areas where it is needed, and turn it down where it is not； the devices ubiquitous eye, sensing where people are at all times, will similarly turn the lights on and off as needed. Paper clutter will disappear as home information management systems take over from memo pads, notebooks, files, bills and the kitchen bulletin board. A. Write a summary of this passage in about 50 words. (6%). B. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (4%) 1. What will the future home or office look like? 2. How do you think the future electric appliances will work? V. Reading comprehension (40%) A. Multiple Choice Passage 1 INK-STAINED RICHES: Mencken, the Daddy of Bad-Boy Punditry In his essay on H.L. Mencken entitled “Saving a Whale,” journalist Murray Kempton points out that “whales are the only mammals that the museums have never managed to stuff and mount in their original skins.” To Kempton, Mencken is a very great whale who, almost 40 years after his death, still defies critical taxonomy. That is putting it politely. Mencken in death provokes as much vitriol as he did while living. he has been called a racist, a humanitarian, an arch conservative and a great liberal, and the thorny fact is, he was all those things. Nobody knows what to make of a man who turned his diary into a manure pile of anti-Semitism at the same time he was working diligently to get Jews out of Hitlers Germany. Biographers have been struggling to take Menckens measure since the 1920s. Fred Hobsons Mencken.is the latest and best attempt. Hobson is the first of Menckens biographers to use all the posthumously published diaries, where the “Sage of Baltimore” vented his most odious bigotries and where he most clearly revealed the alienation and loneliness at the heart of his personality. Hobson does not try to resolve the contradictions in Menckens personality. Instead, he wisely uses this new material to portray Mencken as a man forever in conflict with himself, the carefree cutup coexisting with the control freak, the comic with the tragedian. Eventuallyat least a decade before the 1948 stroke that robbed him of the ability to read or writeMenckens darker angels took charge of his soul. In 1942, he wrote, “I have spent all of my 62 years here, but I still find it impossible to fit myself into the accepted patterns of American life and thought. After all these years, I remain a foreigner.” But as Hobson points out, the darkness was there all along, and the miracle is that out of this almost paralyzing bleakness, Mencken was once able to spin exuberant, lacerating prose that is as funny as it is essentially serious. At the peak of his powers, in the 20s and early 30s, he slaughtered every sacred cow in sight, from Prohibition to fundamentalism. But as hard as he could be on hillbillies and Klansmen, he was even harder on professors: “Of a thousand head of such dull drudges not ten, with their doctors dissertations behind them, ever contribute so much as a flyspeck to the sum of human knowledge.” Coining phrases like “the Bible belt” and aphorisms like “Democracy is the theory that the common people know what they want, and deserve to get it good and hard,” Mencken left his indecorous fingerprints all over American thought and speech. As a newspaper columnist, a magazine editor and a book writer, Mencken radically broadened the scope and raised the standards of American journalism. But most important, he proved that an intellectual could thrive in the popular press. Many have imitated Menckens style. But the sad fact is, Menckens disciples are not Mencken. Flaws and all, he was inimitable. As Hobson says, “He was our nay-saying Whitman, and.he sounded his own barbaric yap over the roofs of the timid and the fearful, the contented and the smug.” With his cheap cigars and his hicks haircut, and with his gaudy, orotund prose, he looks and sounds like an old-fashioned vaudevillian. As nice as it would be to stick this curmudgeonly, politically incorrect relic on a back shelf and forget about him, we need his rancor too much. Better than anyone, he still instructs us on the value of the loyal opposition. At his best, he made his readers think and he kept them honest. No journalist could want a better epitaph. 1. Kempton thinks that Mencken was A a huge man. B beyond reproach. C larger than life. D hard to classify. 2. Hobsons biography is atypical of previous books abut Mencken because it A sues samples of Menckens prose. B creates a one-sided portrait. C glosses over inconsistencies. D uses material Mencken never published. 3. Mencken is probably best characterized as a/an A optimist. B pessimist. C enthusiast. D defeatist. 4. According to the author of the passage, Menckens prose is A pedantic. B prosaic. C pungent. D poetic. 