工程应用英语图表作文.docx

线图、柱状图、饼图，表格题一、介绍段introduction介绍段内容对题目文字部分的第二段做改写，所谓改写，要么换词，要么换句式。例如：(I4-100)The charts below give information about travel to and from the UK and most popular countries for UK residents to visit.1. 换词(1) 图 The charts图：chart, graph线：line / curve chart柱图：bar / column graph饼：pie chart表：table / statistics / figures(2) 动词“表明”give information about介绍段是客观描述，用一般现在时态，替换的词语和结构很多，比如常用的show /illustrate / demonstrate/compare /reveal, represent Clear, apparent, travel换成visit，the UK换成Britain（注意不是England，英格兰只是Britain的一部分），popular换成fashionable，country换成nation，UK residents to visit换成UK tourists。2. 换句(1)并列句The line chart shows that and the bar graph illustrates that （分别描述两幅图，第一幅图用chart，第二副图用graph，第一幅图动词用shows，第二副图动词用illustrates） (2)被动语态 is revealed in the line chart and is indicated in the bar graph.One possible answer:The line chart reveals visits to and from Britain and the bar graph indicates most fashionable nations for UK tourists in 1999.二、主体段body过渡：段首过渡词（1个）信息出处：According to the line chart,As is shown in the line chart,The line chart shows that 段内过渡词（1-2个）顺承：also, besides, in addition转折：however, in contrast其它：meanwhile / at the same time, similarly, in particular简单线图：趋势（包括升降速度）：The visits increased quickly from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.There was an increase in the visits from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.An increase in the visits can be seen from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.(1)主体：（第二段或图例中有明示）同义词 travelThe travel increased quickly from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.代词 theyThe visits increased quickly from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999. In particular, they increased very rapidly from 1985 to 1988.线 line：主要用于不理解图线所代表内容的情况。the thin（细线） / thick（粗线） / broken（虚线） / dotted（点线） lineThe thin line, which represents visits by UK residents, increased from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999.(2)增加/减少：动词increase / decrease, rise/drop（可做名词）go up / come downclimb / slideascend / declinerocket /plunge（暴增/暴减）过去的图表用一般过去时；一天24小时的图表用一般现在时。增加/减少：名词a sharp / slow / great / slight increasean upward / rising / increasing tendencya downward / falling / decreasing trend(3)升降速度/幅度（去掉-ly就是形容词）快：quickly / rapidly / swiftly慢：slowly / gradually / steadily大：greatly / vastly / considerably / substantially小：slightly / marginally / minutely数字副词：about / around / roughly / more or less 12 million(4)数字单位用单数12 million而不是12 millions(5)时间from to / between and during the period from to / between and / starting from .Over the span fromto (6)补充动词keep / remain / maintain unchanged / constant / stable（保持不变）fluctuate upward / downward（波动向上/向下）double / triple / quadruple（2/3/4倍）A possible answer:According to the line chart, visits abroad by UK residents increased from about 12 to 57 million from 1979 to 1999. Similarly, overseas travelers to Britain went up from about 10 to 27 million. It is obvious that UK tourists were more and climbed faster than overseas ones during the period.复杂线图：简单柱图：A possible answer:The bar graph demonstrates that the most UK visitors went to France and Spain, which were 11.0 and 9.5 million. Also, many British travelers were attracted by the USA (4.0 million), Greece (3.5 million) and Turkey (2.0 million).复杂柱图：比较：90% of those who held a skilled vocational diploma were men, compared with only 10% of women.More women held undergraduate diplomas (70%) and marginally more women reached degree level (55%).Men with postgraduate diplomas clearly outnumbered their female counterparts (70% and 30% respectively).饼图：无非是两个表达的组合“占”和百分比。“占”：OccupyAccount forTake upMake upContribute toRepresent由组成Be made up of, be composed of, consist of, comprise, be comprised of百分比：A small percentage of (X%)A quarter of The minority of (X%)（小部分）Half of The majority of (X%)Most of (X%)One-fifth of “相同比例”:即在饼状图中遇到了比例相同或者差不多的饼，如有A B两个比较对象。A accounts for the same percentage as B .The proportion of A is as high as BA and B contributed equally/evenly to (all )E.gThe pie graph demonstrates that heating rooms and water occupies the majority of electricity consumption (52.5%). Then, 17.5% of the electricity demand is shared by ovens, kettles and washing machines. Lighting, TV, radio and vacuum cleaners, food mixers, electric tools are responsible for the rest, with 15% each.例： 一个圆盘显示了大学生在food, books, transportations, entertainment, clothes, unknown中的开销，它们各自占的比例依次是60%,3%,5%,10%,10%,12%，要求你描叙这个圆盘图。 描述:The above pie chart consists of 6 segments, the largest one representing food, which accounts for 60% of the total. Clothes and entertainment each takes up 10%. 5% goes to transportation and 3% books. All the rest expenses, 12% of all are spent on unknown items.表格：数字引入：图表引用数字的三种主要方法分词短语：On average, 11% of all households, comprising almost two million people, were in this position.括号：Couples generally tended to be better off, with lower poverty levels for couples without children (7%) than those with children (12%).