汉译英历史文化词汇.doc

中华文明 Chinese civilization 文明摇篮 cradle of civilization华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors 秦始皇帝First Emperor, Emperor Chin皇太后 Empress Dowager汉高祖刘邦 founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)成吉思汗 Genghis Khan ; Temujin夏朝 Xia Dynasty明清两代 (of) Ming and Qing dynasties地名：特别注意四川和陕西拼法四川 Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan陝西 Shaanxi四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China火药gunpowder印刷术 printing造纸术 paper-making指南针 the compass汉字 Chinese character单音节 single syllable汉语四声调 the four tones of Chinese characters阴平level tone阳平 rising tone上声 falling-rising tone去声falling tone四书 the Four Books大学The Great Learning中庸 The Doctrine of the Mean论语The Analects of Confucius孟子 The Mencius春秋the Spring and Autumn Annals史记Historical Records诗经 The Books of Songs；The Book of Odes书经 The Books of History易经I Ching; The Book of Changes礼记The Book of Rites孝经Book of Filial Piety孙子兵法The Art of War三字经 The Three-Character Scripture；The Three-Word Chant三国演义Three Kingdoms西游记 Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West红楼梦 Dream of the Red Mansions山海经 The Classic of Mountains and Rivers资治通鉴History as a Mirror；Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers西厢记The Romance of West Chamber水浒传Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin聊斋志异 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio; Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio围城 Fortress Besieged阿Q正传 The True Story of Ah Q五言绝句five-character quatrain七言律诗seven-character octave八股文eight-part essay; stereotyped writing重要文化遗产major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术outstanding folk arts文物cultural relics中国画traditional Chinese painting书法calligraphy水墨画Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting工笔traditional Chinese realistic painting中国结Chinese knot旗袍Cheongsam中山装Chinese tunic suit唐装 traditional Chinese garments (clothing)，Tang suit朝廷使者royal court envoy文人men of letters雅士 refined scholars表演艺术performing art现代流行艺术popular art, pop art纯艺术 high art高雅艺术refined art电影艺术cinematographic art戏剧艺术theatrical art才子佳人gifted scholars and beautiful ladies生 (男性正面角色)male (the positive male role)旦 (女性正面角色)female (the positive female role)净 (性格鲜明的男性配角)a supporting male role with striking character丑 (幽默滑稽或反面角色)a clown or a negative role花脸painted role歌舞喜剧musical滑稽场面, 搞笑小噱头shtick滑稽短剧skit京剧人物脸谱Peking Opera Mask皮影戏shadow play; leather-silhouette show说书story-telling叠罗汉 make a human pyramid折子戏opera highlights踩高跷stilt walk哑剧 pantomime; mime哑剧演员pantomimist戏剧小品skit马戏circus show单口相声monologue comic talk, standup comedy特技表演stunt相声witty dialogue comedy, comic cross talk杂技 acrobatics京韵大鼓the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment秦腔Shaanxi opera武术martial art 功夫kung fu武术门派 styles or schools of martial art习武健身 practice martial art for fitness气功 qigong, deep breathing exercises拳击boxing 篆刻 seal cutting upriteous工艺, 手艺 workmanship / craftsmanship 卷轴scroll蜡染batik 泥人 clay figure漆画lacquer painting 唐三彩Trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝cloisonn 文房四宝 The four stationery treasures of the Chinese study - a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper民间传说 folklores寓言fable传说 legend神话mythology古为今用,洋为中用 make the past serve the present and the foreign serve china赋诗inscribe a poem对对联matching an antithetical couplet阳历solar calendar公历Gregorian calendar阴历 lunar calendar天干heavenly stem地支earthly branch闰年leap year二十四节气the twenty-four solar terms十二生肖the twele Chinese zodiac signs本命年 ones year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches传统节日traditional holidays春节 the Spring Festival元宵节 the Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month)清明节 the Pure Brightness Festival / the Tomb-sweeping Day (A