5. The reviewer believes that Menckens work should be appreciated because A it has historic value. B it reminds Americans of the importance of dissent. C Mencken was an excellent reporter. D Mencken cannot be copied. Passage 2 THE DEATH OF A SPOUSE For much of the world, the death of Richard Nixon was the end of a complex public life. But researchers who study bereavement wondered if it didnt also signify the end of a private grief. Had the former president merely run his allotted fourscore and one, or had he fallen victim to a pattern that seems to afflict longtime married couples: one spouse quickly following the other to the grave? Pat, Nixons wife of 53 years, died last June after a long illness. No one knows for sure whether her death contributed to his. After all, he was elderly and had a history of serious heart disease. Researchers have long observed that the death of a spouse particularly a wife is sometimes followed by the untimely death of the grieving survivor. Historian Will Durant died 13 days after his wife and collaborator, Ariel； Bickminster Fuller and his wife died just 36 hours apart. Is this more than coincidence? “Part of the story, I suspect, is that we men are so used to ladies feeding us and taking care of us,” says Knud Helsing, an epidemiologist at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, “that when we lose a wife we go to pieces. We dont know how to take care of ourselves.” In one of several studies Helsing has conducted on bereavement, he found that widowed men had higher mortality rates than married men in every age group. But, he found that widowers who remarried enjoyed the same lower mortality rate as men whod never been widowed. Womens health and resilience may also suffer after the loss of a spouse. In a 1987 study of widows, researchers form the University of California, Los Angeles, and UC, San Diego, found that they had a dramatic decline in levels of important immune-system cells that fight off disease. Earlier studies showed reduced immunity in widowers. For both men and women, the stress of losing a spouse can have a profound effect. “All sorts of potentially harmful medical problems can be worsened,” says Gerald Davison, professor of psychology at the University of Southern California. People with high blood pressure, for example, may see it rise. In Nixons case, Davison speculates, “the stroke, although not caused directly by the stress, was probably hastened by it.” Depression can affect the surviving spouses will to live； suicide rates are elevated in the bereaved, along with accidents not involving cars. Involvement in life helps prolong it. Mortality, says Duke University psychiatrist Daniel Balzer, is higher in older people without a good social-support system, who dont feel theyre part of a group or a family, that they “fit in” somewhere. And thats a common problem for men, who tend not to have as many close friendships as women. The sudden absence of routines can also be a health hazard, says Blazer. “A person who loses a spouse shows deterioration in normal habits like sleeping and eating,” he says. “They dont have that other person to orient them, like when do you go to bed, when do you wake up, when do you eat, when do you take your medication, when do you go out to take a walk? Your pattern is no longer locked into someone elses pattern, so it deteriorates.” While earlier studies suggested that the first six months to a yearor even the first weekwere times of higher mortality for the bereaved, some newer studies find no special vulnerability in this initial period. Most men and women, of course do not die as a result of the loss of a spouse. And there are ways to improve the odds. A strong sense of separate identity and lack of over-dependency during the marriage are helpful. Adult sons and daughters, siblings and friends need to pay special attention to a newly widowed parent. They can make sure that he or she is socializing, getting proper nutrition and medical care, expressing emotion and, above all, feeling needed and appreciated. 6. According to researchers, Richard Nixons death was A caused by his heart problems. B indirectly linked to his wifes death. C the inevitable result of old age. D an unexplainable accident. 7. The research reviewed in the passage suggests that A remarried men live healthier lives. B unmarried men have the longest life spans. C widowers have the shortest life spans. D widows are unaffected by their mates death. 8. One of the results of grief mentioned in the article is A loss of friendships. B diminished socializing. C vulnerability to disease. D loss of appetite. 9. The passage states that while married couples can prepare for grieving by A being self-reliant. B evading intimacy. C developing habits. D avoiding independence. 