南京理工工程硕士英语课程考试2011.3试题及咱整.doc

南京理工大学工程硕士英语课程考试试题（2011年3月）Directions： Write all your answers on the Answer Sheet.Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section A Reading in depthDirections: In this section there are 2 passages. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark your choice on your Answer Sheet.Passage One Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. You never see him, but theyre with you every time you fly. They record where you are going, how fast youre traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book. Theyre known as the black box.When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India Ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the devices homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane the area least subject to impact from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircrafts final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000. When submerged, theyre also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say theyre still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one planes black boxes were never recovered.1. What does the author say about the black box?A. It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane.B. The idea for its design comes from a comic book.C. Its ability to ward off disasters is incredible.D. It is an indispensable device on an airplane.2. What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner?A. Data for analyzing the cause of the crash.B. The total number of passengers on board.C. The scene of the crash and extent of the damage.D. Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash.3. Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?A. New materials became available by that time.B. Too much space was needed for its installation.C. The early models often got damaged in the crash.D. The early models didnt provide the needed data.4. Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow?A. To distinguish them from the color of the plane.B. To caution people to handle them with care.C. To make them easily identifiable.D.) To conform to international standards.5. What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?A. There is still a good chance of their being recovered.B. There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructed.C. They have stopped sending homing signals.D. They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil. 文章首段阐述了飞机上的黑匣子的功能，即记录飞机的飞行状况。第二段是对首段的实例说明。第三段按时间顺序描述了黑匣子的发展历程，请关注三个时间：1958， 1960和1965。 最后一段说明改进后的现代黑匣子既有语音记录的功能，又能记录飞行数据。原题：57.What does the author say about the black box?A) It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane.B)The idea for its design comes from a comic book.C) Its ability to ward off disasters is incredible.D) It is an indispensable device on an airplane.答案：57 D It is an indispensable device on an airplane原文中的Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book.可能是误导学生选择C的原因。withstand意为“经受，承受”，而C中的ward off 则为“避开，挡住”之意。本句句意为：飞机失事后，黑箱子往往能完好无损，躲过灾难，这简直令人难以置信（就像漫画书中的东西一样）原题：58.What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner?A) Data for analyzing the cause of the crash.B) The total number of passengers on board.C) The scene of the crash and extent of the damage.D) Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash.答案：58 A Data for analyzing the cause of the crash原文定位为第二段最后一句：“the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.” cause of a tragedy与选项中的cause of the crash一致。原题：59. Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?A) New materials become available by that time.B) Too much space was needed for its installation.C) The early models didnt provide the needed data.D) The early models often got damaged in the crash答案：59 D The early models often got damaged in the crash原文定位于第三段“Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned.” failed to withstand crashes与选项中的got damaged in the crash同义。原题：60. Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow?A) To distinguish them from the color of the plane.B) To caution people to handle them with care.C) To make them easily identifiable.D)To conform to international standards.答案：60 C To make them easily identifiable原文定位于第三段最后一句be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility. to aid visibility意为“有助于提高能见度”，与easily identifiable同义。