英语专八写作高分秘诀.doc

英语专八写作高分秘诀一、内容简单化内容简单化是考生在构思专八作文时应遵循的原则。考生不论是在练习时还是在考场上都应当牢记这一点。许多考生在作文上败下阵来就是因为花费了大量的时间和精力追求内容的新颖别致。国家考试中心在出专八作文试题时特别注意选择一些弹性不是很大的题目，因为考试作为一种语言测试方式，其重点在于测试考生英语语言水平，它不像出国英语考试，譬如、GMAT和GRE这类智商型考试那样测试考生逻辑思辩的能力；如果设置弹性较大的题目，评卷人在评分时就不容易把握。事实上，专八作文考试的内容并不会给评卷人留下太深的影响，参阅任何一本考试作文指南书的考生都可以发现书中范文的内容不会有太多新意，评卷人评判的是考生的文字能力，考生在构思时只要保证自己的内容符合逻辑，能够言之有理、言之成理、切题即可，然后把更多的注意力放在如何追求语言的得体性上；有的考生在考场上绞尽脑汁，想要找出些绝妙的内容来吸引评卷人的特别关注，结果往往是花费了十分的心思只得到一分的回报，有时反而会弄巧成拙，使评卷人的注意力转移方向，影响得分。在考场上，笔者认为考生在构思内容上所花的时间不应超过5分钟，在认真读题并将其理解透彻以后，考生可以在试卷题目下方的空白处列一个简短的提纲，用中文即可，以此作为写作过程中内容的提示，在提笔开始写作的过程中就可将重点放在保证语言的流畅得体上，不会因为内容而中断思路。专八高分作文的第二大策略是结构模式化，这也是最核心的一条策略。通览以往的考试作文考题，细心的考生不难发现，专业英语作文考题不仅题目弹性很小，而且题型相结稳定，这就为考生在短期内提高作文分数创造了一个条件，使考生完全可以在考前针对考试中可能出现的题型按照固定的结构模式进行训练。二、结构模式化做到内容简单化和结构模式化，考生就已经向专八高分作文的目标迈进了一大步，如果考生还能在语言的细节上下一些功夫，作文的分数就会更上一层楼，这也就是我们接下来要谈的第三大策略：语言要包装。前面我们已经说过，专业英语作文的测试重点是考生的语言能力，因而在语言细节上下一点功夫就可以让考生展示自己的语言修养。首先是语法方面的包装。考生要注意在作文中选取一个中心时态，通常选取一般现在时即可，但在陈述具体例证时要根据不同的情况变换时态。大纲明确要求高分作文的句子要做到多样化，所以最好不要全盘使用简单句，这样会降低文章的层次、复杂句和简单句应在文章中交叉出现，而对一些描述性的例证以及临时想起的内容可以使用简单句。同样在引用名人名言时考生也要特别注意：中国人习惯用别人说的话来证明自己的观点，而西方人引用名人名言通常都是为了进行批判性分析，这也是东西方文化上的一大差异，建议考生心意一不要使用名人名言，而应当用自己的逻辑去说服对方。说到这里自然就引出五一个语言包装的问题：应不应当在作文中作用谚语，大多数考生会觉得这些语言对评卷人而言已是陈词滥调，不应该在他们面前卖弄，事实恰恰相反，非英语国家的考生使用谚语常常会给英语国家的评卷人留下良好的印象，他们认为只有英语功底很扎实的考生才能正确地使用谚语。因此，在对所用表达法把握很大的情况下，考生不妨在作文中写一些地道的英语习语。三、语言要包装语言包装的最后一点是文体意识。普林斯顿所提供的评分标准中非常明确地指出考生所写的文章应当是academic(学术性)的，考生在提笔之前应当清楚地认识到现在这篇文章应当是学术性的正式文体，在遣词造句时要抛弃口语体的非正式的词汇和句型。最好的方法是以简单句为基础，配合适当的并列句和复杂句。简单句可长可短，通常要加些附属成分，如分词短语、介词短语、副词短语、不定式动词短语，以及节缩成分。总之，作者可根据情况，使句子多样化，使文章灵活多姿。例如下列五个句子的基本概念一样，但是句式不同，内容重点也有些差别：(1) The goats grazed peacefully in the farm and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (并列分句(1)+2)(2) Grazing peacefully, the goats in the farm were unaware of the approaching hunter. (现在分语短语+简单句)(3) In the farm, the goats grazed peacefully and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (副词短语+并列分句(1)-(2) )(4) There were goats grazing peacefully in the farm, unaware of the approaching hunter. (简单句+形容语短语)(5) As the goats grazed peacefully in the farm, they were unaware of the approaching hunter. (原因副词从句+主句)(6) The young pilot was on his first overseas training.(7) He felt very uneasy.(a) The young pilot on his first overseas training felt very uneasy.(b) The young pilot felt very uneasy during his first overseas training.(c) The young pilots first overseas training made him feel very uneasy.(d) Extreme uneasiness seized the young pilot on his first overseas training.(e) The young pilot was on his first overseas training, feeling very uneasy.(f) It being his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy.(g) Being on his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy.(h) The young pilot was on his first overseas training and felt very uneasy.(i) The young pilot, who was on his first overseas training, felt very uneasy.(j) When the young pilot was on his/first overseas trainging, he felt very uneasy.(k) As the young pilot was on his first overseas training, he felt very uneasy.(l) The young pilot was on his first overseas training, so that he felt very uneasy.在上述12个句子中，(a)-(g)是简单句；(h)是并列句；(i)-(l)是复杂句。简单句除(b)和(g)之外，其他五样，用的人并不多。人们最喜欢采用复杂句，尤其是(j)和(k)这两款；接着便是并列句(h)。如果大多数人的句子只限于(b),(g), (h), (j)和(k)这五种，而其他的则弃如敝屣，不是很可惜吗？ 直面人生危机题目：Throughout our life, we are more often than not faced with various crises. Confronting crises, different people respond differently. What is your attitude toward crises? Write an essay of about 400 words to state your view.参考范文：Crisis is to us what illness is to our body. Just as fatal disease can destroy our body and sometimes even put an end to our lives, so does smashing crisis knock us down so irrevocably and hopelessly that we might never have chance of standing up again. However, most crises that frequent us in life are not such category. They, like occasional ailments which sometimes can bolster our bodys immune system, are mostly minor and surmountable and therefore making us hardy enough to survive whatever adversities in our later life. Even those serious crises, if handled properly, can be turned to a blessing to us, too. A ready example that comes to mind is SARS crisis that has recently torn apart and ravaged most of China. Admittedly, it has cost us quite a lot. Some people suffered health damage and still some even lost their lives. And our economy suffers a temporary setback and a