10. Helsing speculates that husbands suffer from the death of a spouse because they are A unprepared for independence. B incapable of cooking. C unwilling to talk. D dissatisfied with themselves. B. Read the following passage and answer the questions. Your answers should be given in English. Be brief and straight to the point. (20%) The Penalty of Death H. L. Mencken Of the arguments against capital punishment that issue from uplifters, two are commonly heard most often, to wit: 1. That hanging a man (or frying him or gassing him) is a dreadful business, degrading to those who have to do it and revolting to those who have to witness it. 2. That it is useless, for it does not deter others from the same crime. The first of these arguments, it seems to me, is plainly too weak to need serious refutation. All it says, in brief, is that the work of the hangman is unpleasant. Granted. But suppose it is? It may be quite necessary to society for all that. There are, indeed, many other jobs that are unpleasant, and yet no one thinks of abolishing them-that of the plumber, that of the soldier, that of the garbage man, that of the priest hearing confessions, that of the sand-hog, and so on. Moreover, what evidence is there that any actual hangman complains of his work? I have heard none. On the contrary, I have known many who delighted in their ancient art, and practiced it proudly. In the second argument of the abolitionists there is rather more force, but even here, I believe, the ground under them is shaky. Their fundamental error consists in assuming that the whole aim of punishing criminals is to deter other (potential) criminal -that we hang or electrocute A simply in order to so alarm B that he will not kill C. This, I believe, is an assumption which confuses a part with the whole. Deterrence, obviously, is one of the aims of punishment, but it is surely not the only one. On the contrary, there are at least a half dozen, and some are probably quite as important. At least one of them, practically considered, is more important. Commonly, it is described as revenge, but revenge is really not the word for it. I borrow a better term from the late Aristotle: katharsis. Katharsis, so used, means a salubrious discharge of emotions, a healthy letting off of steam. A school-boy, disliking his teacher, deposits a tack upon the pedagogical chair； the teacher jumps and the boy laughs. This is katharsis. What I contend is that one of the prime objects of all judicial punishments is to afford the same grateful relief (a) to the immediate victims of the criminal punished, and (b) to the general body of moral and timorous men. These persons, and particularly the first group, are concerned only indirectly with deterring other criminals. The thing they crave primarily is the satisfaction of seeing the criminal actually before them suffer as he made them suffer. What they want is the peace of mind that goes with the feeling that accounts are squared. Until they get that satisfaction they are in a state of emotional tension, and hence unhappy. The instant they get it they are comfortable. I do not argue that this yearning is noble； I simply argue that it is almost universal among human beings. In the face of injuries that are unimportant and can be borne without damage it may yield to higher impulses； that is to say, it may yield to what is called Christian charity. But when the injury is serious Christianity is adjourned, and even saints reach for their side-arms. It is plainly asking too much of human nature to expect it to conquer so natural an impulse. A keeps s store and has a bookkeeper, B. B steals $700, employs it is playing at dice or bingo, and is cleaned out. What is A to do? Let B go? If he does so he will be unable to sleep at night. The sense of injury, of injustice, of frustration will haunt him like pruritus. So he turns B over to the police, and they hustle B to prison. Thereafter A can sleep. More, he has pleasant dreams. He pictures B chained to the wall of a dungeon a hundred feet underground, devoured by rats and scorpions. It is so agreeable that it makes him forget his $700. He has got his katharsis. The same thing precisely takes place on a larger scale when there is a crime which destroys a whole communitys sense of security. Every law-abiding citizen feels menaced and frustrated until the criminals have been struck down-until the communal capacity to get even with them, and more than even, has been dramatically demonstrated. Here, manifestly, the business of deterring others is no more than an afterthought. The main thing is to destroy the concrete scoundrels whose act has alarmed everyone, and thus make everyone unhappy. Until they are brought to book that unhappiness continues； when the law has been executed upon them there is a sigh of relief. In other words, there is katharsis. I know of no public demand for the death penalty for ordinary crimes, even for ordinary homicides. Its infliction would shock all men of normal decency of feeling. But for crimes involving the deliberate and inexcusable taking of human life, by men openly defiant of all civilized order-for such crimes it seems to nine men out of ten, a just and proper punishment. Any lesser penalty leaves them feeling that the criminal has got the better of society-that he is free to add insult to injury by laughing. That feeling can be dissipated only by a recourse to katharsis, the invention of the aforesaid Aristotle. It is more effectively and economically achieved, as human nature now is, by wafting the criminal to realms of bliss. The real objection to capital punishment doesnt lie against the actual extermination of the condemned, but against our brutal American habit