（英语语言文学专业论文）托马斯·坎皮恩诗歌的艺术特色.pdf

v 摘摘 要要 托马斯 坎皮恩生活在文坛鼎盛 全盘文化都活跃的文艺复兴时期 他是纯 粹艺术的化身 集诗人 作曲家 文学和音乐理论家为一身 他对英国文学的贡 献是无可否认的 因此 本文致力于从主题 文体和韵律三个角度 探索和分析 坎皮恩诗歌的艺术特色 第一章考察坎皮恩诗歌的主题特色 坎皮恩是一个罗马天主教徒 所以本章 通过分析他的神学诗 探讨了他对上帝的虔诚 他的爱情诗中的女性形象值得关 注 许多首诗都表达了对女性尊严的尊重 体现了文艺复兴时期以人为本 尊重 女性的思想 此外 本章还探讨了他对于人生的看法 第二章阐述坎皮恩诗歌的文体特色 坎皮恩的诗最大的特点就是它是一种经 过深思熟虑的精密和合乎传统的质朴的巧妙结合 坎皮恩的诗歌还具有一定的戏 剧性特征 这一点也很值得关注 坎皮恩曾是彼特拉克式诗人菲利普 锡德尼的 忠实追随者 锡德尼诗歌的特点之语气多变在坎皮恩诗歌中都有体现 这些语气 的变化对表达诗人的思想起到了不可磨灭的作用 第三章探索了坎皮恩诗歌的韵律特色 坎皮恩精通音乐 因此他的诗歌更是 具有无与伦比的音乐性 他的诗歌形式极富不规则的变化 而变化中无不流露出 诗人的情感趋向 坎皮恩特别注重每一诗行内以及不同诗行间的声音效果 这就 使他的诗具有唯美的声音结构 关键词 托马斯 坎皮恩 艺术特色 主题的 文体的 韵律的 iv abstract thomas campion lived in the english renaissance period in which the literary circles were in a period of great prosperity and the overall culture was active he was an embodiment of pure arts he was a poet composer and at the same time a literary and musical critic his contribution to english literature was beyond reproach this thesis endeavors to make a study of the artistic features of his poetry from three perspectives such as theme style and prosody this thesis is divided into three chapters chapter one explores the thematic features of campion s poetry campion is a roman catholic so this chapter explores his piety towards god through a careful analysis of his divine poems the woman images in his love poems are well worth of concern most of his poems express respect towards woman dignity and reflect the idea of centring on human beings and respecting women in addition this chapter tries to find out his own attitudes toward human life chapter two traces the stylistic features of campion s poetry the most important feature of campion s poetry is that it is a combination of sophistication and formal naivete campion s poetry bears some dramatic quality which is also quite noteworthy besides campion is once a loyal disciple of sir philip sidney a famous petrachan poet in his age one of the features of sidney s poetry flexibility in tone is also widely reflected in most of campion s poems and this flexibility plays an indelible role in espressing the poet s thoughts chapter three examines the prosodic features of campion s poetry campion is an expert in music so his poems are of peerless musical quality his poetic forms are rich in irregular variations while the poet s emotions reveal together with these variations campion especially concerns himself with the sound effect within a line or across lines thus makes his poems possess aesthetic sound pattern key words artistic features thomas campion thematic stylistic prosodic iii 学位论文原创性声明 学位论文原创性声明 本人所提交的学位论文 托马斯 坎皮恩诗歌的艺术特色 artistic features of thomas campion s poetry 是在导师的指导下 独立进行研究工作所取得的 原创性成果 除文中已经注明引用的内容外 本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体 已经发表或撰写过的研究成果 对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体 均已 在文中标明 本声明的法律后果由本人承担 论文作者 签名 指导教师确认 签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解河北师范大学有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构 送交学位论文的复印件和磁盘 允许论文被查阅和借阅 本人授权河北师范大学 可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索 可以采用影印 缩 印或其它复制手段保存 汇编学位论文 保密的学位论文在 年解密后适用本授权书 论文作者 签名 指导教师 签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 1 introduction thomas campion 1567 1620 lived in what was certainly the golden age of the english literature that is the english renaissance period at that time the literary circles were in a period of great prosperity and all culture was active he was an embodiment of pure arts he was both a poet and composer a contemporary not only of shakespere marlowe and jonson in literature but also of byrd morley gibbons and dowland in music on february 12 1567 london saw the birth of campion in 1581 he went to peterhouse college cambridge where he studied classical literature seriously but in 1584 he left cambridge without obtaining a degree because he was a roman catholic and catholics were not allowed to receive one and in 1586 he was admitted to gray s inn where he became a law student but was never called to the bar the other activities of the inn however were much to his taste and gave him the training and the contacts he needed for the development of his poetry music and masques campion s first poetic attempts were in latin which comprised about one third of his total output his love of quantitative versification in classical latin poems carried over into his english poems and songs in 1591 five of his songs appeared in the unauthorized version of sidney s astrophel and stella four years later he published his own book a collection of latin epigrams called poemata campion a theorist of prosody published the prose work observations in the art of english poesie in 1602 and at the same year he studied medicine at the university of caen in normandy the medical practice did not make him rich but gave him some inspiration for writing his favorite medical image is the best evidence but his reputation rested chiefly on his lyric poems he wrote more than one hundred lute songs published between 1601 and 1617 in four bookes of ayres beginning with a booke of ayres to be sung to the lute orpherian and bass viol percival vivian an admirer of campion once wrote 2 his early extravagances he outlived and if it were possible to recall the time of his later years we may imagine that we should find a kindly gentleman full of ripe experience and judgment yet cherishing the memories of old loves and friendships and the generous illusions of youth devoted to the studies of poetry music and medicine a true son of apollo as he was never tired of urging clothed with that finer tact and sympathy which comes to a good physician 1 campion is more than merely a poet he is good at music when one reads his poems he may find a kind of artful interrelationship of poetry and music which created one of the great phenomena of english literature the elizabethan lyric he merges the index and exponent of his age in its expression of poetry and music so he is usually called england s musical poet his poetic reputation has in recent years carried a special type of musical