slowdown. However, we still have much to learn and are yet to exhaust listing legacies left by this crisis. Among them are: First, we are more concerned than ever before with our health, and the environment we live in, and above all, the vulnerable medical system and practice we have so long cherished and regarded as matter of course (have taken for granted). Also, we, all of sudden, realize otherwise not so obvious a truth that life is so infirm, feeble and precarious that if we somehow fail to take advantage of it right here and now, we may have no chance of even saying any words of love to our beloved, not to mention doing anything. Additionally, we tried and bettered and are still bettering our mechanism to respond to unexpected crises. These and other lessons and legacies brought about by blood, tear, toil and sweat are benefiting and continue to benefit us and generations of Chinese to come. As a well-known ancient Chinese notion goes, the past lessons if not buried in oblivion are mentors for us all. If we can bear in mind sufferings and ordeals we have experienced, then those of our compatriots who had died did not die in vain and our sufferings will not go unrewarded. 不靠运气，只靠努力？题目：When people succeed, it is because of hard work, Luck has nothing to do with success. Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above? Use specific and examples to explain your position.参考范文：When people succeed, it is because of hard work, but luck has a lot to do with it,too. Success without some luck is almost impossible. The French emperor Napoleon said of one of his generals, “I know hes good. But is he lucky?” Napoleon knew that all the hard work and talent in the world cant make up for bad luck. However, hard work can invite good luck.When it comes to success, luck can mean being in the right place to meet someone, or having the right skills to get a job done. It might mean turning down an offer and then having a better offer come along. Nothing can replace hard work, but working hard also means youre preparing yourself opportunity. Opportunity very often depends on luck.How many of the great inventions and discoveries came about through a lucky mistake or a lucky chance? One of the biggest lucky mistakes in history is Columbus so-called discovery of America. He enriched his sponsors and changed history, but he was really looking for India. However, Columbus chance discovery wasnt pure luck. It was backed up by years of studying and calculating. He worked hard to prove his theory that the world was round.Success that comes from pure luck and no hard work can be a real problem. For example, consider a teenage girl who becomes a movie star.Imagine shes been picked from nowhere because of her looks. She is going to feel very insecure, because she knows she didnt do anything to earn her stardom. On the other hand, think about an actress whos spend years learning and working at her craft. When she finally has good luck and becomes a success, she will handle stardom better, she knows she earns it.People who work hard help make their own luck by being ready opportunity knocks. When it comes to success. I think that hard work and luck so hand in hand.体育与图书馆，孰轻孰重？题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Universities should give the same amount of money to their students sports activities as they give to their university libraries. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.参考范文：I disagree strongly with the idea that the same amount of money should go to university sports activities as to university libraries. Although playing sports is a wonderful way to learn about teamwork, strategy and reaching your goals, it should not be the principal focus of a university education.Students need the most up-to-date library facilities available to get the best education. Many of those facilities are very expensive to buy and maintain. These include computerized programs and access to internet research databases that students can use to find information all around the world. If a university is only offering its students resources of a decade ago, its depriving those students of a tremendous amount of information.Even the book and magazine budget of universities has gone up tremendously in last decade. More is being published on every subject, and every university wants to have this information available to its