of putting it off so long. After all, every one of us must die soon or late, and a murderer, it must be assumed, is one who makes that sad fact the cornerstone of his metaphysic. But it is one thing to die, and quite another thing to lie for long months and even years under the shadow of death. No sane man would choose such a finish. All of us, despite the Prayer Book, long for a swift and unexpected end. Unhappily, a murderer, under the irrational American system, is tortured for what, to him, must seem a whole series of eternities. For months on end he sits in prison while his lawyers carry on their idiotic buffoonery with writs, injunctions, mandamuses, and appeals. In order to get his money (or that of his friends) they have to feed him with hope. Now and then, by the imbecility of a judge or some trick of juristic science, they actually justify it. But let us say that, his money all gone, they finally throw up their hands. Their client is now ready for the rope or the chair. But he must still wait for months before it fetches him. That wait, I believe, is horribly cruel. I have seen more than one man sitting in the death house, and I dont want to see any more. Worse, it is wholly useless. Why should he wait at all? Why not hang him the day after the last court dissipates his last hope? Why torture him as not even cannibals would torture their victims? The common answer is that he must have time to make his peace with God. But how long does that take? It may be accomplished, I believe, in two hours quite as comfortably as in two years. There are, indeed, no temporal limitations upon God. He could forgive a whole herd of murderers in a millionth of a second. More, it has been done. 1. What is the authors point in this essay? Sum up the authors argument in 50 words. (4%) 2. How does the author put forward his argument? What does he do before he proposes his own idea about the death penalty? (4%) 3. What method does the author use to refute the first argument proposed by the uplifters, that the death penalty should be abolished because it is unpleasant? How do you characterize the supporting details the author provides throughout the essay? (4%) 4. What is the authors real objection to the death penalty? Sum up his description of how the death penalty is carried out currently within 50 words. (4%) 5. Does the author expect his audience to agree with him? Where in the essay does he indicate his audience may disagree? (4%) 高级英语第一册试题 B . Vocabulary: Choose the appropriate word to fill in the blank. You may have to change the form of the word in some sentences. (10%) 1. To ask what the _ of computers are is like asking what are the applications of electricity. usage application practice 2. Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finns idyllic cruise through _ boyhood. endless permanent eternal 3. It would be _, but no more than waiting here for certain detection. perilous hazardous parlous chancy 4. It grows louder and more _ until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of _ lamps and braziers. distinct, innumerable clear, countless distinct, numerable 5. I was offered my teaching job back but I _. Later I became a geologist for an oil company. refused rejected declined 6. I was again crushed by the thought that I stood on the _ of the first atomic bombardment. spot site place area 7. Just as the Industrial Revolution took over a(n) _ range of tasks from mens muscles and enormously expanded productivity, so the microcomputer is rapidly assuming huge burdens of drudgery from the human brain. immense enormous numerous huge 8. The poor old man died of _ at the hand of the slave-owner. mistreatment ill-treatment 9. Mark Twain had become a very _ man during his later life, which was reflected in his writings. He believed that the world was wrong, where people achieved nothing. sarcastic ironic cynical sentimental 10. This is the _ lawyer who is likely to win the whole nations attention. clever intelligent remarkable brilliant 11. The _ of computers are increasing at a fantastic rate. able capable 12. If he does guess correctly, he will price the item high, and _ little in the bargaining. produce resign surrender yield 13. The few Americans and Germans seemed just as _ as I was. constrain curb inhibit withhold 14. They would also like to _ the atomic museum. demolish destroy ruin smash 15. There must be no mistake, no _ or dallying because of her own smallness of mind. irresolution hesitancy wavering vacillation(优柔寡断 ） 16. The taxi driver _ at me in the rear-view mirror when I got on the car. smile laugh grin stare 17. Motors and bicycles threaded their way among the _ of the people entering and leaving the market. crowd throng 18. I see the Russian soldiers standing on the _ of their native land, guarding the fields. threshold frontiers entrance 19. The _ I am thinking of particularly is entered by a Gothic-arched gateway of aged brick and stone. bazaar market mart exchange 20. The house detectives piggy eyes surveyed her _ from his gross-jowled face. sardonic sarcastic ironical II. Sentence and Structure (30%) A. Paraphrase the following. Use brief words. (20%) 1. a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race 2. My life is much simplified thereby 3. Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them. 4. little donkeys thread their way among the throngs of people 5. The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle. 6. The computer might appear to be a dehumanizing factor, but the opposite is in fact true. 7. The house detectives piggy eyes surveyed her sardonically from his gross jowled face. 8. The microelectronic revolution promises to ease, enhance and simplify life in ways undreamed of even by the utopians. 9. I experience a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks. 10. Then as you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the muted cloth-market. B. Collocation: Choose the most appropriate expression to fill in the blank. (10%) 1. I treaded cautiously_ the tatami matting. a) on b) in c)down d) out 2. He reverted_ this theme a) into b) to c) onto d)on 3. Steamboat decks teemed not only_ the main current of pioneering humanity, but is flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as well. a) up b) of c) on d)with 4. The widest benefits of the electronic revolution (unlike those of most revolutions) will accrue_ the young. a) for b) except c) to d)including 5. As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge_ your ear. a) on b) to c)at d) against 6. The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein_ her racing mind. a) in b) inside c) to d) on 7. The subjugation of the western Hemisphere_ his will a) to （强迫服从 b) in c) according to d) against 8. Bitterness fed_ the man who had made the world laugh. a) back b) to c) up d) on 9. But later my hair began to fall_, and my belly turned to water. a) off b) out c) through d) away 10. The situation came_ one essential. a) up with b) up to c) down to归结起来为 d) up against III. Please identify the figures of speech used in the following underlined parts of the sentences. (10%) 1 ( ) Then there is the spice-market, with its pungent and exotic smells； and the food-market, where you can by everything you need for the most sumptuous dinner, or sit in a tiny restaurant with porters and apprentices and eat your humble bread and cheese.antithesis 2 ( ) The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.metonymy转喻 3. ( ) Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters.anti-climax 4 ( ) I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist, this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.metaphor隐喻 5 ( ) We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. repetition 6 ( ) We will never parley. We will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. parallelism 7 ( ) He made an attempt to square his shoulders.metaphor 8 ( ) With the chip, amazing feats of memory and execution become possible in everything from automobile engines to universities and hospitals, from farms to banks and corporate offices, from outer space to a babys nursery. parallelism 9 ( ) Huck Finns idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood.hyperbole 10( ) It was a splendid population - for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home. alliteration IV. Passage Reading and Question Answering (10%) “I am a fisherman by trade. I have been here a very long time, more than twenty years, ” said an old man in Japanese pajamas. “What is wrong with you?” “Something inside. I was in Hiroshima when it happened. I saw the fireball. But I had no burns on my face or body. I ran all over the city looking for missing friends and relatives. I thought somehow I had been spared. But later my hair began to fall out, and my belly turned to water. I felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me.” The doctor at my side explained and commented upon the old mans story, “We still have a handful of patients here who are being kept alive by constant care. The others died as a result of their injuries, or else committed suicide.” “Why did they commit suicide?” “It is humiliating to survive in this city. If you bear any visible scars of atomic burns, you children will encounter prejudice on the part of those who do not. No one will marry the daughter or the niece of an atomic bomb victim. People are afraid of genetic damage from the radiation.” The old fisherman gazed at me politely and with interest. Hanging over the patient was a big ball made of bits of brightly colored paper, folded into the shape of tiny birds. “Whats that?” I asked. “Those are my lucky birds. Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird, and add it to the others. This way I look at them and congratulate myself on the good fortune that my illness has brought me. Because, thanks to it, I have the opportunity to improve my character.” A. Write a summary of this passage in about 50 words. (6%). B. Answer the following questions in one sentence. (4%) 1. Where do you think the scene described in the above passage might happen? 