读写4 Comprehension of the text section A.doc

Unit 11.Whydoesthewritercompareanartistwhoseeksfametoadogchasingitsowntail?Becauselikeadogchasingitsowntail,whentheartistcapturesthefame,hedoesnotknowwhatelsetodobuttocontinuechasingit.2.Whatwillhappentoartistsiftheybecomebored?Theirworkbeginstoshowalackofcontinuityinitsappealanditbecomesdifficulttosustaintheattentionofthepublic.3.Whyisitpossibleforartiststolosesupportfromtheaudiencesiftheymakechangestotheirstyle?Becausethepublicdiscountsstylesotherthanthoseforwhichtheartistshavebecomefamous.4.Whatdofamouswriters,paintersandmoviemakershavetogiveupinordertomaintaintheirfameandfortune,accordingtothewriter?Theirfreedomtoexpressthemselveswithotherstylesorforms.5.Inwhichwayistheperformersimilartothepolitician,accordingtothewriter?Theyhavetoplease theiraudiencesbysayingthingstheydontmeanorfullybelieve.6. WhatdoesthewriterwanttoshowbygivinganexampleofOscarWildesuncompromisingbehavior?Artistspayaheavypriceforremainingtruetothemselves.7. Whatexplanationmayfailedartistsgivetothemselvesfortheirfailure?Theirgeniusistoosophisticatedforcontemporaryaudiences.8. WhyareThomasWolfe,Beethoven,Pestalozzi,andThomasEdisonmentionedinParagraph8?Toshowthatfailurehasmotivatedsomefamouspeopletoworkevenhardertosucceed.Unit 3.1.Whatdoesthewritermeanbysaying“Awelfareclientissupposedtocheat.Everybodyexpectsit.”？Hemeansthatawelfareclientisbelievedtolietogetextramoneyandpeopleknowit.2.Howhasthewriterchosetoliveasawelfareclient?Hehaschosentoliveanhonestlifebydrummingupsomebusinessoutsideanddrawingcartoonsformagazines.3.Whydothecaseworkersthinktheyareentitledtohaveclientsbowtothem?Becausetheyknowclearlythattheyarebeingmadefoolsofbysomeoftheirclients,andtheyfeeltheyareentitledtohaveclientsbowtothemascompensation.4.Whatisthewritersattitudetowardcaseworkers?Hedoesntthinkthosecaseworkersaretoblame,soheisntbeingbitter.5. Whydidthecaseworkersbecome“detectives”accordingtothewriter? Becausethewelfaresystempracticallyrequirespeopletolie.6.Howcouldtheauthorpossiblygethiswheelchairrepaired?HehadtocallacaseworkerhecalledSuzannefirst.Aftergivingalittlelecture,Suzanne,was,supposedtonotifythemedicalworker,whowouldcertifythattherewasaproblem.Thenthemedicalworkercalledthewheelchairrepaircompaniestogetthecheapestbid.Thenthemedical,workeralertedthemainwelfareoffice.Theyconsideredthematterfordaysbeforecallingback,andapprovingtherepair,ifhewaslucky.7.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofthecurrentwelfaresystem?Hethinksthatthesystemsoeasilylendsitselftoabusebythewelfaregiversaswellasbytheclients.8.Whatkindofnewwelfaresystemdoestheauthordreamof?Hedreamsofanewsystemthatwillencouragetheclientsandhelpthemtodeveloptheirtalents,ratherthanseektoconvictthemofcheating.Unit 41. Accordingtothewriter,whatwouldhappenifthetransformationunderdiscussiontakesplace?Thelivingstandardsinthedevelopingworldwillbegreatlyimproved.2.Whatdoesthewritermeanbydescribingplacesas“deafanddumb”?Thewriterreferstothoseplaceswithouttelecommunicationsfacilitiessuchastelephones,wherethereislittleexchangeofinformation.3. Whyareadvancedcommunicationsseenasawaytoleapoverwholestagesofeconomicdevelopment?Becauseadvancedcommunicationsandsubsequentwidespreadaccesstoinformationtechnologiesenablethedevelopingregionstoshortentheprocessofchangingfromlabor-intensiveassemblyworktoindustriesthatinvolveengineering,marketinganddesign.4. WhydosomeexpertsbelieveitisinappropriateforVietnamtorequirethatitsmobilephonesallbeexpensivedigitalmodels?Becausetheybelieveitisinbadneedofanyphonesanditlacksexperienceinweighingcostsandchoosingbetweentechnologies.5.WhathasHungarydonetoquickenitsstepsintothemodernworld?First,itsolda30%stakeinitsnationalphonecompanytotwoWesterncompaniestoovercometheproblemoffundsandtoquickentheimportofWesterntechnology.Second,ithasleasedrightstoaDutch-Scandinaviangroupofcompaniestobuildandoperateanadvanceddigitalmobilephonesystem.6. Whatisoneofthemostpopularwaysmentionedinthepassagetoboostaphonesystemindevelopingcountries?Andwhy?Wireless.Foritscheapertobuildradiotowersthantostringlinesacrossmountainridgesanditisareliableservice.7.WhycanwirelessphoneprovidersmakemoreprofitsinLatinAmerica?PartofthereasonisthatcustomerstheretalktwotofourtimesaslongonthephoneaspeopleinNorthAmerica.8.WhyaremobilephonespopularamongbusinesspeopleinThailand?Becausemobilephonesmakeitpossibleforthemtokeepcontactwitheachotherevenwhentheyarecaughtinthetrafficjams.Unit 