大学综合英语第一册Unit_4.docx

Unit 41. turn away: refuse to help (sb.) or allow (sb.) to enter a place He turned all the applicants away. 他拒绝让无票的观众入场。He turned away the audience who didnt have the tickets. turn down 拒绝；调低turn in 交还，上交turn into 使变成turn off 关；拐弯turn out 生产，制造；证明，结果turn over 仔细考虑turn up 出现，来到；开大，调大 2. work out: plan; solve; calculateTheyve worked out a method of sending a spacecraft to the space.The accountant has worked out your share of the expense at 1,000 yuan.3. weekly 1). adj. happening once a week or every weekHe thinks his weekly wage of 100 yuan is enough.2). adv. once a week; every week; by the week21世纪报每周出版一次。21st Century is published weekly.3). n. a publication issued once a week Business Weekly 商业周刊 Publishers Weekly (美)出版商周刊 a twice weekly 半周刊4. do with1) (used in questions with what) deal with Tell me what you did with yourself this week. The child didnt know what to do with himself for excitement. 2) tolerate我不能忍受他和他的无礼。I cant do with him and his impoliteness.3) (often with could, can) desire I could do with a cup of tea.Collocations:do withoutdo away withhave something to do withhave nothing to do with5. determination: (uncountable n, often followed by to) He has great determination to learn English well. be determined to The government is determined to bring down inflation. determineThe court determined that the man was guilty. We determined to go to the railway station at once. 6. personnel 1. 人力的，人事的(/u/ n, used with a singular or plural verb) Personnel has/have received your application form. Her first job after graduation was in Personnel at Microsoft.2. all the persons working in an organization, in the army, etc. (used with a plural verb) All personnel in this company are entitled to medical insurance. A modern army needs highly skilled personnel.7. capacity: n.1) the ability to understand or do sth.(often followed by for or infinitive to)His capacity for remembering things is interesting.I dont think its within a five-year-old boys capacity to spread computer viruses.2) the ability to hold or contain sth., the maximum amount that can be containedThe trunk is filled to capacity. CF: capacity, ability, capability & proficiency这些词都可以表示“能力”的意思。capacity 用于物时，指容纳接受的能力，如容积、容量、生产能力；用于人时，指潜在的能力，多用于才智、道德，尤指接受能力、领悟性、敏感性等。ability 既指天赋的能力， 也指培养造就而获得的本领；主要用于人，指已经表现出来的实际能力，尤指人的思维能力。capability 较多用于人，指胜任某项工作的能力、本领。proficiency 正式用语，带有技术性，指对业务的精通和熟练。1.Her mental _ is very great.2.The film is beyond the _ of the children.3. _ in several foreign languages is needed for work as a travelers guide.4.He has the _ of solving practical problems.8. skilled: adj.1) having skill; trained; experienced a skilled worker 技术熟练的工人She was skilled in/at dealing with all sorts of people.2) needing skill skilled work 技术性工作CF: skilled & skillfulskilled, skillful 表示“有技术的，熟练的”时可以互换，但skilled 通常是指受过正规训练，有多年实践经验而掌握某项专门技术。skillful 是指人聪明，做事很灵巧，尤指手的灵巧。He is a skilled/skillful surgeon.罗斯的父亲是个熟练的机械师，因而她也很会修理自行车。Roses father is a skilled mechanic so she has become skillful at repairing bicycles too.9. call on1) visit sb. for a short time Ill call on him tomorrow.2) summon; appeal 他们号召全市工人支持这次罢工。They called on the workers of the city to support the strike.3) invite; require The host of the party called on the Chairman to speak.call for 邀约；要求；需要call off 取消call up 打电话；召集；使人想起call in 顺路到某处；收回10. loan1) vt. lend (loan sb. sth., loan sth. to sb.)The bank loaned me some money.The artist loaned her pictures to the museum.2) n. a. sth. lent, esp. a sum of moneyThe dictionary is a loan, not a gift.Does the loan carry any interest?b. the act of lending (used in singular, followed by of)May I have the loan of your typewriter?ask for the loan of 请求借用have the loan of 借 on loan 出借的a domestic (foreign) loan 内（外）债a loan for consumption 消费贷款 a loan on security 担保贷款a gift (interest-free) loan 无息贷款 a long-term loan 长期贷款a mortgage loan 抵押贷款, 抵押借款11. character: n. 1). the particular collection of qualities that make sb./sth. different from others He has a strong but gentle character. 品质的培养应是教育的重点。 Character building should be the main point of education.2). person in a play, movie, etc. I find all the characters in his new play very real.3). letter, sign or mark used in a system of writing or printing The characters in Chinese writing look like small pictures.CF: character, characteristic, feature & personality 这些词都是名词，都有“性格”、“品质”、“特征”的意思。character 指成年人已经充分发展的生活方式，而且往往与品格有关。characteristic 指某物的任何方面，不涉及全局的重要性，但常指有代表性的一个侧面，常用于科技领域。feature 通常指外貌的特征或特别的、附加的、有吸引力的东西。 personality 偏重指一个人表现出来的无法明确阐述的整个情绪方面的特点，不与形容词连用时表示情感上的吸引力。 1. An aquiline nose was her best _. 鹰钩鼻是她最明显的特征。2. He can read a guys _ at the first glance. 他一眼就可以看出一个人的品质。3. He has character but no _. 他有性格但没有个性。4. A psychological report lists every possible _ being studied. 一份心理学报告列举了研究对象所有可能有的特性。 12. send for: ask for the arrival of I was seriously ill and my father had to send for a doctor. There was an accident, have you sent for the police?13. hunt: v.1) search thoroughly (for )hunt for a job警察在山中搜索逃犯。The police are hunting for the escaped criminal in the mountain.2). go after (wild animals) for food or sport We often go out hunting in the holiday.14. abandon: v. give up completely and foreverThe cruel father abandoned his newborn daughter.One of my classmates had to abandon the trip because of his fathers illness.15. property: n. 1). land, buildings or both together (地产) Little property was left in the small country after the war./ A lot of property in the city was destroyed in the war.2). the thing or things that sb. owns (财产，资产) The factory is my uncles private property. public property 公共财产 personal property 动产 real property 不动产 16. sponsor1) v. support by giving money, encouragement or other helpThe exhibition was sponsored by the Society of Culture.一些大公司赞助了这次的时装表演。Some large companies sponsored this fashion show.2) n. one who puts forward or guarantees a proposal China is the sponsor country of 2008 Olympic Games. NBA announced a handful of new sponsors last Tuesday.17. approach 1) .v. come near or nearer to The boys had approached the tunnel when they played the game. The performance approaches perfection. approach sb. for请求 Will you approach the bank for a loan?2). n. way; the action of coming near Everyone has his own approach to study. Our approach (to the birds) frightened the birds away.18. handle: 1) .v. a. manage; control How to handle the contradiction correctly among the people is important to steady development. handle yourself=control yourself b. touch, lift, or hold with the hands Wash your hands before you handle the white paper.2). n. a part that is designed to be held or operated with the hand The handle is not well fixed/is made of bronze. handlebar moustache 八字须19. above all: most important of all He was concerned above all with the truth of the accident.Collocation:after all 毕竟, 终究, 归根结底at all 完全, 全然first of all 首先in all 总计；总的说来 all but 几乎, 差一点；除外全部all in all 总之 20. balance: n 1) a remainder a bank balance 银行余额 The balance of the wages