独家推荐中考巧记高分过去分词规则.doc

过去分词构成1 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed ”。（然而要注意的是，过去分词并不是过去式）work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited(2)以不发音的“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d ”。live-lived-lived(3)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ed ”。study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried,try-tried-tried,fry-fried-fried.(4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped,drop-dropped-dropped特例：有两类动词本身应该直接加“ed”，但由于历史习惯，依旧要双写最后一个字母，再加“ed”。以“元音字母+l”非重读结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写“l,再加“ed”。例如cancelcancelled，dialdialled。另外还有一些以非重读闭音节结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加“ed”。例如：kidnapkidnapped，worshipworshipped。而上述两种情况在美国一般却直接加“ed”。(5)、以ic结尾的动词，要把ic变成ick再加ed，如picnicpicnicked，traffictrafficked。注：这样做主要是为了避免变化后其原型尾音/k/变成/s/。根据英文的拼写规则，c在字母e、i、y之前均发/s/，其他情况下均发/k/。如果直接加“ed”的话，trafficed将会读成/trfsd/，而不读/trfkt/。2 、不规则动词，见不规则表AAA型即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共10个）costcostcost， cutcutcut ，hithithit， hurthurthurt， letletlet ，putputput， readreadread，(read的原形和过去式、过去分词 读音不同2) set-set-set ，shut-shut-shutABB型过去式、过去分词相同。（共41个）1过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。（4个）bringbroughtbrought ，buyboughtbought ，thinkthoughtthought ，fight-fought-fought2词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。（4个）buildbuiltbuilt ，lendlent lent，sendsentsent ，spendspent spent3过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。（2个）catchcaughtcaught， teachtaughttaught4把-eep、-eel变为-ept、-elt。（4个）keepkeptkept ，sleepsleptslept ，sweep sweptswept， feelfelt felt5把-ell变为-old。（2个）telltoldtold， sellsoldsold6把-ell、-ill变为-elt或-ilt。（3个）smellsmeltsmelt，spellspeltspelt，spillspiltspilt7把-eed、-ead、-eet变为-ed或-et。（4个）feed-fed-fed ，lead-led-led ，speed-sped-sped ，meet-met-met8过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（5个）learnlearntlearnt， meanmeantmeant，spoilspoiltspoilt， burnburntburnt ，dreamdreamtdreamt9过去式、过去分词词尾去y变-id（4个）saysaidsaid， paypaidpaid ，laylaidlaid， hearheardheard10改变元音字母。（12个）meetmetmet ，feed-fed-fed， getgotgot， sitsatsat ，findfoundfound ，holdheldheld ，spitspatspat ，shineshoneshone ，winwonwon， hanghunghung ，dig dugdug，loselostlost11改变辅音字母。（4个）makemademade， build-built-built ，send-sent-sent， spend-spent-spent12改变元、辅音字母。（4个）leaveleftleft ，standstoodstood ，have/hashadhad understandunderstoodunderstoodABC型原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。（共37个）1iau变化。（7个）beginbeganbegun ，drinkdrankdrunk ，singsangsung， ringrangrung ，swimswamswum ，sink sanksunk ，spring-sprang-sprung2词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。（5个）blowblewblown ，drawdrewdrawn ，grow grewgrown ，knowknewknown ，throwthrewthrown（show除外）3词尾为“i+辅（1个）+e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。（4个）（give，hide除外）drivedrovedriven ，writewrotewritten ，ride roderidden ，riseroserisen4过去分词在过去式后加n。（3个）wakewokewoken speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen5过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。（2个）get-got-gotten/got forgetforgotforgotten6过去分词由原形加（e）n构成。（6个）bewas（were）been eatateeaten fallfellfallen givegavegiven seesawseen hidehidhidden（hid）7词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n。（2个）taketooktaken mistakemistookmistaken8原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。（6个）dodiddone flyflewflown gowentgone lielaylain showshowedshown wearworeworn9词尾为-eak时，过去式将其变为-oke，过去分词在过去式后加-n。（2个）breakbrokebroken speakspokespoken10词中间为“oo+辅（1个）+e”或“ee+辅（1个）+e”，过去式将oo、ee变为o，过去分词在过去式后加-n。（2个）choosechosechosen freezefrozefrozenAAB型过去式和原形相同。（1个）beatbeatbeatenABA型过去分词和原形相同。（3个）1.词中间为“o+辅（1个）+e”时，过去式将o变为a。（2个）comecamecome becomebecamebecome2.uau变化。