留学生汉语教学大纲.doc

留学生汉语教学大纲南京医科大学国际教育学院School of International EducationNanjing Medical University2005年12月汉语教学大纲（综合课）The Syllabus for Chinese language (comprehensive lesson)总则General通过一年的教学，帮助包括零基础的初级阶段学生掌握汉语普通话的语音，熟练使用汉语拼音，了解汉语的基本语法结构，掌握2500个以上的常用词和200个左右的语法点。听、说、读、写方面的综合能力达到进入中国高等院校理、工、农、西医类本科学习的最低汉语能力标准。具体而言，在听的能力上能基本理解语速为每分钟120字左右、不含或者少含生词和新语法现象的内容，能在具体语境中听懂日常生活的基本谈话。在说的能力上能用汉语进行日常生活中基本的交际，能较准确地表述自己的意图。在叙述具体事情时，语句的错误率在30%以下。在读的能力上，借助工具书，阅读生词及新语法现象量在20%以内，字数在500以上的各类文章，阅读速度不低于每分钟100字。在写的能力上，初步了解汉字构造，能以正确笔顺写出学过的生词。能写出不低于300字，病句较少的短文。The objective of this Chinese course is to help beginners grasp the pronunciation of Chinese, skillfully use Pinyin, understand the basic grammar and structure in Chinese, know more than 2,500 frequently used characters and roughly 200 grammar points. The students overall ability in listening, speaking, reading and writing should reach the basic level of Chinese which enables them to pursue their study in China colleges whatever in natural science, engineering course, agriculture and medical science.To go into detail, students should, by and large, be able to understand material spoken at a speed of about 120 characters per minute which doesnt involve or hardly involves unfamiliar words and newly-arising grammars. They are expected to follow, in specific situations, everyday conversations in Chinese. As for speaking ability, students should be able to carry out basic communications in Chinese in daily life and to express themselves clearly. Their errors in talking should be kept under 30% of all. For reading ability, students should be able to, with the help of reference books, read Chinese text of more than 500 characters, the content of which involves less than 20% unfamiliar words and newly-arising grammars. Their reading speed should attain at least 100 characters per minute. For writing ability, students should be able to understand the basic structure of Chinese characters, to write familiar characters in correct stroke order and to complete a short composition of no less than 300 characters with few mistakes. 第一课 你好Lesson 1 Hello教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements掌握所学的声母和韵母发音，会拼合，会读四声，掌握上声变调。能将“你好”运用于交际。Grasp the articulation and combination of the initials and finals, can read the four tones of Chinese, grasp the modulation of the 3rd tone. Make communicative dialogues with “你好”学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1声母：b p m f d t n l g k h发音及拼合2. 韵母：a o e i u ai ei ao ou发音及拼合3. 汉语的四个声调4. 上声变调：两个第三声连读时第一个三声变成第二声5. 课文1. Initials: b p m f d t n l g k h, their articulation and combination2. Finals: a o e i u ai ei ao ou, their articulation and combination3. Tones of Chinese Putonghua4. Modulation of the 3rd tone: when a 3rd tone is immediately followed by another 3rd one, the first one read as the 2nd tone5. Text第二课 汉语不太难Lesson 2 Chinese language is not too difficult教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements掌握所学的声母和韵母发音，会拼合，会读轻声。Grasp the articulation and combination of the initials and finals, learn to articulate the neutral tone学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1. 韵母：an en ang eng ong发音及拼合2. 轻声的概念：一定条件下又短又轻的声调，并非第五声3. 轻声的词：爸爸 妈妈 哥哥 弟弟 妹妹4. 半上声: 第三声音节后面跟第一、二、四声和轻声音节时，读半三声5. 课文1. Finals: an en ang eng ong, their articulation and combination2. The neutral tone: Toneless and light-short pronounced syllables, it is not the 5th tone3. The neutral tone words: 爸爸 妈妈 哥哥 弟弟 妹妹4. The half 3rd tone: A 3rd-tone syllable is immediately followed by a 1st, 2nd, 4th or neutral tone syllable, only the first half of the tone is read5. Text第三课 谢谢Lesson 3 Thanks教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements掌握所学的声母和韵母发音，会拼合。能够运用课文对话表达感谢和告别。Grasp the articulation and combination of the initials and finals, make dialogues of appreciation and farewell with the sentence patterns from the text学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1. 声母：j q x发音及拼合2. 韵母：i ia ie iao iou(iu) ian in iang ing iong发音及拼合3. “不”的变调4. 课文5. 感谢和告别的交际训练1. Initials: j q x, their articulation and combination2. Finals: i ia ie iao iou(iu) ian in iang ing iong, their articulation and combination3.Modulation of“不”: when“不”is immediately followed by another 4th-tone syllable, it is articulated as the 2nd tone4. Text5. Communication practice: Appreciation and farewell第四课 你去哪儿Lesson 4 Where will you go?