students.It also costs money for universities to keep their libraries open. Students need to have access to all the libraries research tools as much of time as possible. Because students are young and can stay up all night studying, many universities are starting to leave their libraries open all night during exam periods. This costs money, because the staff has to be paid extra to be there. It also costs money to run the building (electricity, heat) during that time.Students at universities are only going to benefit from their education if they can get to all the tools they need to learn. Sports are secondary to the resources that students need from university libraries. For this reason, libraries should always be better funded than sport activities.人们为什么去博物馆？题目：Many people visit museums when they travel to new places. Why do you think people visit museums? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.参考范文：People love to visit museums when traveling to new places. I think this is because museums tell them a lot about the culture of those places. Museums are also fun. Its almost impossible to get bored in a museum. Every museum will have at least one thing of interest to somebody.When visiting someplace new, you can find out about the culture of that place in many ways. You can go to a movie or a place of worship or a nightclub. Another option is to sit in the park and listen to the people around you. The easiest way to learn about a places culture, though, is by visiting its museums. Museums will show you the history of the place youre visiting. Theyll show you what art the locals think is important.If there arent any museums, that tells you something, too.Museums are fun. Even if youre not interested in art or history, there is always something to get your attention. Many museums now have what they call hands-on exhibits. These were originally designed to keep children occupied while their parents were looking at exhibits. However, museums have found that adults enjoy hands-on opportunities just as much as children. These exhibits have activities like pushing a button to hear more about what youre looking at, creating your own work of art, or trying on clothes like those on the models in the museum.People also enjoy visiting museums about unusual subjects. For instance, in my hometown theres a museum devoted to the potato. This museum has art made out of potatoes. It also tells all about the history of the potato, and sells potato mementos like key chains and potato dolls.People enjoy visiting this museum because its different. Its not something theyd find in their hometown and the museums curator enjoy talking about the Great Potato.Museums are popular because they are about us. They reflect our creations, our values, and our dreams. No matter who you are or what you like, somewhere there is a museum that will amaze and interest you.家常菜VS下馆子题目：Some people prefer to eat at food stands or restaurants. Other people prefer to prepare and eat food at home. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.参考范文：Some people like to eat out at food stands and restaurants, while others like to prepare food at home. Often it depends on the kind of lifestyle people have. Those with very busy jobs outside the house dont always have time to cook. They like the convenience of eating out. Overall, though, it is cheaper and healthier to eat at home.While eating in restaurants is fast, the money you spend can add up. When I have dinner at restaurant with a friend, the bill is usually over twenty dollars. I can buy a lot of groceries with that much money. Even lunch at a fast-food stand usually costs five or six dollars for one person. Thats enough to feed the whole family at home.Eating at home is better for you, too. Meals at restaurants are often high in fat and calories, and they serve big plates of food-much more food than you need to eat at one meal. If you cook food at home, you have more control over the ingredients. You can use margarine instead of butter on your potatoes, or not put so much cheese on top of your pizza. At home, you can control your portion size. You can serve yourself as little as you want. In a restaurant, you may eat a full plate of food because you paid for it.Its true that eating out is convenient. You dont have to shop, or cook, or clean up. But real home cooking doesnt have to take a lot of time. There are lots of simple meals that dont take long to make. In fact, theyre faster than eating out, especially if you think of the time you spend driving to a restaurant, parking, waiting for a table, waiting for service, and driving home.Both eating at restaurants and cooking at home can be satisfying. Both can taste good and be enjoyed with family and friends. I prefer cooking at home because of the money and health issues, but people will make the choice that fits their lifestyle best. 