介词短语：However, those consisting of only one parent or a single adult had almost double this proportion of poor people, with 21% and 19% respectively.词数填充Word filler ：这些表达没有实际意义，考试的时候可以填充词数。It is noticeable that It is easy to see that It is obvious that 三、比较段comparison / 结论段conclusion：比较段：内容无非是数据关联或者特征关联两种可能。What is also worth mentioning is that if the two diagrams are considered as a whole.A possible answer:What is also worth mentioning is that almost 40% UK tourists selected France and Spain in 1999, if the two diagrams are considered as a whole.单图结论段：Overall, the table/chart/graph/diagram suggests that A possible answer:Overall, the table suggests that households of single adults and those with children were more likely to be living in poverty than those consisting of couples.（摘自剑桥雅思4）四. 原因结果 （可加几句）1.(结果), owing to (原因) owing to 为分词结构2.(结果), attributable to（原因） attributable to为形容词短语3.(结果) lie in the fact that（原因） 同位语从句 4.（结果）result from（原因） 句型一般5. It is precisely because （原因）that （导致结果） 强调结构6. , as a result, （导致结果） as a result做插入语7. （原因）be responsible for（结果） 常见句型8. （原因），which in turn（结果）eg. They give rise to unfair competition, which in turn throws original businesses into a commercial panic.1、趋势类词汇上升动词类：increase, go up, rise, grow up, jump up, surge, shoot up, keep an upward tendency1)To add up to 增加了eg. The total amount of added up to 14 billion pounds(14%) in 1994.2) To jump to / to soar to. 一跃达到/ 猛增到eg. The total working days lost soaredto 10 million in 1979.3) an increase of aboutpercent as compared with. 与相比大约增加了eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January.4) to experience an increase/incline 有了增长eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline.下降动词类：decrease, go down, decline, fall ,drop, sink, dip, keep a downward tendency1)to sink/drop/reduce to 减少到eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979.2) to experience a decrease/decline 有了减少eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease.波动动词类：fluctuate, undulate, wave 1) to go up and down 起伏不定eg. The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967.2) There be ups and downs 有起有伏eg. Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in （某方面）.3) fluctuate upward / downward（波动向上/向下）持平动词类：remain the same, stabilize, remain stable, remain constant, level off1) to remain steady/level/unchanged/constant/stable 保持稳定，几乎不变eg. The rate of remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967.2) to level off (vi.)eg. After a steady decline for a whole decade, the rate shows signs of leveling off.修饰动词的副词：slightly 轻微地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually 逐渐地，steadily 稳定地，rapidly 迅速地，moderately 温和地， 轻微地，significantly 明显地，sharply 明显地，dramatically急剧地，drastically 急剧地Consistently Gradually Marginally ModestlySlightly 上升名词类： increase, rise, growth, jump, surge下降名词类： decrease, decline, fall, reduction, drop波动名词类： fluctuation修饰名词的形容词：slight, slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic, drastic2、极值类词汇和表达最高点： peak (v. & n.), summit (v. & n.), reach the peak/top/highest point/ summit/ peakIncrease to the peak/top/highest point(所有上升类的动词都可以替换掉increase)最低点： reach the bottom/lowest point, touch the bottom, nadir (n.)drop to the bottom/lowest point(所有下降类的动词都可以替换掉drop)占的最多： occupy/make up/take up/account for the largest proportion/number/percentage of 占的最少： occupy/make up/take up/account for the smallest proportion/number/percentage of稳定时期：plateau (n.高原), lower stationary phase (低稳时期)Eg. According to the curve chart, daily electricity need is higher in winter (38,000 units on average) than in summer (18,000 units on average). In winter, electricity consumption peaks at 2:00 am and 10:00 pm while it touches the bottom at 0:00 am and 8:00 am. On the other hand, in summer, it summits at 2:00 pm and 11:00 pm, but has a nadir at 9:00 am and a lower stationary phase from 4:00 pm to 9:00 pm.3、倍数/百分比的表达方式1）.to form/comprise/make up/constitute .percent 占百分之eg. Women comprise more than 50% of the US population.eg. Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%.2）to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of占的1/2,1/3,1/4eg. Female illustrations form less than a fourth of the total.3）account forpercent占百分之几eg. , accounting for approximately 20 percent of4) Double 是两倍/大一倍Increase/decrease three times 增长/减少了三倍A be times as much/many as Beg. The annual rainfall of Hunan is 5 times as much as that of Sichuan.A doubles/is half/triple B A是B的两倍，一半，三倍eg. The annual rainfall of Jidda doubles that of Janta, but is only half the amount of rain Kuwait receives each year.4、大约的表达方式About/around + 数字数字 + or soApproximately /roughly + 数字5.达到多少（量）:reach, arrive at, amount to, hit, stand at, come to, 6 .预测（会有）多少:predict, expect, forecast句型为：A is predicted/ expected/forecasted to reach7. 然后，以后，之后Then, later, next, and then, after that, thereafter, afterwards, from this point onwards8、常用的小作文的趋势句式表达句式一：变化主体/图