教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements掌握所学的声母和韵母发音，会拼合。能够运用课文对话询问日期。Grasp the articulation and combination of the initials and finals, make dialogues of inquiring about the date with sentence patterns from the text学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1. 声母：z c s发音及拼合2. 韵母：i er ua uo uai uei(ui) uan(un) uang ueng发音及拼合 3. 儿化：后缀“儿”与其前一音节的韵母结合成一个音节，使该韵母带上卷舌音色的特殊音变现象4. 课文5. 一周七天的名称（星期一至星期天）的交际训练1. Initials: z c s, their articulation and combination2. Finals: i er ua uo uai uei(ui) uan(un) uang ueng, their articulation and combination3. Retroflex finals: “er” forms a retroflex syllable in combination with its previous finals4. Text5. Communication practice on the name of the seven days of a week第五课 这是什么书Lesson 5 Whats this book?教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements掌握所学的声母和韵母发音，会拼合。会写要求的汉字。Grasp the articulation and combination of the initials and finals, learn to write the words required学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1. 声母：zhi chi shi发音及拼合2. 韵母：i发音及拼合3. 课文4. 用“这是”进行陈述及提问的交际训练1. Initials: zhi chi shi, their articulation and combination2. Finals: i, its articulation and combination3. Text4. Communication practice on using “这是”to ask question and to construct indicative sentence第六课 这是王老师Lesson 6 This is teacher Wang教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements复习前五课的声韵母，运用课文对话进行介绍和接待Review the Pinyin studied in previous five lessons, make dialogues of introduction and welcome with sentence patterns from the text学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1. 复习全部的汉语拼音2. 综合复习前六课课文3. 介绍、接待的交际训练1. Review Pinyin2. Review text from lesson 1 to lesson 63. Communication practice on introduction and welcome第七课 我学习汉语Lesson 7 I study Chinese 教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements掌握轻声词汇，进一步掌握上声变调，运用课文对话询问和回答姓名和国籍Grasp the neutral tone words, further study on the modulation of the 3rd tone, make dialogues of inquiring about name and nationality with sentence patterns from the text. 学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1. 上声变调：两个第三声相连，第一个读成第二声2. 轻声词汇3. 课文4. 个人姓名和国籍询问的交际训练1. Modulation of the 3rd tone: two 3rd tones join together, the first one read as the 2nd tone2. The neutral tone words3. Text4. Communication practice on name and nation inquiry第八课 你吃什么Lesson 8: What do you want to eat?教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements掌握“一”的变调，了解量词“个”，运用课文对话进行点菜Grasp the modulation of “一”, know the quantifier “个”, make dialogues of ordering food with sentence patterns from the text.学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1. “一”的变调，同时复习“不”的变调2. 量词“个”3. 课文4. “你吃什么” 点菜的交际训练1. Modulation of “一”: If followed by the 1st ,2nd 0r 3rd tone, “一”is pronounced as the 4th tone; if is followed by a 4th tone, it will be read as the 2nd tone. Review the modulation of “不”2. Quantifier “个”3. Text4. Communication practice on ordering dishes第九课 苹果多少钱一斤Lesson 9 How much are a Jin of apples?教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements掌握语气助词“了”，了解常见水果名称，运用课文对话进行购物Grasp the modal particle “了”, know the names of familiar fruits, make dialogues of shopping with sentence patterns from the text 学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1. 语气助词“了”2. 课文3. 人民币的名称、问价还价用语、常用水果名称4. 购物的交际训练1. Modal particle “了”2. Text3. Par value of RMB, bidding and dickering diction, name of familiar fruit 4. Communication practice on shopping第十课 我换人民币Lesson 10 I change RMB教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements了解请求的表达，感谢及应答，运用课文对话学会换钱Know how to make a request and express appreciation, make dialogues of exchanging money with sentence patterns from the text 学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1. “不”的变调的复习；三个连续上声的读法：前两个读第二声，第三个不变2. 请求的表达：“我换钱”、“请等一会儿”、“请数数”3. “谢谢”、“不客气”4. 课文5. 银行换钱的交际训练1. The exercise of the modulation of “不” The pronunciation of three immediately followed 3rd tone: The first two should be changed into the 2nd tone and the last one remains unchanged2. Request: “我换钱”(I change money), “请等一会儿”(please wait a moment), “请数数”(please count)3. “谢谢”（thanks）, “不客气”（that all right）4. Text5. Communication practice on changing money in the bank第十一课 他住哪儿Lesson 11 Where does he live?