qualification whether it is explicit as in kastendieck campion then is to be considered more than a poet he was both a poet and a musician he must therefore be introduced again as a musical poet in the true meaning of the words the music that swayed so many poets was part of his creative work he did not write poems but ayres if in writing these ayres he excelled as a poet that is all the more to his credit to call him a lyric poet while recognizing only his literary achievement is to present half an artist he must be considered a lyric poet in the oldest meaning of the word that is to say a musical poet 2 3 or whether it is implicit as in davis campion is a poet perhaps the poet of the auditory rather than the visual imagination more fully than any other song writer of his age he offers us experiences that strike the ear structures of sound the implications of words tones of voice 3 a characteristic feature of elizabethan life was the cult of versatility the balanced man was admired the one whose wit in the words of roger ascham is quicke without lightnes sharpe without brittlenes desirous of good thinges without newfanglenes diligent in painful thinges without werisomnes and constant in good will to do all thinges well 4 outstanding gifts in several different fields however were very rare then as they are today in campion s words all doe not all things well 5but it was campion who more nearly than most of his contemporaries did achieve this ideal he was proud to the point of conceit about his varied gifts ancient writers say that apollo practised three arts all of them i practise too and will always practise now they all recognise campion the musician the poet and the doctor 6 his name it is true rings small beside those of a number of celebrated elizabethans and in versatility he is approached if not matched by sidney raleigh and francis bacon campion s reputation has fluctuated widely a controversial figure to his contemporaries he was virtually forgotten from the middle of the seventeenth century until his rediscovery in 1887 by a h bullen who issued the very first collected edition of his works two years later so enthusiastically was his reappearance on the scene greeted by critics that by 1903 his original discoverer expressed fear lest he become the object of uncritical adulation 7 ernest rhys in 1895 describes campion as perhaps the one poet who comes nearest to fulfilling in the genre and quality of his work the lyric canon in english poetry 8 and t s eliot described him as except for shakespeare the most accomplished master of rhymed lyric of his time 9 a major cause for the decline of campion s reputation for some time was t s eliot s 4 domination of the literary scene in the 1920s and after with the resultant elevation of john donne and the metaphysical poets to major status as the really important poets of the english renaissance and of metaphysical wit and the complex image as the major evidences of literary worth 10 the overseas studies about campion are abundant people who are interested in songs and the relation of words to music have found the dual role of campion instructive and a number of studies have been written on this subject and the scholars have usually approached their subject either from a literary or from a musical angle such as felix e schelling s the english masques jeff lee s mathematical musick the contrapuntal formula of dr thomas campion pamela coren s in the person of womankind female persona poems by campion donne jonson and wilfrid meller s the gentleman the songs of thomas campion considered but in china campion is still a stranger the study of campion s poetry is quite an adventure because so far there has been rare attempt in china this thesis aims at demonstrating by a close reading of campion s poems the existence of a balanced multi level meaning other than the metaphysical thus showing that campion can compete on the highest poetic level since campion s range of gifts and activities was so great that a balanced view of his work cannot be obtained this thesis will concentrate on three angles theme style and prosody this thesis is divided into three chapters followed by a conclusion chapter one explores the thematic features of campion s poetry campion was a roman catholic himself the first section aims at exploring his attitudes towards god through a careful analysis of the divine poems of his first booke of ayres the second section focuses on the female images in his love poems which are well worth of concern complex life experience brings him inspirations his attitude towards life matches his personality thus the last section tries to find out his own meditation on human life chapter two traces the stylistic features of campion s poetry first compared with the major and imposing metaphysical school campions poetry seems minor and plain this part focuses on the linguistic style of campion in terms of diction 5 employment of imagery and sentence structure to find the sophistication under this formal simplicity and their influence to the affective power of the poems this chapter also makes a study of campion s dramatic quality by a subtle mixture of the dramatic techniques with his poetic works campion enriches the vividness of his poetry what s more campion is once a loyal disciple of sir philip sidney a famous petrachan poet in his age tonal flexibility is one of the features of sidney s poetry and is also widely reflected in most of campion s poems so the last section of this chapter is devoted to finding how campion obtains such a feature in his poetry chapter three examines the prosodic features of campion s poetry this chapter consists of three parts campion is an expert in music thus his poems are of peerless musical quality so the first part focuses on the rhythm phrase structure and rhyme scheme of some of his representative poems the second part explores the poetic form as contemporary poets campion and john donne have one thing in common that is their poetic forms are rich in irregular variations campion s poems