被动运动和助动运动物理治疗标准操作规程.pdf

TRAINING MATERIAL PT PROTOCL FOR PASSIVE AND PASSIVE ASSISTED MOBILIZATIONS Page 1 Page TRAINING OF PHYSIOTHERAPISTS AND DOCTORS IN HOSPITALS 物理治疗师和医生培训教程物理治疗师和医生培训教程 PT PROTOCOL FOR PASSIVE AND PASSIVE ASSISTED MOBILIZATIONS 被动运动被动运动和和助动运动助动运动物理治疗标准操作规程物理治疗标准操作规程 1 General information on passive and passive assisted mobilizations 有关有关被动运动被动运动和和 助动运动助动运动的基本信息的基本信息 1 1 Definition 定定义义 Passive mobilization means that the therapist or the helper will move the patient s limbs in a passive way the patient doesn t help 被动运动是指治疗师或辅助者以被动的方式来活动患者的肢体 患者对训练没有帮助 Passive assisted mobilization means that the therapist or the helper will move the patient s limbs while the patient tries to help actively the movements Such way of doing mobilization has the advantage of both active and passive mobilization meaning that by helping the movement the patient s muscles are stimulated but by having the helper finishing the movement we insure that the all range of motion is used which helps preventing muscle shortness 助动运动则是指治疗师或辅助者 在患者自身主动协助的情况下 帮助患者活动他们的肢体 这种训练方式具备 主动训练和被动运动的双重优势 患者自己配合完成训练 肌肉得到了刺激 而帮助其完成训练 又确保了患者 能使用所有的活动范围 从而防止肌肉短缩的产生 1 2 Purposes 目的目的 Passive and passive assisted mobilization will be used with any patient that cannot or won t move the limbs at all or much because of his her situation such as paralysis muscle weakness traction immobilization or the need to stay in bed for a long time 被动运动和助动运动 适用于所有根本不能或者不能很好的活动其肢体的患者 这些患者不能活动肢体是由其病 情导致的 如瘫痪 肌力减弱 牵引 制动或者长期卧床等 A patient that doesn t move enough some parts of the body will quickly develop complications such as muscle shortness muscle weakness pressure sore or blood circulation problems Passive and passive assisted mobilizations aim to prevent those problems from appearing or at least to slow down their appearance 不经常活动的患者 身体某些区域会迅速形成并发症 比如肌肉短缩 肌力减弱 压疮和血液循环问题等 而被 动运动和助动运动旨在防止这些问题发生 或者至少减缓其出现的过程 1 3 Prescription 处方处方 In general passive mobilization can be started directly after the accident Passive assisted mobilization should be used whenever it is possible 一般而言 患病后马上就可以开始进行被动运动 而助动运动 只要条件允许 随时都应当进行 According to the patient s situation as many joints as possible should be mobilized in as many movements as possible 应当根据患者的病情 使其活动尽可能多的关节 进行尽可能多的运动 To be efficient passive and passive assisted mobilizations should be done at least 3 times a day each movement should be repeated 20 times 为了保证训练的有效性 被动运动和被动辅助辅助 每天至少应当做3次 每个动作应当重复20次 TRAINING MATERIAL PT PROTOCL FOR PASSIVE AND PASSIVE ASSISTED MOBILIZATIONS Page 2 Page 2 Technique 技术技术 Here below is a description of the mobilizations for the main joints of the body The same movements and techniques can be used for both passive and passive assisted mobilization the only difference is the patient that helps or not to do the movement 以下是身体主要关节的训练方法的描述 被动运动和助动运动可以采用同样的运动和技术 其差异仅仅在于患者 是否协助完成训练动作 2 1 Passive mobilization for the lower limbs 下肢的下肢的被动活动被动活动 Mobilization in abduction adduction of the hip 髋外展髋外展 内收的被动活动内收的被动活动 Position of the patient lying on the back 患者体位患者体位 仰卧 Movement the therapist makes hip abduction and adduction He holds the limb at the calcaneus and the knee posterior part of the knee 动作 动作 治疗师做髋外展和内收 他在跟骨处和膝部 膝的后 部 握住下肢 Mobilization in triple flexion extension 三重屈曲和伸展的被动活动三重屈曲和伸展的被动活动 Position of the patient lying on the back 患者体位 患者体位 仰卧 Movement the therapist makes hip knee and ankle flexion and extension triple flexion triple extension He secures the limb at the level of the calcaneus and the knee 动作 动作 