（1个）run ranrun情态动词型 (除must)只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。（4个）cancould maymight willwould shallshould must 既没有过去式也没有过去分词常用过去分词begin（开始） began begundrink（喝） drank drunkring（铃响） rang rungsing （唱） sang sung swim（游泳） swam swum blow（吹） blew blown draw（画） drew drawn fly（飞） flew flown grow（生长） grew grown know（知道） knew known throw（投掷） threw thrown show（出示） showed shown break（打破） broke broken choose（选择） chose chosen forget（忘记） forgot forgotten (forgot) speak（说，讲） spoke spoken wake（醒） woke woken drive（驾驶） drove driven eat（吃） ate eaten fall（落下） fell fallen give（给） gave given rise（升高） rose risen take（取） took taken ride（骑） rode ridden write（写） wrote written do（做） did done go（去） went gone lie（平躺） lay lain see（看见） saw seen wear （穿） wore worn 不规则的动词 cost（花费）cost cost cut（割） cut cut hit（打） hit hit hurt（伤害） hurt hurt let（让） let let put（放） put put read（读） read read其他：arise arose arisenawake awoke/awaked awokenbe was/were beenbear bore borne(携带)/born(出生)beat beat beatenbecome became becomebegin began begunbefall befell befallenbend bent bentbet bet betbind bound boundbite bit bitten/bitbleed bled bledblend blended blentbless blessed blestblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbreed bred bredbring brought broughtbroadcast broadcast/broadcasted broadcast/broadcastedbuild built builtburn burnt/burned burnt/burnedburst burst burstbuy bought boughtcast cast castcatch caught caughtchoose chose chosencleave clove/cleft cloven/cleftcling clung clungclothe clothed/clad clothed/cladcome came comecost cost costcreep crept creptcrow crowed/crew crowedcut cut cutdare dared/durst dareddeal dealt dealtdig dug dugdo did donedraw drew drawndream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreameddrink drank drunkdrive drove drivendwell dwelt dwelteat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeed fed fedfeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found foundflee fled fledfling flung flungfly flew flownforbid forbade/forbad forbiddenforecast forecast/forecasted forecast/forecastedforget forgot forgottenforgive forgave forgivenfreeze froze frozengainsay gainsaid gainsaidget got gottengild gilded/gilt gildedgird girded/girt girded/girtgive gave givengo went gonegrave graved graven/gravedgrind ground groundgrow grew grownhang hung/hanged hung/hangedhave had hadhear heard heardheave heaved/hove hesved/hovehide hid hiddenhit hit hithold held heldhurt hurt hurtkeep kept keptkneel knelt kneltknow knew knownlade laded ladenlay laid laidlead led ledlean leant/leaned leant/leanedleap leapt/leaped leapt/leapedlearn learnt/learned learnt/learnedleave left leftlend lent lentlet let letlie(躺) lay lainlie(撒谎) lied liedlight lit/lighted lit/lightedlose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met metmelt melted meited/moltenmistake mistook mistakenmisunderstand misunderstood misunderstoodoutgrow outgrew outgrownovercome overcame overcomeoversee oversaw overseenpay paid paidprove proved proved/provenput put putquit quitted/quit quitted/quitread read readrend rent rentride rode riddenring rang rungrise rose risenrive rived riven/rivedrun ran runsaw sawed sawn/sawedsay said saidsee saw seenseek sought soughtsell sold soldsend sent sentset set setsew sewed sewn/sewedshake shook shakenshave shaved shaved/shavenshear sheared sheared/shornshed shed shedshine shone shoneshoe shod shodshoot shot shotshow showed shown/showedshrink shrank/shrunk shrunk/shrunkenshrive shrove/shrived shriven/shrivedshut shut shutsing sang sungsink sank/sunk sunk/sunkensit sat satslay slew slainsleep slept sleptslide slid slidsling slung slungslink slunk slunkslit slit slitsmell smelt/smelled smelt/smelledsmite smote smittensow sowed sown/sowedspeak spoke spokenspeed sped/speed