西安交通大学 2006 基础英语.doc

西安交通大学2006年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：基础英语 科目编号：328考试时间：1月15日上午(注：所有答案必须写在专用答题纸上，写在本试题纸上和其它草稿纸上一律无效)Part I Vocabulary (20 points)Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A. B. C. D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the AYSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)Example:I lave bean to the Great Wall three times _ 1979.A fromB afterC forD sinceThe sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.” Therefore you should choose D.1. Carbon monoxide formed by the incomplete combustion of some carbonaceous material, has been a _ to humans since the domestication of fire. A. hazard B. dispute C. docile D. boost2. I couldnt help but _ when I heard his story. A. buckle B. dilute C. chuckle D. bruise3. Early space _ showed that radiation varies in different parts of space around the Earth.A. meteors B. probes C. rams D. drenches 4. A wink can be a way of _ or indicating that the party is only joking.A. flushing B. cracking C. sleeting D. flirting5. Gulf officials say an affluent lifestyle is bleeding the regions heavily _ water supplies. A. subsided B. campaigned C. salinated D. unwarranted6. He was so _ in the TV program that he forgot to turn the oven off. A. tarnished B. revamped C. engrossed D. bequeathed7. The _ of color and action which fills the world is taken for granted.A. pageant B. panorama C. convolution D. epicurean8. I speak, of course, of free men who have a choice, not condemned criminals whose sphere of activities is strictly _. A. delimited B. loomed C. fostered D. accumulated9. The universe is organized in _ with, in many cases, pretty wide gaps between them. A. uniformities B. enunciation C. promulgation D. aggregates10. I will try to explain to you what has given rise to these _ and given me a bad name. A. flickers B. tentacles C. slanders D. galaxies11. The house by the sea had a mysterious air of _ about it. A. melancholy B. serenity C. serioso D. retroject12. A middle-aged woman of tremendous _ sat down beside the other patients in the waiting room.A. retrogress B. tabac C. girth D. saber13. _ terror filled their brains as they witnessed the explosions. A. Numbing B. Tantalous C. Paralysis D. Sentient14. Pennys _ speech given at the state competition won her the first prize. A. promptitude B. impromptu C. prorate D. natant15. The slender boy _ the wall like a lizard.A. allayed B. fluked C. plastered D. scaled16. The salon was the most elegant room Madeline had ever seen despite its _. A. annotation B. parlance C. relegance D. austerity17. The Royal Museum contains a _ of the kings famous declaration. A. facsimile B. humbug C. wager D. congeal18. The raccoon is a _ animal. A. nebulous B. nocturnal C. marsupial D. diurnal19. The lawsuit was lost because of _ in the statements of the witness. A. discrepancies B. conjugations C. coincidences D. remonstrations20. There is only time to _ the plan and we will discuss it in detail next week. A. decry B. eliminate C. expound D. adumbrateSection BDirections: Beneath each of the following questions, there are four choices marked A. B. C. D. Choose the one that is most nearly the same in meaning as the underlined word. Mark your answer on the AYSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)21. In spite of everything that has happened, she has a very serene expression on her face. A. angryB. frightenedC. calmD. happy22. If a client insists upon being stubborn lawyers have to settle claims in court. A. abjectB. obstinateC. indignantD. sympathetic23. There is a controversy even among doctors as to whether this disease is contagious or not. A. discussionB. disagreementC. quarrelD. argument24. They believed that the merchants had conspired to undermine the nations economic independence. A. plottedB. planned C. strove D. managed25. The old man behaves so discreetly as if he were surrounded by invisible spies. A. angrily B. bravely C. cautiouslyD. instantly26. His first impulse is to jump back and warm the others, but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. A. fuss B. disturbanceC. disorderD. response27. The idea was conceived 15 years ago when Dr. Gunnar Junger was working as clinical chemist in northern Sweden. A. accepted B. devised C. handed over D. discussed28. I hated to see the loathsome sights in commercials about cold remedies. A. violent B. bloody C. shockingD. disgusting29. Future scientific discoveries will make possible the future prolongation of human life span. A. expectancyB. qualityC. conditionD. state30. Mother showed me an expeditious method of packing on the day I went mountaineering. A. careful B. efficient C. helpful D convenient31. The doctor speculated that high cholesterol was a contributing factor to the patients health problems. A. expected B. thoughtC. assumed D. guessed 32. The old baby nurtured the child as if he had been her own. A. loved B. treated C. broughtD. helped 33. It is almost impossible to learn multiplication without knowing the rudimentary steps of addition. A. well-knownB. confusing C. mentioned D. elementary34. The teacher nominated me as the representative at the meeting A. appointed B. sent C. choseD. dispatched35. The loosing candidate conceded at midnight after the polls had closed. A. won B. yielded C. worried D. stood up36. With a quick look, the teacher reproved the child for doing that in case. A. praised B. rewarded C. criticized D. encouraged 37. In the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome, thunder was believed to be a manifestation of the wrath of the gods. A. anger B. spirit C. voiceD. power 38. Many little wrinkles gathered between his eyes as he contemplated this. A. dealt with B. was looking forward to C. tried his best to do D. meditated39. When bothered by other animals or humans, some species of honored lizards will posture threateningly and squirt blood from their eyes. A. stand B. poseC. squatD. jump40. The resulting discrepancy can serve as a basis for the student to modify his way of using the present tense in English. A. encourage B. analyzeC. changeD. agree withPart II Reading ComprehensionDirection: Each of the 7 passages below is followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with 4 suggested answers with A, B, C, D. