英汉翻译教程考点.doc

1、 John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.约翰为人可靠，他既忠诚又正直。有人不知道 to eat no fish 和 to play the game 分别是典故和习语，而按字面译成“他一向不吃鱼而且经常玩游戏”。其实 to eat no fish 出自一个典故，指英国伊丽莎白女王时代，耶稣教徒为了表示对政府忠诚，拒绝遵守反政府的罗马天主教徒在星期五只吃鱼的习俗。因此， to eat no fish (不吃鱼)是表示“忠诚”的意思。To play the game 和 to play fair(规规矩矩地比赛)同义，由此转义为“公平对待”、“举止光明正大”、“为人正直”等Hitler was armed to the teeth when he launched the Second World War , but in a few years ,he was completely defeated.希特勒在发动第二次世界大战时是武装到牙齿的，可是不过几年，就被彻底击败了。这里习语 armed to the teeth ,形象生动，自解放初期开始就直译为“武装到牙齿”，已用得很习惯了。如意译为“全副武装”，语气反而较弱。【意译】3、I want a man who will throw his hat over the Chindwin and then lead his troops after it .我要的是这样的一个人，他决心在钦敦江破釜沉舟，然后率领部队前进。在这里，主句以及定语从句的后半部分用质疑法处理，定语从句的前半部分则用意译法处理。定语从句的who will throw his hat over the Chindwin 是习语to throw ones hat into the ring(原指斗士在参加竞赛前先把帽子丢进竞技圈内，表示争一高低的决心)的变体，如按直译法处理，不易理解。【一词多义】The record has been considered soft ever since it was set last May.自从五月份创造了这个记录以来，人们一直认为它是很容易被打破的。【短语作状语】North American viewers watched the start of the royal procession without missing a single hoofbeat.北美洲的观众注视着英国皇家仪仗队的起步，连个马蹄步也没漏掉。【英语句子汉译时，根据汉语表达习惯可以改变词类】Eldad Shimon was English and French teacher for two years at the Jewish school.埃尔达德丶西蒙在那所犹太学校里教过两年英文和法文。原文中teacher是名词，在译文里改成动词“教过”。【根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义】This is the last place where I expected to meet you.我怎么没料到会在这个地方见到你。【将词义作抽象化的引申】（将表示具体形象的词译成该形象所代表的属性的词）There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists.帝国主义者的性格既残暴又狡猾。不够恰当1、译文忠实原文2、翻译时进行了词汇的引申3、性格是不恰当的，帝国主义是个复合体，没有性格。【名词转译成动词】A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。Talking with his son ,the old man was the forgiver of the young mans past wrong doings.在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。【转译成名词】名词派生的动词Formaility has always characterized their relationship.他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。名词转用的动词Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in earths atmosphere after completing their missions.美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使命后，在大气层中焚毁。【形容词与副词的互相转译】Occasionally a drizzle came down ,and the intermittent flashes of lightning made us turn apprehensive glances toward Zero.偶尔下一点毛毛雨，大大小小的闪电使我们不时忧虑地朝着零区方向望去。【根据意义上或修辞上的需要】增加动词There were no speeches , no foreign diplomats , no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and bouquets of flowers.没有发表讲话，没有各国外交官到场，也没有“中国老百姓“挥舞纸旗、花束的场面。增加副词The crowds melted away.人群渐渐散去了。增加名词Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia.玛丽在丈夫患急性肺炎去死后，就靠洗衣服维持生活。He is a complicated man moody,rcurial, with a melancholy streak.他是个性格复杂的人喜怒无常，反复多变，还有些郁郁寡欢。He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge , and declared his own son guilty.他让法官的职责战胜了父子的私情，而判决他儿子有罪。增加表示名词复数的词The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley.群山已在山谷里开始投下蔚蓝色长影。【增加概括词】The Americans and the Japanese conducted a completely secret exchange of message.美日双方在完全保密的情况下互相交换了信件。The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers , artificial satellites and rocket.论文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭三个方面的新成就。【增加承上启下的词】Yes , I like Chinese food . Lots of people