2. Why wont a young man marry the daughter or niece of an atomic bomb victim? V. Reading comprehension (40%) A. Multiple Choice Passage 1 RUSSIAS NEW REVOLUTION IN CONSERVATION When naturalist Sergei Smirenski set out to create Russias first private nature reserve since the Bolshevik revolution, he knew that the greatest obstacle would be overcoming bureaucratic resistance. The Moscow State University professor has charted a steep uphill course through a variety of foes, from local wildlife service officials who covet his funding to government officials who saw move value in development than conservation. But with incredible dedication, and the support of a wide range of international donors from Japan to the United States, the Murovyovka Nature Park has finally come into being. Founded at a small ceremony last summer, the private reserve covers 11,000 acres of pristine wetlands along the banks of the Amur River in the Russia Far East. Here, amid forests and marshes encompassing a variety of microhabitats, nest some of the worlds rarest birdstall, elegant cranes whose numbers are counted in the mere hundreds. The creation of the park marks a new approach to nature conservation in Russia, one that combines traditional methods of protection with an attempt to adapt to the changing economic and political circumstances of the new Russia. “There must be a thousand ways to save a wetland. It is time for vision and risk, and also hard practicality,” wrote Jim Harris, deputy director of the International Crane Foundation, a Wisconsin-based organization dedicated to the study and preservation of cranes, which has been a major supporter of the Murovyovka project. Dr. Smirenskis vision has been eminently down to earth. At every step, he has tried to involve local officials, businessmen and collective farms in the project, giving them a practical, economic stake in its success. And with international support, he is trying to introduce new methods of organize farming that will be more compatible with preserving the wetlands. 1. The Murovyovka Nature Reserve came into being because of A Russian government officials. B the International Crane Foundation. C the determination of one man. D an unrealistic dream. 2. If one “charts a steep uphill course” (paragraph 2), one A expects an arduous journey. B maps out a mountain trip. C assumes that life will be uneventful. D sets himself a difficult goal. 3. The preserved “pristine wetlands” mentioned in paragraph 3 are A unspoiled. B precious. C immaculate. D uncontaminated. 4. The passage states that the Nature Reserve is A an arid, uninhabited area. B the only reserve in Russia. C home to many different birds. D economically beneficial to local inhabitants. 5. The passage implies that the preservation of wetlands A can only be accomplished with traditional methods. B requires imagination, daring and pragmatism. C is usually a popular concern of politicians. D limits an areas development. Passage 2 THE PEARL OF ORRS ISLAND Chapter IV The sea lay like an unbroken mirror all around the pine-girl, lonely shores of Orrs Island. Tall, kingly spruces wore their regal crowns of cones high in air, sparkling with diamonds of clear exuded gum； vast old hemlocks of primeval growth stood darkling in their forest shadows, their branches hung with long hoary moss； while feathery larches, turned to brilliant gold by autumn frosts, lighted up the darker shadows of the evergreens. It was one of those hazy, calm, dissolving days of Indian summer, when everything is so quiet that the faintest kiss of the wave on the beach can be heard, and white clouds seem to faint into the bluer of the sky, and soft swathing bands of violet vapor make all earth look dreamy, and give to the sharp, clear-cut outlines of the northern landscape all those mysteries of light and shade which impart such tenderness to Italian scenery. The funeral was over,the tread of many feet, bearing the heavy burden of two broken lives, had been to the lonely graveyard, and had come back again, each footstep lighter and more unconstrained as each one went his way from the great old tragedy of Death to the common cheerful walks of Life. The solemn black clock stood swaying with its eternal “tick-tock, tick-tock,” in the kitchen of the brown house on Orrs Island. There was there that sense of a stillness that can be felt, such as settles down on a dwelling when any of its inmates have passed through its doors for the last time, to go whence they shall not return. The best room was shut up and darkened, with only so much light as could fall through a little heart-shaped hole in the window-shutter,for except on solemn visits, or prayer-meetings, or weddings, or funerals, that room formed no part of the daily family scenery. The kitchen was clean and ample, with a great open fireplace and wide stone hearth, and oven on one side, and rows of old-fashioned splint-bottomed chairs against the wall. A table scoured to snowy whiteness, and a little work-stand whereon lay the Bible, the Missionary Herald, and the Weekly Christian Mirror, before named, formed the principal furniture. One feature, however, must not be forgotten,a