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.Passage 1People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nations economy would bring social chaos. In the years following 1820, after several decades of relative stability, the economy entered a period of sustained and extremely rapid growth that continued to the end of the nineteenth century. Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nations labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits.Although the birth rate continued to decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the population roughly doubled every generation during the nineteenth centuries. As the population grew, its makeup also changed. Massive waves of immigration brought new ethnic groups into the country. Geographic and social mobility - downward as well as upward - touched almost everyone. Local studies indicate that nearly three - quarters of the population - in the North and South, in the emerging cities of the Northeast, and in the restless rural counties of the West - changed their residence each decade. As a consequence, historian David Donald has written, Social atomization affected every segment of society, and it seemed to many people that all the recognized values of orderly civilization were gradually being eroded.Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century had special implications for women because these tended to magnify social distinctions. As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home. In the context of extreme competitiveness and dizzying social change, the household lost many of its earlier functions and the home came to serve as a haven of tranquility and order. As the size of families decreased, the roles of husband and wife became more clearly differentiated than ever before. In the middle class especially, men participated in the productive economy while women ruled the home and served as the custodians of civility and culture. The intimacy of marriage that was common in earlier periods was rent, and a gulf that at times seemed unbridgeable was created between husbands and wives.41. What does the passage mainly discuss？ A. The economic development of the United States in the eighteenth century B. Ways in which economic development led to social changes in the United States C. Population growth in the western United States D. The increasing availability of industrial jobs for women in the United States42. What did the people in the United States do as the nineteenth century progressed? A. They emigrated to other countries. B. They often settled in the West. C. They tended to change the place in which they lived. D. They had a higher rate of birth than ever before43.Which of the following best describes the society about which David Donald wrote？ A. A highly conservative society that was resistant to new ideas B. A society that was undergoing fundamental change C. A society that had been gradually changing since the early 1700s D. A nomadic society that was starting permanent settlements44.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of the social changes occurring in the United States after 1820？ A. Increased social mobility C. Significant movement of populationB. Increased immigrationD. Strong emphasis on traditional social values45. According to the passage, how was the economy of the United States between 1820 and 1900? A. It was expanding. C. It was stagnateB. It was in sharp declineD. It was disorganized46. What increased social distinctions in the United States in the nineteenth century? A. Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility. B. The roles of men and women played in the society. C. All the recognized values of the orderly civilization. D. Many of the homes earlier functions.47. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. Because of social atomization, all the recognized values were infected. B. More and more labors went to work in nonagricultural fields. C. There was more intimacy of marriage than in earlier periods. D. The birth rate was lower during the rest of nineteenth century.Passage 2When the television is good, nothing -not the theater, not the magazines or newspapers - nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and stay there without a book, magazine, newspaper, profit and loss sheet or rating book to distract you - and keep your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that you will observe a vast wasteland. You will see a procession of game shows, violence, audience-participation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families, blood and thunder, mayhem, violence, sadism, murder, Western bad men, Western good men, private