逃课有理？题目：Some people believe that university students should be required to attend classes. Others believe that going to classes should be optional for students. Which point of view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer.参考范文：Some people may believe that going to classes should be optional, but I disagree. I dont understand how university students can expect to learn anything if they dont attend classes. Personal experience can help people learn about themselves and the world outside the classroom, but when it comes to learning about academic subjects, students need to be in class.In class they receive the benefit of the teachers knowledge. The best teachers do more than just go over the material in than class textbook. They draw their students into discussion of the material. They present opposing points of view. They schedule guest speakers to come, give the students additional information, or show documentary films on the subject.Also, attending classes on any subject teaches more than just facts. It teaches students how to learn, how to absorb information and then apply what theyve learned to other situations. Their teacher is the best one to help them with these skills. They cant learn them just by reading the textbook.Going to class also teaches students how to work with the other members of the class. Many times students will be given group assignments. This is different from what they did in secondary school. Here theyre with people from different backgrounds and experiences. In this situation, they learn how to handle working with people different from themselves to achieve a common goal.Going to class also teaches students responsibility and discipline. Having to be at a particular place at a particular time prepares them for getting a job. Being at a place on time with an assignment completed prepares them for a career.In short, by going to class students learn more than just information from the teacher. They also learn how to learn, how to work with others, and how to work responsibly. These are not optional skills in life, so attending classes should not be optional in college.好邻居的品质题目：Neighbors are the people who live near us. In your opinion, what are the qualities of a good neighbor? Use specific details and examples in your answer.参考范文：If you have a good neighbor, you are a lucky person. You have someone who cares about your needs and your property, who is helpful in the little day-to-day situations that come up, and who is supportive in times of crisis.A good neighbor is someone who, for instance, understands that your children may occasionally run across his lawn, even though you tell them not to. Hell realize that children can be careless about things like that, and he wont make a big fuss about it unless it becomes a regular thing. In the same vein, he knows that youll understand if some of the trash from his trash cans blows across into your yard. IN other words, he is sensitive to the unintentional things that can happen. He doesnt make a big deal about them.A good neighbor is also respectful of your property. For example, she asks your permission before doing anything that interferes with whats yours. This means she wouldnt plant a huge tree in between your houses without asking how you feel about it. If she wanted to put up a fence, she would let you know first. She might work with you to decide where it should be placed. Maybe the two of you would even split the cost.A good neighbor would lend you some milk if you ran out . Shed give you a ride to work if your car was broken, and let your children stay at her house in the evening if you got stuck working overtime. You would do the same for her. Both of you would help make the others life easier.When something really awful happens to you, like a death in the family, a good neighbor will volunteer to help in any way he ca