61.Why do students sometimes feel surprised when they find business ethics are included in the content of their business course? Because they dont know how serious the problem of bribery is.2. What will the manager of a company do if he decides to give up his principles in a negotiation with some government officials? He will probably bribe the officials. 3.Why are practices such as paying agents and purchasers an exaggerated commission, and offering additional discounts described as “questionable”?Because these practices are likely to be morally wrong and may be certain forms of bribery.4. What might individuals from a foreign company do if they want to sell arms to a country? They might make large payments to ruling families or their close advisers, or make donations to party bank accounts. 5.What does “a copy with a preface” mentioned in Paragraph 7 refer to? It refers to a rare edition of a book with $20,000 slipped within its pages.6.What efforts has the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) made to prevent bribery? It has proposed a council to manage a code of conduct, which can distinguish between commissions paid for real services and exaggerated fees that really amount to bribes. 7.Has the ICC finally taken action to prohibit bribery? Why or why not? No. Because its members have different opinions about the duties of the ICC.8.Can you give some examples mentioned in the text to show that “industry is caught in a web of bribery? Yes. More than 300 U.S. companies, for example, admitted that they had made questionable payments.Unit7 1.WhatdoesTheHistoryandGeographyofHumanGenesconclude?Thebookconcludesthatdespitesurfacefeatures,the“races”areremarkablyalikeundertheskin.2. Whocreatedthefirstgeneticmapoftheworld?LucaCavalli-Sforza,aStanfordprofessor,andhiscolleagues.3.Wheredidthescientistsfindtheinformationtodrawaglobalfamilytree?Inhumanblood,becausevariousproteinsserveasmarkerstorevealapersonsgneticmakeup.4.WhydidpeopleassumethatAustraliasnativepeoplewerecloselyrelatedtoblackAfricans?Whatdothediscoveriesmadebythescientistsshow?Becausetheysharesuchsuperficialcharacteristicsasskincolorandbodyshape.Butthe discoveriesindicatethatAustraliansaremostdistantfromtheAfricansan mostcloselyresembletheSoutheastAsians.5.WhatelsedoesthegeneticmapoftheworldshowusaboutAfrica?ItconfirmsthatAfricawasthebirthplaceofhumanityandthusthestartingpointoftheoriginalhumanmovements.6.WhatdoesthegeneticmapshowaboutKhoisanpeople?ItshowsthattheKhoisanmaybeaveryancientmixofwestAsiansandblackAfricans,ratherthanbeingdirectlydescendedfromthemostprimitivehumanancestors,andthattheirbreedinggroundliesinEthiopia.7.Accordingtogeneticinformation,areEuropeanspureormixed?AllEuropeansarethoughttobeamixedpopulation,with65%Asianand35%Africangenes.8.Whatistheultimateaimofthestudyconductedbythescientists?Theultimateaimistoweakenconventionalnotionsofracethatcauseracialprejudice. Unit 101. Why does the writer believe that judgment rather than knowledge is the most important contribution employees make to their companies?Because he believes that knowledge is useless until it is applied. And application of knowledge takes judgment.2. What stuff do intelligent but flexible people lack according to Daniel Goleman?The ability to adapt./The adaptive skills.3. What is the writers suggestion for people who want to develop their emotional intelligence?Accept a highly personal practice to improve the four adaptive skills: raising consciousness, using imagery, considering and reconsidering events to choose the most creative response to them and integrating the perspectives of others.4. What should people do to raise their consciousness according to the writer?Thinking differently on purpose. It involves noticing what you are feeling and thinking and escaping the conditioned confines of ones past.5. Why do Olympic ski racers close