eyes, gangsters, more violence, and cartoons. And, endlessly, commercials that scream, cajole, and offend. And most of all, boredom. True, you will see a few things you will enjoy. But they will be very, very few. And if you think I exaggerate, try it. Is there no room on television to teach, to inform, to uplift, to stretch, to enlarge the capacities of our children? Is there no room for programs deepening their understanding of children in other lands? Is there no room for a childrens news show explaining something about the world to them at their level of understanding? Is there no room for reading the great literature of the past, teaching them the great traditions of freedom? There are some fine childrens shows, but they are drowned out in the massive doses of cartoons, violence, and more violence. Must these be your trademarks? Search your consciences and see if you cannot offer more to your young beneficiaries whose future you guide so many hours each and every day. There are many people in this great country and you must serve all of us. You will get no argument from me if you say that, given a choice between a western and a symphony, more people will watch the western. I like westerns and private eyes too, but a steady diet for the whole country is obviously not in the public interest. We all know that people would more often prefer to be entertained than stimulated or informed. But your obligations are not satisfied if you look only to popularity as a test of what to broadcast. You are not only in show business; you are free to communicate ideas as well as relaxation. You must provide a wide range of choices, more diversity, more alternatives. It is not enough to cater to the nations whims; you must also serve the nations needs. The people own the air. They own it as much in prime evening time as they do at six oclock in the morning. For every hour that the people give you - you own them something. I intend to see that your debt is paid with service. 48. The wasteland referred to by the author describes _. A .western badlands C. morning television showsB. average television programs D. television shows with desert locales49. The authors attitude toward television can best be described as _. A. sullenness at defeat C. righteous indignationB. reconciliation with the broadcastersD. determination to prevail50. The author is primarily concerned to tell broadcasters that _. A. all childrens shows are worthless C. television instruction should be changedB. mystery programs should be blamed D. they had better mend their way.51. Concerning programs for children, it may be inferred that the author believes that such programs should _. A. include no cartoons at all C. be presented only in the morningB. include ones which provide culture D. be presented without commercials 52. The statement that “the people own the air implies that _. A. citizens have the right to insist on worthwhile television programs B. television should be socialized to cater to the nations whims C. the government may build above present structures D. the people own nothing, for air is worthless53. It can be inferred from the passage in regard to television programming that the author believes _. A. the broadcasters are trying to do the right thing but are failing B. foreign countries are going to pattern their programs after ours C. the listeners do not necessarily know what is good for them D. six oclock in the morning is too early for a television show54. Which of the following would NOT be inferable from the passage? A. The needs of the minority must be met by television. B. The author would probably favor more responsible stations being established C. Childrens television is uniformly terrible D. The author believes that better shows are possible.55. The author believes that his taste are _. A. better than most peoples C. the same as most peoples B. better than those of the television industryD. better than the average childrenPassage 3If art seeks to divorce itself from meaningful and associative images, if it holds material alone as its objective, then I think that the material itself ought to have the greatest possible plasticity, the greatest potentialities for the development of shapes and the creating of relationships. For that reason I think that the sculpture which has been created with a view to being from alone has been a great deal more successful and interesting than has been the painting in that vein. The sculptor sets out with teo pre-existing advantages: one that he must have craftsmanship and the other that he works in the round. He does not have to stimulate depth nor create illusions of depth because he works in volume in three-dimensional form.Thus Noguchi, working in marble, is able to develop relationships in three-dimensions rather than two and yet retain both simplicity and unity. He has at his disposal the advantages of light and space, and the natural translucence and glow of marble, all of which he exploits and reveals with great elegance.Henry Moore is one of the great contemporary imaginers who has brought new materials and new concepts into sculptural form. He discovers the naturally heroic character of bronze and exploits feelingly the graining and fine surfaces of wood. Undoubtedly his most remarkable feat has been the surrounding of open space and his use of such space as a sculptural material. But beauty and craft and idea are still paramount with Moore and he never obliterates these qualities in the