are full of variations while the poet s emotions reveal together with these variations campion s endless pursuit of the movements of sound makes his poems possess aesthetic sound pattern he always concerns himself with the sound effect within a line and between lines the last section of this chapter focusing on his employment of vowels and consonants emplores the subtle beauty of his sound pattern 6 chapter one thematic features a the worship of god living in a turbulent age campion witnessed the ups and downs of the english society and sometimes had no alternative but turn to the omnipotent god besides he was a roman catholic himself and believed in the supernatural god in his mind god is everywhere and omnipotent thus when one reads his divine poems one may find a strong religious passion between lines two bookes of ayres were published together they appeared without date but cannot have appeared before 1612 since they contain an elegy to prince henry who died in november of that year like the earlier songbook written in collaboration with philip rosseter this one consists of two groups of twenty one songs in a preface to the book campion says out of many songs which partly at the request of friends partly for my owne recreation were by mee long since composed i have now enfranchised a few sending them forth divided according to their different subject into severall bookes the first are grave and pious the second amorous and light 1 campion made it clear that the two books of this publication were organized around a single large contrast of subject matter sacred and secular the first booke which was the first english collection of sacred ayres has considerable variety including as it does paraphrases of psalms moral verse in the horatian manner a thanksgiving ode elegy allegorical vision and several pieces in the witty tradition of mediaeval latin hymnody campion s temperament was more in tune with secular than with religious subjects but his first booke of ayres divine and morall songs is in many ways characteristic one cannot find in these poems the contemplative heights of vaughan the ecstasies of crashaw the intellectual rigours of herbert or donne the splendours 7 of milton campion on the other hand does not disappoint readers with a lack of wonder and a preoccupation with ritual the subjects of the twenty one poems in this book are often concerned with the worship of god the first book his devotional poetry says mr bullen impresses the reader by its sincerity author of light the first poem in his first booke of ayres is a prayer for grace expressed in a series of related images of healing author of light revive my dying spright redeeme it from the snares of all confounding night lord light me to thy blessed way for blinde with wordly vaine desires i wander as a stray sunne and moone starres and underlights i see but all their glorious beames are mists and darknes being compar d to thee fountaine of health my soules deepe wounds recure sweet showres of pitty raine wash my uncleannesse pure one drop of thy desired grace the faint and fading hart can raise and in joyes bosome place sinne and death hell and tempting fiends may rage but god his owne will guard and their sharp paines and griefe in time asswage ll 1 14 at the very beginning of the first stanza he addresses god as author of light thus shows his respect and admiration for god and then begs him to cure his blindness by saying revive my dying spright and redeeme it from the snares of all confounding night in the second stanza he calls on him as fountaine of health and then begs him to heal his deepe wounds of course the blindness which he begs to have cured is spiritual not physical for he can see sunne and moone starres and underlights but these sights compared with god are mists and 8 darknes one can see in this poem in the eyes of campion that god is omnipotent and supreme god can bring light to him and can cure him of his sorrow without god s benevolence and guidance he will be like a stray wandering aimlessly in the earthly world without god s blessing and protection he will suffer all kinds of pains and sorrows he prays to god for a thorough deliverance of his spirit and asks god to rerive him the images are medical and come as near as the poet ever does to betraying the influence of his profession as in the following lines one drop of thy desired grace the faint and fading hart can raise and in joyes bosome place ll 10 11 another divine poem view mee lord a worke of thine is a pious prayer for god s mercy beginning with a straightforward worship view mee lord a worke of thine campion s spiritual view is hygienic and he illustrates spiritual values by images of health and illness as in the second stanza of the poem but my soule still surfets so on the poysoned baytes of sinne that i strange and ugly growe all is darke and foule within ll 5 8 in the third stanza the poet shows his urgent request for god s help by a loud cry cleanse mee lord that i may kneele at thine altar pure and white ll 9 10 of course what he begs god to clean is his soul not his body for his soul has suffered a lot by the poysoned baytes of sinne then in the fourth stanza the poet praises god s supremacy by a contrast 9 worldly joyes like shadowes fade when the heav nly light appears ll 13 14 in short what the poet really wants to show in this poem is that god is of all power compared with the heavenly light the worldly joyes like shadows faded god is the maker and protecter of the world thus he will selflessly bless his man though he or she is nothing but clay and dust those who have once felt god s mercies will gaze no more delight on the earth the following quoted lines are taken from most sweet and pleasing are thy wayes most sweet and pleasing are thy wayes o god like meadowes deckt with christall streams and flowers thy paths no foote profane hath ever trod nor hath the proud man rested in thy bowers there lives no vultur no devouring beare but onely doves and lambs are harbor d there the wolfe his yong ones to their pr