英语专业本科生综合教程第一册unit 1词汇复习.doc

Unit 1Never Say GoodbyeParagraphs 1-4Words and Expressions1. confront: vt.1) be faced with and have to deal withe.g. The actress was confronted by a large group of reporters as she left the stage door. Whenever we are confronted with any difficulties, we shouldnt give up what we are doing.2) force to deal with or accept the truths of; bring face to face withe.g. When the police confronted her with the evidence, she confessed she was guilty.Collocations:be confronted withconfront sb. with sth.Synonyms: encounter, face2. anguish: n. very great pain and suffering, esp. of the minde.g. Lear, a broken, confused old man, died in anguish. 李尔王，这位身心交瘁、精神恍惚的老人在痛苦中死去。Derivations:anguished: adj. anguish: vt.Synonyms: pain, suffering3. gracefully: adv.1) in an attractively and effortlessly fine and smooth mannere.g. Already in her fifties, she danced gracefully on the stage last night, attracting a large audience.The figure skater glided gracefully on the ice.花样滑冰者在冰上优雅地滑行。2) in a way that shows willingness to behave fairly and honorablye.g. The request was gracefully refused.这个请求被有礼貌地回绝了。Derivations: graceful: adj. grace n.Comparison: gracious, gracefulgraceful: moving in a smooth and attractive way, or having an attractive shape or formgracious: behaving in a polite, kind, and generous way, especially to people of a lower rank.Thank you for your_ hospitality. (gracious)The lady of small waist is elegant and _.( graceful)4. touch: vt.& vi.1) put ones hand onto sth. or sb. elsee.g. Visitors are requested not to touch the paintings.2) have an effect on ones feelings; cause one to feel pity, sympathy, etc.e.g. Her plight has touched the hearts of people around the world.她所处的困境牵动着全世界人民的心。The environmental problems touch us all.这些环境问题与我们所有人都有关。Collocation:be touched withe.g. Her hair is touched with grey.他有些灰发了。Derivations: touched: adj. touching: adj.5. shudder: vi. shake uncontrollably for a moment, esp. from fear, cold, or dislikeshudder at/withShe shuddered at the sight of the dead body.她一看到那具尸体就不寒而栗。Comparison: shudder, shakeshudder: vi. It suggests a more intense shaking,which is less noticeable to an onlooker.shake: vt.& vi. It suggests sth. that is done to as well as by a person or object.People still _ at the thought of that terrible earthquake. (shudder)The tree branches were _ in that sudden gust of wind. (shaking)6. well: vi. flow or start to flow (outflow)e.g. Strong emotions welled up.Collocation:well out/up/forthShe was so moved that her tears welled out(up/forth) from her eyes.她感动得泪如泉涌。7. rest on/upon1) lean on; to be supported bye.g. She sat down and rested her feet on the chair.2) (esp. of a proof, argument, etc.) be based on; be grounded on; depend on e.g. His hopes rest on the leader. 他的希望全寄托在领导者的身上。e.g. Our policy should rest on the basis of self-reliance. 我们的政策要建立在自力更生的基础之上。8. through : prep. (1) in at one side, end, or surface of something and out at the othere.g. We couldnt see through the mist.Is it quicker to drive straight through the center?(2) among or between the parts or members ofe.g. The monkeys swung through the trees.I searched through my papers for the missing documents.9. stare: vi.(1) look steadily for a long time, e.g. in great surprise or shocke.g. The child stared the stranger up and down. 这个孩子上上下下地打量着这个陌生人。 He was staring, thinking.(2) be very plain to see; be obviouse.g. The lies in the report stared out at us from every paragraph.Collocations:stare sb. down/out 盯得某人局促不安stare sb. into silence 瞪得某人哑口无言stare sb. up and down 上下打量某人stare sb. in the face 近在眼前Sentences1. My whole life, brief as it was, had been spent in that big old house, gracefully touched with the laughter and tears of four generations. (Paragraph 1) Paraphrase: I spent my whole life, although it was so brief, in that big old house, in which four generations of our family had lived harmoniously and experienced both happiness and sadness.Explanation: “brief as it was” In a formal style, as can be used in a special word order to mean although. The construction suggests a very emphatic contrast. Frosty as it was, they still went out. (Although it was very extremely cold, they still went out.) Bravely as they fought, they had no chance of winning. (Although they fought so bravely, they had no chance of winning.) Translation: 我这一辈子都是在这的旧大宅子中度过的，尽管生命非常短暂，我却深深地体会到了一家四代人的欢笑与泪水。2. I felt a hand rest on my shoulder. (Paragraph 2) Explanation: The word feel can be followed by the “object + infinitive (without to )” structure.Did you feel the earth move?He felt her hand tense up in his.Translation: 我感到有只手搭在我的肩上。