great sea-chest, which had been the companion of Zephaniah through all the countries of the earth. Old, and battered, and unsightly it looked, yet report said that there was good store within of that which men for the most part respect more than anything else； and, indeed, it proved often when a deed of grace was to be donewhen a woman was suddenly made a widow in a coast gale, or a fishing-smack was run down in the fogs off the banks, leaving in some neighboring cottage a family of orphans,in all such cases, the opening of this sea-chest was an event of good men to the bereaved； for Zephaniah had a large heart and a large hand, and was apt to take it out full of silver dollars when once it went in. So the ark of the covenant could not have been looked on with more reverence than the neighbors usually showed to Captain Pennels sea-chest. 6. Stowe describes Orrs Island in a manner. A emotionally appealing, imaginative B rational, logically precise C factually detailed, objective D vague, uncertain 7. According to the passage, the “best room” A has its many windows boarded up. B has had the furniture removed. C is used only on formal and ceremonious occasions. D is the busiest room in the house. 8. From the description of the kitchen we can infer that the house belongs to people who A never have guests. B like modern appliances. C are probably religious. D dislike housework. 9. The passage implies that A few people attended the funeral. B fishing is a secure vocation. C the island is densely populated. D the house belonged to the deceased. 10. From the description of Zephaniah we can tell that he A was physically a very big man. B preferred the lonely life of a sailor. C always stayed at home. D was frugal and saved a lot of money. B. Read the following passage and answer the questions. Your answers should be given in English. Be brief and straight to the point. (20%) Small Kicks in Superland I often go to the supermarket for the pure fun of it, and I suspect a lot of people do too. The supermarket fills some of the same needs the neighborhood saloon used to satisfy. There you can mix with neighbors when you are lonely, or feeling claustrophobic (患幽闭恐怖症的 ) with family, or when you simply feel the urge to get out and be part of the busy, interesting world. As in the old neighborhood saloon, something is being sold, and this helps clothe the visit in wholesome material purpose. The national character tends to fear acts performed solely for pleasure； even our sexual hedonists（享乐主义者） usually justify themselves with the thought that they are doing a higher duty to social reform or mental hygiene. It is hard to define the precise pleasures of the supermarket. Unlike the saloon, it does not hold out promise of drugged senses of commonly considered basic to pleasure. There is, to be sure, the brilliant color of the fruit-and-vegetable department to lift the spirit out of gray Januarys wearies, provided you do not look at the prices. There are fantastic riches of pointless variety to make the mind delight in the excess that is America. In my neighborhood supermarket, for example, there are twenty or thirty yards of nothing but paper towels of varying colors, patterns and thicknesses. What an amazing country that can make it so hard for a man to choose among things designed for the purpose of being thrown away! The people, however, are the real lure. As in the traditional saloon, there are many who seem determined to leave nothing for anybody else. These people prowl the aisles with carts overflowing with excesses of consumption. Twenty pounds of red meat, back-breaking cartons of powdered soap, onions wrapped lovingly in molded plastic, peanut butter by the hundredweight, cake mixes, sugar, oils, whole pineapples, wheels of cheese, candied watermelon rind, preserved camel humps from Persia Groaning and sweating, they pile their tonnage up to the checker, see it packaged in a forests worth of paper bags and, the whole now reassembled as a tower of bags pyramided on another cart, they stagger off to their cars, drained of their wealth but filled with pride in their awesome capacity of consumption. At times, seeing such a customer trying to buy up the whole supermarket, one is tempted to say, “Come now, my good woman, youve had enough for the day.” Unfortunately, the ambience（气氛） of supermarkets does not encourage verbal exchanges. In this it is inferior to the saloon. Urban people, of course, are terribly scared nowadays. They may yearn for society, but it is risky to go around talking to strangers for a lot of reasons, one being that people are so accustomed not to have many human contacts that they are afraid they may find out they really prefer life that way. Whatever the reason, they go to the supermarket to be with people, but not to talk with people. The rule seems to be, you can look but you cant speak. Ah, well most days there is a good bit to see. The other day in my own supermarket, for example, there was a woman who was sneakily （鬼鬼祟祟地） lifting the cardboard lids on Sara Lee frozen coffee cakes and peeking under, eyeball