治疗师做髋 膝和踝屈曲和伸展 三重屈曲和伸 展 他在跟骨处和膝部握住下肢 Mobilization in rotation of the hip 髋旋转的被动活动髋旋转的被动活动 Position of the patient lying on the back 患者体位 患者体位 仰卧 Movement the therapist makes hip rotations makes the limb roll on the table 动作 动作 治疗师做髋旋转运动 让肢体在桌子上 滚动 Mobilization in eversion inversion of the ankle 踝外翻踝外翻 内翻的被动活动内翻的被动活动 Position of the patient lying on the back 患者体位 患者体位 仰卧 Movement the therapist secures the foot at the level of the calcaneus and makes movements of inversion turn inwards and eversion turn outwards 动作 动作 治疗师在跟骨处握住足部做内翻 朝内转 和外 翻 朝外转 运动 Mobilization in flexion extension of the toes 脚趾屈曲和伸展的被动活动脚趾屈曲和伸展的被动活动 Position of the patient lying on the back 患者体位 患者体位 仰卧 Movement the therapist mobilizes the toes in flexion and extension 动作 动作 治疗师对脚趾做屈曲和伸展的被动活动 TRAINING MATERIAL PT PROTOCL FOR PASSIVE AND PASSIVE ASSISTED MOBILIZATIONS Page 3 Page 2 2 Passive mobilization for the upper limbs 上肢的上肢的被动运动被动运动 Mobilization of the scapula 肩胛骨的被动活动肩胛骨的被动活动 Position of the patient lying on the side 患者体位 患者体位 侧卧 Movement the therapist secures the scapula and mobilizes it in abduction adduction and up down 动作 动作 治疗师握住肩胛骨做外展 内收和向上向下的被动活 动 Mobilization in flexion extension of the shoulder 肩屈曲和伸展的被动活动肩屈曲和伸展的被动活动 Position of the patient lying on the back 患者体位 患者体位 仰卧 Movement the therapist secures the patient s upper limb at the level of the wrist and the elbow He makes movements of flexion and extension of the shoulder 动作 动作 治疗师在上肢的手腕和肘处握住患者上肢 他做 肩屈曲和伸展的被动活动 Mobilization in abduction adduction of the shoulder 肩外展肩外展 内收的被动活动内收的被动活动 Position of the patient lying on the back 患者体位 患者体位 仰卧 Movement the therapist secures the patient s upper limb at the level of the wrist and the elbow He makes movements of abduction and adduction of the shoulder 动作 动作 治疗师在上肢的手腕和肘处握住患者上肢 他做肩外 展和内收的被动活动 Mobilization internal external rotation of the shoulder 肩内旋肩内旋 外旋的被动活动外旋的被动活动 Position of the patient lying on the back 患者体位 患者体位 仰卧 Movement the therapist secures the patient s upper limb at the level of the wrist and the elbow The shoulder is at 90 degrees of abduction and the elbow is at 90 degrees of flexion The therapist makes movements of shoulder rotation 动作 动作 治疗师在上肢的手腕和肘处握住患者上肢 肩外 展成90度 肘屈曲成90度 治疗师做肩旋转的活动 Mobilization in flexion extension of the elbow 肘屈曲肘屈曲 伸展的被动活动伸展的被动活动 Position of the patient lying on the back 患者体位 患者体位 仰卧 Movement the therapist secures the patient s upper limb at the level of the wrist and the elbow The therapist makes movements of flexion and extension of the elbow 动作 动作 治疗师在上肢的手腕和肘处握住患者上肢 治疗师做 肩屈曲和伸展的被动活动 Mobilization in pronation supination of the forearm 前臂旋前前臂旋前 旋后的被动活动旋后的被动活动 Position of the patient lying on the back 患者体位 患者体位 仰卧 Movement the therapist secures the patient s upper limb at the level of the wrist and the elbow The elbow is at 90 degrees of flexion The therapist makes movements of pronation and supination he turns the forearm inwards and outwards 动作 动作 治疗师在上肢的手腕和肘处握住患者上肢 肘屈 曲成90度 治疗师做前臂旋前和旋后的活动 他把手臂 朝内或朝外转 TRAINING MATERIAL PT PROTOCL FOR PASSIVE AND PASSIVE ASSISTED MOBILIZATIONS Page 4 Page Mobilization in flexion extension of the wrist 手腕屈曲手腕屈曲 伸展的被动活动伸展的被动活动 Position of the patient lying on the back 患者体位患者体位 仰卧 Movement the therapist secures the patient s hand and wrist The elbow is at 90 degrees of flexion The therapist makes movements of flexion and extension of the wrist 动作 动作 治疗师握住患者的手和手腕 肘屈曲成90度 治疗师 做手腕屈曲和伸展的活动 Mobilization in flexion extension of the fingers 手指屈曲手指屈曲 伸展的被动活动伸展的被动活动 Position of the patient lying on the