教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements掌握动词谓语句的语序和汉语号码的读法，运用课文对话询问地址、电话号码Grasp the word order of the sentence with a verb as its predicate, grasp the enumeration in Chinese, make dialogues of inquiry about address and telephone number with sentence patterns from the text 学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1、汉语的语序：主语+谓语；主语+谓语+宾语；主语+状语+谓语+宾语；主语+状语+谓语+定语+宾语2. 动词谓语句：动词是谓语主要成分的句子3. 汉语号码的读法：电话号码、门牌号码4. 课文5. 问住址、电话的交际训练1. The word order of ChineseSubject + PredicateSubject + Predicate + ObjectSubject + Adverbial + Predicate + ObjectSubject + Adverbial + Predicate + Attribute + Object2. The sentence with a verb as its predicate, in such sentence verb is the main element 3. Enumeration in Chinese: Telephone numbers, house numbers4. Text5. Communication practice on how to inquire about address and telephone number第十二课 您身体好吗？Lesson 12 How is your health?教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements掌握所学量词的搭配，运用课文对话表达问候Grasp the collocation of the quantifier, make dialogues of exchanging greetings with sentence patterns from the text学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1. 问候的表达2. 课文3. 句子语序的复习4. 问候的交际训练1. How to exchange greetings2. Text3. Review the word order4. Communication practice on exchanging greetings第十三课 我们都是留学生Lesson 13 We are all overseas students教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements掌握状语的位置，运用课文对话进行介绍Grasp the adverbials and their place in the sentence，make dialogues of introduction with sentence patterns from the text学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1. 疑问句型（1）：陈述句+吗？2. 状语、状语的位置3. 副词“也”、“都”作状语4. 课文5. 介绍、道歉的交际训练1. Interrogation (1): Indicative sentence + 吗？2. The adverbials and their place in a sentence: The modifying element before verbs and adjectives are called adverbials3. The adverbs “也”(also), “都”(all/both) functioning as adverbials4. Text5. Communication practice on introduction and apology第十四课 你在哪儿学习Lesson 14 Where do you study?教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements掌握介宾短语在句子中的位置，定语的位置，运用疑问代词提问Grasp the place of the preposition-object phrase and the place of the attribute in a sentence, use interrogative pronouns to ask questions学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1. 疑问句型（2）:用疑问代词提问的特殊疑问句 这类句型用“谁”、“哪儿”、“怎么”、“多少”等疑问代词询问具体信息2. 定语、定义的位置、定语的标志“的”3. “在”、“给”，介宾短语作状语4. 课文5. 提问与回答的交际训练1. Interrogation (2): Questions with interrogative pronounsSuch sentence uses“谁”( who),“哪儿” (where), “怎么”(how), “多少”(how many) to ask specific information2. The attributes and their place in a sentence; the formal indicator of the attribute: “的”3. Prepositional phrase headed with“在”, “给”functioning as an adverbial4. Text5. Communication practice on inquiry and answer第十五课 这个箱子很重Lesson 15 This box is very heavy教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements掌握形容词谓语句，了解“的”字短语的用法，运用“这是”、“那是”进行陈述Grasp the sentence with an adjectival predicate, grasp the function of the “的”-phrase, use“这是” and “那是” to construct indicative sentence学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1. 形容词谓语句2. 疑问句型（3）：正反问3. “的”字词组：“形容词+的”在句中起名词作用4. 课文5. 用“这是”、“那是”进行陈述的交际训练1. The sentence with and adjectival predicate2. Interrogation (3): The affirmative-negative question A affirmative-negative question is one in which the affirmative and negative form of main element of the predicate are paralleled 3. “的”-phrase: “adjective + 的” function as a noun in a sentence4. Text5. Communication practice on sentence started with“这是”,“那是”第十六课 你的车是新的还是旧的Lesson 16 Is your bike new or old?教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements掌握用“呢”提问，运用“怎么样”表达问候Grasp to ask questions with “呢”, make dialogues of greetings with “怎么样”学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1. 疑问句型（4）：选择问2. 疑问句型（5）：省略问：使用语气助词“呢”3. 主谓谓语句：主谓短语作谓语的句型4. 课文5. 问候的交际训练6. 