原题：61.What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?A)There is still a good chance of their being recovered.B)There is an urgent need for them to be restructured.C)They have stopped sending homing signals.D)They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.答案：61 A There is still a good chance of their being recovered原文定位于最后一段but statistics say theyre still likely to turn up. Turn up 与recovered 同义，“被找到”。be restructured 意为“被重建”。=Passage Two Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but- regardless of whether it is or isnt - we wont do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.Al Gore calls global warming an inconvenient truth, as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we dont know enough to relieve global warming, and - without major technological breakthroughs - we cant do much about it.From 2003 to 2050, the worlds population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. But thats too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the worlds poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone elses living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050.No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show theyre doing something Consider the Kyoto Protocol(京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didnt. But it hasnt reduced CO2 emissions(up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories(签字国) didnt adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when its really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we dont solve the engineering problem, were helpless.6. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?AIt may not prove an environmental crisis at all.BIt is an issue requiring worldwide commitments.CSerious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.DVery little will be done to bring it under control.7. According to the authors understanding, what is Al Gores view on global warming?AIt is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.BIt is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.CIt is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.DIt is an area we actually have little knowledge about.8. Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _.Aeconomic growthBwasteful use of energyCthe widening gap between the rich and poorDthe rapid advances of science and technology9. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, _.Apoliticians have started to do something to better the situationBfew nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy useC. reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warmingDinternational cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems10. What is the message the author intends to convey?AGlobal warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.BThe ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.CThe debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.DPeople have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.题解：Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, butregardless of whether it is or isnt - we wont do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,” as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we dont know enough to relieve global warming, andwithout major technological breakthroughswe cant do much about it.From 2003 to 2050, the worlds population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. But thats too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the worlds poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone elses living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show theyre “doing something.” Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didnt. But it hasnt reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didnt adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when its really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we dont solve the engineering problem, were helpless.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.B) It is an issue requiring worldwide commitments.C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.D) Very little will be done to bring it under control.58. According to the authors understanding, what is A1 Gores view on global warming?A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.59. Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _.A) economic growthB) wasteful use of energyC) the widening gap between the rich and poorD) the rapid advances of science and technology60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, _.A) politicians have started to do something to better the situationB) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy useC) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warmingD) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems61. What is the message the author intends to convey?A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.C) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.这是一篇讲述全球变暖问题的材料。关于全球变暖在当前如何解决，作者指出了两点，一是它已经演变成了道德问题，二是只能通过技术突破来解决。第一段开头作者抛出了自己的独特观点：we wont do much about it。而后作了一定的解释，认为人们会讨论全球变暖问题(We will argue over it)，甚而做出解决问题的姿态，但这类姿态却不会诉诸于行动(the less likely they are to be observed)。下一段引用了美国前副总统戈尔的观点：inconvenient truth，意思是承认了问题就能解决问题。作者并不同意戈尔的观点，并指出单单承认问题是不够，解决问题的方法是重大技术突破(major technological breakthroughs)。第三段的内容比较长，作者列举了详细数据论证在未来的50年时间内温室气体排放量的增长幅度。作者的目的在于突出问题的严重性，以便和下一段中政府不愿削减能耗的论述形成对比，彰显出政府为了各自的利益而置环境问题而不顾。这就是在作者看来的道德问题。既然各国政府不愿进行能耗削减，那么解决问题的办法只有一个：新技术突破。倒数第二段具体论述了新技术突破作为全球变暖问题出路的观点(the only solution is new technology)。最后一段从另一个方面论述了新技术突破作为问题解决办法的必要性，也就是在道德层面(政府不作为)无法解决问题的情况，必须从工程(engineering，实际指的是技术革新)的角度去实现突破，否则就是彻底的helpless了。57. D题目问哪个是第一段中有关全球变暖的说法。A，全球变暖可能根本就不会发展为环境危机。B，这是一个需要全世界都付出努力的课题。C，为避免或阻止全球变暖，已经采取了重大步骤。D，将不会采取什么措施来控制全球变暖。第一段并不容易理解，因为作者在这里玩弄了一些文字游戏，如may or may not和whether it is or isnt，其真实意图不好把握。第一段可以分为两个语意群，第一句算是一个语意群，后面两句合为一个语意群。从字面意思上看，第一句意思是全球变暖可能成为危机也可能不会变成危机，但不管会否变为，我们都不会采取什么措施。这是一个转折句，通常情况下，转折之后的句子具有更重要的意义，或者说体现了作者的真实意图。那么从这一句可以判断出全球变暖会否成为危机并不是这个句子关注的焦点，焦点是我们不会采取措施来应对它。这样的话，A就是错误选项，而D是对的。后面两句的大意是：我们会讨论这个问题，甚至会做出堂皇的姿态来避免全球变暖，但这些姿态越堂皇，其得以实施的可能性越小。这个语意群的重心同样在转折以后，也就是这些姿态(即提出的措施)被实行的可能性很小。这个意思和D的说法保持一致。由此可以判断D为正确答案。58. C根据作者的理解，Gore对全球变暖的观点是什么。A，全球变暖是一项事实，但大众和政治家都没有意识到它。B，这是一种会给我们带来诸多不便的现象。C，全球变暖一旦被人们认识到，就会得以解决。D，我们对全球变暖实际上知之甚少。第二段提到Gore的观点只用了一个词组，即inconvenient truth，字面意思是“会给人们带来不方便的真相”，从这个词组无法判断出其具体含义。不过此后作者使用了一个as if从句，对这个词组进行描述，应该是作者对Gore观点的理解。As if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution，直译为“好像仅仅承认它就会使我们走上解决它的道路”，意思也就是承认它就能解决它。这应该是作者对Gore观点的全部理解，此后的几句以But引出转折，应该是作者开始表达自己的观点，与Gore无关。四个选项中，C的说法与上文的分析一致。A所说的unaware是没有意识到、不知道的意思，和“承认”不同。B是对inconvenient truth字面意思的望文生义。D的说法和Gore的观点相去甚远，更可能是结合But之后作者自己的观点而安排的迷惑选项。59. A温室排放量到2050年不止于翻倍，原因是什么。A，经济增长B，能源的浪费使用C，贫富差距拉大D，科技的快速发展More than double by 2050出现在第三段的末尾：With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050介词with可以表示原因，或伴随状态，实际上提示了温室排放翻倍的原因是modest growth，即适度增长。这里的增长当然是指经济增长，economic作了承前省略处理。单从这个句子就可以判断出正确答案是A。实际上这四个选项在第三大段中都有所提及，需要做出分辨。能源的浪费使用和温室排放之间联系非常紧密，可以认为前者实际上等于后者，因为能源使用的同时即是在排放温室气体。能源的浪费使用并不能准确地解释为什么温室排放量会超过2倍地增长。第三段第四句话提到了穷人，但这里的意思是说除非我们想让穷人永远穷下去，否则就需要实现经济增长。此句的目的在于说明经济增长的必要性，和温室排放量的关系不够紧密。从文意来看，科技的快速发展是减少温室排放的有效途径，因此说D的说法起到的是相反的作用，而不会使排放量增长到2倍。60. B作者认为，京都议定书签订以来A，政治家们已经开始动手改变形势。B，很少有国家采取了真正严格的措施限制能源的使用。C，能耗的消减已经大大减缓全球变暖形势。D，已经出现了致力于解决环境问题的国际合作。文章提到京都议定书是在第四段中间的一句(Consider the Kyoto protocol)，而后开始对京都议定书进行评述。一共两句话，It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didnt，意思是它允许加入该议定书的国家惩罚不加入的国家，这应该是指该议定书的功能。这一功能到底能否达到了呢?下面一句给出了答案，But it hasnt reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories didnt adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets，这里给出了两点结果，一是它没有减少二氧化碳排放量，二是许多签署国没有采取足够严格的措施来实现2008-2012的目标。这里所说的目标应该就是像B所说的限制能源的使用，所以B的说法是对的。61. B题目问作者想要传达什么信息。A，相较于实际问题，全球变暖更是道德问题。B，全球变暖的终极解决办法有赖于新技术。C，有关全球变暖的争论将会引发技术革命。D，为了阻止全球变暖，人们必须放弃某些物质享受。与A相关的内容是最后一段第一句话，the trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when its really engineering one，这里出现了moral problem，A的说法正好源于此。这里的engineering one是指工程问题，也就是实际问题。在engineering one之前作者使用了really一词，说明作者更倾向于认为全球变暖是一个实际问题，只是现实情况是它变成了一个道德问题，体现出作者的一种无奈感。倒数第二段提到了B所说的新技术：the only solution is new technology，解决全球变暖问题的唯一办法就是新技术。后面的一句是对这个观点的进一步说明，可以说B的说法是符合文意的。关于技术革命和全球变暖争论之间的关系，应该是技术革命会解决全球变暖问题，这也是作者所持的观点。而根据最后一段的说法，关于全球变暖问题的争论已经演变成道德问题，和技术革命没有关系，所以C的说法不对。至于D，在文章中没有涉及到放弃某些物质享受的内容，应该属于生造出来的选项，所以可以排除。=Section B (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions.For questions 11-17, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for