高中英语语法 祈使句 否定句 感叹句.doc

高中英语语法 祈使句 否定句 感叹句 祈使句一、概念祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。二、相关知识点精讲1.祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do （但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子）。例如： Take this seat. 坐这儿。Do be careful. 务必小心。否定结构：例如：Dont move. 不准动。Dont be late. 不要迟到。2.以let开头的祈使句Let 的反意疑问句：a. Lets 包括说话者。例如：Lets have another try, shall we / shant we? = Shall we have another try? 我们再试一次，如何？b. Let us 不包括说话者。例如：Let us have another try，will you / wont you? = Will you please let us have another try? 你让我们再试一次，好吗？否定结构：例如：Lets not talk of that matter. 不要谈这件事。Let us not talk of that matter. 你不要让我们谈这件事。 第24章 感叹句一、概念感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情二、相关知识点精讲1.How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序。例如：How clever a boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！2.How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如：How lovely the baby is! 小毛头真可爱！3.What +名词+陈述语序。例如：What noise they are making! 他们真吵！4.What +a+形容词+名词+陈述语序。例如：What a clever boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！5.What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。例如：What wonderful ideas （we have）! 我们的主意真棒！6.What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。例如：What cold weather it is! 多冷的天！7.What a clever boy he is!的省略形式为：What a clever boy!第25章 否定句一、概念否定句指否定陈述句的句子.二、相关知识点精讲 1. 用not构成的否定句：主语+助动词/ be+not+ 例句：He is not back yet.It is not true.We havent forgotten you.You shouldnt be so silly.We havent been invited yet.He wont go, but they will.Money could not buy happiness.I like the salad, but I dont like this soup.He wants a girl friend, but he doesnt want to get married.You didnt understand what I said, did you ?You neednt try to explain.I didnt use to like opera, but now Im getting interested.I usednt to like opera, but now Im getting interested.2. 祈使句的否定句：Dont+动词原形。例句：Dont worry. Ill look after you.Dont believe a word he says.Dont be so rude.3. 非谓语动词（不定式，分词，动名词）的否定式：把not放在to do; doing; 的前面。Its important not to worry.He said he deeply regretted not being able to help.Not knowing what to do, Shelly asked advice of her friend.He reproached me for not having told it to him. 4. not与除谓语以外的其他句子成分连用：Come early, but not before six.Its working, but not properly.I believe he will succeed, though not without some difficulty.not用在I hope; I believe; Im afraid; I guess; I suppose; I expect之后，构成省略句。Will it snow today ?I hope not.5. 用no构成否定句：no+名词（单，复数，不可数）相当于not+ a +名词/ not + any +名词No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated.The nations of Europe and America have found that no country can produce all its needs without trading.Take that towel, I have no other.I can walk no farther.There is no knowing what will happen.6. 某些否定副词或代词：seldom; never; hardly; rarely; little; few; none; nowhere; neither等在句中构成否定句：I can seldom find time for reading.Mirror tells only the facts, never the poetry.The rumor came from nowhere.None but fools have ever believed it.7. 否定转移：当think; believe; suppose; imagine等动词引导否定意义的宾语从句时，把从句中的not提到主句这些动词前面，是主句变成否定句：I dont think shes at home, but Ill go and see.I dont imagine that hell enjoy it.8. 否定式疑问句： Doesnt she understand ?Havent you booked your holiday yet ?部分否定：注意部分否定的结构：Not all=AllnotNot both=BothnotNot every=EverynotI dont remember all the names.All is not gold that glitters.It is not found everyw