存车的交际训练1. Interrogation (4): Alternative questions with “还是”(or)If there are two or more possibilities about the answer, we use such alternative questions2. Interrogation (5): Elliptical questions with “呢?”3. The sentence with a subject-predicate phrase as its predicate4. Text5. Communication practice on exchanging greetings6. Communication practice on how to keep ones bicycle第十七课 你们公司有多少职员Lesson 17 How many employees are there in your company教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements掌握“几个”、“多少”的用法，运用课文对话介绍自己的家庭Grasp the usage of “几个”，“多少”, make dialogues of introducing ones family with sentence patterns from the text学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1. “有”字句：表示领有肯定式：A+有+B否定式：A+没有+B2. “几个”、“多少”的用法3. “二”和“两”的区别4. 称数法5. 课文1. The “有”sentence: Such sentence can express possessionThe affirmative form: A+有+BThe negative form: A+没有+B2. The usage of “几个” and “多少”3. The difference usage of “二” and “两”4. Enumeration5. Text第十八课 我的房间Lesson 18 My room教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements运用课文对话介绍自己的房间Make dialogues of introducing ones room学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1. “是”字句、“有”字句、形容词谓语句2. 疑问句型的交错练习3. 课文1. The “是” sentence and the “有” sentence; The sentence with an adjectival predicate2. Practice on interrogations3. Text第十九课 你常去图书馆吗？Lesson 19 Do you often go the library?教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements掌握时间状语，了解“还是”、“或者”的区别，运用课文对话介绍自己的日常活动Grasp the temporal adverbials, know the difference between “还是” and “或者”, make dialogues of introducing ones daily activities with sentence patterns from the text学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1. 时间状语2. “还是”、“或者”：“还是”用于疑问句，“或者”用于陈述句；“我们”、“咱们”；“吧”的语气：请求或建议，同意和应答“跟”引导的介宾短语3. 课文1. Temporal words as adverbials2. “还是” and “或者”: “还是”is used in alternative questions while “或者”is used in indicative sentences.The difference between “我们”and“咱们”The modal particle “吧”at the end of a sentence imply a suggestive, inquisitive or agreeing toneThe “跟+ object” structure: As a prepositional phrase, it is used as adverbials in sentence and means “with”3. Text第二十课 他在做什么呢？Lesson 20 What is he doing?教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements掌握动作的正在进行，运用“怎么+动词”提问Grasp the progression of an act which is signified by the adverb “在”、“正在”or “正”, use “怎么+verb” to ask questions学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1. 动作的正在进行：在、正在、正2. “怎么+动词”提问3. 双宾语句4. 课文1. The progression of an act is signified by the adverb “在”、“正在” or “正”2. Inquiring about the manner of an act: “怎么+verb”3. The double-object sentence: The first object is called the indirect object, the second one is the direct object4. Text第二十一课 我去邮局寄包裹Lesson 21 I go to the post office to mail a package.教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements掌握连动句Grasp the sentence with verb constructions in series. 学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1. 连动句：“到做”，“用做”，表达目的和方式的两种基本类型2. 课文3. 表达目的和方式的交际性训练1. The sentence with verb constructions in series: Basic structures to indicate the purpose of an act and how something is done: “到做”，“用做”2. Text3. Communication practice on how to express ones purpose or way of doing things第二十二课 我看看皮大衣Lesson 22 I want to have a look at the leather coat教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements了解动词的重叠，人民币的单位，运用课文对话购物Grasp the reduplication of verbs and the monetary unit of RMB, make dialogues of shopping with sentence patterns from the text学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1. 动词的重叠：表达轻松的语气，说明动作短且时间短2. “又又”的用法：表示同时存在的条件或状况3. “一点儿”和“有点儿”的区别4. “太了”表示不满，极少数时候表示赞叹5. 人民币的单位6. 课文7. 购物的交际训练1. The reduplication of verbs is used to express the casual and relaxed tone of the speaker which implys the shortness (of time) or slightness of an act.2. the usage of “又又”: Denoting simultaneous existing two condition or state 3. The difference between “一点儿”and“有点儿”4. The structure“太了”to express dissatisfaction or, in few cases, compliment5. The monetary unit of RMB6. Text7. Communication practice on shopping 第二十三课 你的生日是几月几号Lesson 23 When is your birthday?教学目标与要求Objectives and Requirements掌握名词谓语句，了解年月日的表达习惯，运用课文对话询问年龄Grasp the sentence with a nominal predicate, know the usage of expressing the year, month and date, make dialogues of inquiring about ones age with sentence patterns from the text学时分配Distribution of Teaching Hours4学时4 teaching hours教学内容Contents1. 名词谓语句：没有判断词“是”，由名词直接作谓语，用以表达时间、价格、数量、籍贯、年龄等2. 年月日的表达习惯3. 疑问句型（6）：用疑问语气提问4. 课文5. 问年龄的交际训练1. The sentence with a nominal predicate: subject(s)+ predicate(n) “是”is not used before the