to coffee cake, to see if-what? Could she have misplaced something? Did she suspect that the contents were not as advertised? Whatever her purposes, she didnt buy. Another woman was kneading（捏） a long package of white bread with her fingertips, rather like a doctor going over an abdomen for a cry of pain that might confirm appendicitis (阑尾炎 ). I had seen those silly women in the television commercial squeeze toilet paper, and so was prepared for almost anything, but this medical examination of the bread was startling. The woman, incidentally, did not buy. She left the store without a single purchase. This may have been because she looked at the “express checkout” line, saw that it would take forty-five minutes to pay for her bread and decided bread was not worth the wait. I suspect that woman who left empty-handed never intended to buy. I think she had simply become lonely sitting alone in her flat, or had begun to feel claustrophobic perhaps with her family, and had decided to go out to the supermarket and knead a loaf of white bread for the pure fun of feeling herself part of the great busy world. 1. According to the author, what purposes does the supermarket serve for ordinary Americans? Give your answer within 50 words. (4%) 2. What, according to the author, is the real attraction of the supermarket? What kind of people does the author describe in the essay? (4%) 3. What is the authors tone in describing the big buyers and the two women? How do you know his attitude? (4%) 4. According to the author, what is the major weakness of the supermarket, in comparison with the traditional saloon? Why do so many people go to the supermarket although they are well aware of this weakness? (4%) 5. What problem does the author identify with the modern American life? Is going to the supermarket a likely cure? Why or why not? (4%) 请您删除一下内容， O( _ )O谢谢！ 2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄 After earning his spurs in the kitchens of The Westin, The Sheraton, Sens on the Bund, and a sprinkling of other top-notch venues, Simpson Lu fi nally got the chance to become his own boss in November 2010. Sort of. The Shanghai-born chef might not actually own California Pizza Kitchen (CPK) but he is in sole charge of both kitchen and frontof- house at this Sinan Mansionsstalwart. Its certainly a responsibility to be the head chef, and then to have to manage the rest of the restaurant as well, the 31-year-old tells Enjoy Shanghai. In hotels, for example, these jobs are strictly demarcated, so its a great opportunity to learn how a business operates across the board. It was a task that management back in sunny California evidently felt he was ready for, and a vote of confi dence from a company that, to date, has opened 250 outlets in 11 countries. And for added pressure, the Shanghai branch was also CPKs China debut. For sure it was a big step, and unlike all their other Asia operations that are franchises, they decided to manage it directly to begin with, says Simpson. Two years ago a private franchisee took over the lease, but the links to CPK headquarters are still strong, with a mainland-based brand ambassador on hand to ensure the business adheres to its ethos of creating innovative, hearth-baked pizzas, a slice of PR blurb that Simpson insists lives up to the hype. They are very innovative, he says. The problem with most fast food places is that they use the same sauce on every pizza and just change the toppings. Every one of our 16 pizza sauces is a unique recipe that has been formulated to complement the toppings perfectly. The largely local customer base evidently agrees and on Saturday and Sunday, at least, the place is teeming. The kids-eat-for-free policy at weekends is undoubtedly a big draw, as well as is the spacious second-fl oor layout overlooked by a canopy of green from Fuxing Park over the road. The company is also focusing on increasing brand recognition and in recent years has taken part in outside events such as the regular California Week. Still, the sta are honest enough to admit that business could be better； as good, in fact, as in CPKs second outlet in the popular Kerry Parkside shopping mall in Pudong. Sinan Mansions has really struggled to get the number of visitors that were envisaged when it first opened, and it hasnt been easy for any of the tenants here, adds Simpson. Were planning a third outlet in the city in 2015, and we will probably choose a shopping mall again because of the better foot traffic. The tearooms once frequented by Coco Chanel and Marcel Proust are upping sticks and coming to Shanghai, Xu Junqian visits the Parisian outpost with sweet treats. One thing the century-old Parisian tearoom Angelina has shown is that legendary fashion designer Coco Chanel not only had style and glamor but also boasted great taste in food, pastries in particular. One of the most popular tearooms in Paris, Angelina is famous for having once been frequented by celebrities such as Chanel and writer Marcel Proust. Now Angelina has packed up its French ambience, efficient service, and beautiful, com