Paragraphs 5-13Words and Expressions10. pick: vt. vi.1) take what one likes or considers best, or most suitable from a groupe.g. One of my sisters has been picked for the Olympic team.The police asked him if he could pick (out) the killer from a series of photos.2) gather; pull or break off (part of a plant) from a tree or plante.g. Machines pick the fruit from/off the trees. They spent the summer picking strawberries.3) take up or remove sth. separately or bit by bit using the fingers, a beak, a pointed instrument, etc.e.g. He was on his knees picking crumbs off the carpet.Comparison: choose, select, pickchoose: It stresses a choice of the best suited between or among things under consideration, which is the result of ones judgment.e.g. She said she had chosen the skirt because its color was just right for the season.select: It stresses a choice of sth. best to ones liking or desire among many things present through careful examination and discrimination, with a view to a given purpose.e.g. You may select whatever you like as the birthday gift.pick: It is an informal word and a synonym to select.e.g. Mary picked a red skirt because she liked red.Exercise : Choose the proper word to fill each blank in the following sentences. choose select pick(1) I _ a piece of fluff off my shiny black suit. (picked)(2) After careful comparison, Beijing was _ as the city where the 2008 Olympic Games were to be held. (selected)(3) Mr. Johnson was_ to participate in the project because of his being a fully qualified engineer. ( chosen )11. hoarse adj. (of a voice) rough-sounding, as though the surface of the throat is rougher than usual, e.g. when the speaker has a sore throate.g. Youll make yourself hoarse if you keep shouting like that!12. evil 1) n. a great wickedness or misfortunee.g. Drug-addiction is one of todays great social evils.Theres always a conflict between good and evil in his plays.2) adj. immoral, cruel, or very unpleasante.g. Its a battle against the countrys most evil terrorists. Synonyms: corrupt, vicious, wicked, maliciousAntonyms: good, honest, moral, sinless13. tiny adj. extremely small; very smalle.g. Though she was tiny, she had a very loud voice.Synonyms: mini, small, little, puny, slightAntonyms: big, enormous, great, huge, large, vastComparison: small, little, tinysmall: It refers to size and is the usual opposite of big or large.e.g. Could I have a hamburger and a small Coke please?little: It refers to size but it also expresses the speakers feelings. e.g. They live in a beautiful little village.14. part vt. (to cause to) separate or be no longer togethere.g. To be parted from him even for only two days made her sad. Tony bent to look out of the window, parting the curtains with one hand.Derivations: parted adj. parting n. / adj.e.g. On his wall he has a poster of Marilyn Monroe, her lips forever parted (= separated) in anticipation.The pain of parting had lessened over the years.Translation:结婚这三十年间他们几乎从未分开过。They were hardly ever parted in thirty years of marriage.The sunlight flooded the room when he parted the curtains.他拉开窗帘，屋里顿时充满了阳光。15. bring back 1) cause to returne.g. All library books must be brought back before the end of the term.2) obtain and return withe.g. He always brings me back something nice when he goes abroad. Travellers brought back news of the outside world.3) cause to return to the minde.g. The photos brought back some wonderful memories. Seeing her again brought all the sweet memories back.4) start to do or use something that was done or used in the paste.g. Few politicians are in favour of bringing back the death penalty. He wants to bring back the glamour of the old Hollywood films.Sentences3. . before your mother was even a dream. (Paragraph 10) Paraphrase: . before your grandma and I could think about having a daughter/long before your mother was born. 4. I used to watch him pick roses for his mother. (Paragraph 10)Translation: 过去，我常看到他为他母亲采摘玫瑰花。Explanation: The word watch can be followed by the “object + infinitive (without to)” or “object + -ing” structure, but there is often a difference in meaning. The use of an infinitive indicates the whole of an action or event, and that of an -ing form suggests part of an action or event.I watched her cross the road. (from one side to the other)I watched her crossing the road. (in the middle of the road, on her way across)5. Take that special hello and lock it away within you in that place in your heart where summer is an always time. (Paragraph 13) Paraphrase: Bear that special hello in your mind and never forget it so that you will be always filled with the joy and happiness of summer. Explanation: Note that the word always is usually an adverb, rarely used as an adjective. However, it is used as an adjective in this sentence by the writer in the meaning of “everlasting.”Translation: 请将那特别的问候深藏于心珍藏在你内心那充满永恒夏日阳光之处。 6. When you and your friends must part, I want you to reach deep within you and bring back that first hello. (Paragraph 13)Paraphrase: When you and your friends must separate, I hope that you can recall the joy and happiness you got when you first greeted each other.Translation: 在你必须与你朋友分别时，希望你能于内心深处找回初次问候时的喜悦。Paragraphs 14-20Words and Expressions 16. gravely adv. in a way showing great seriousness; (of manner) in a state of being serious and solemne.g. “The situation poses a serious threat to peace,” said the ambassador gravely. 大使严肃地说：“这样的局势对和平形成严重的威胁。”Synonym: seriouslyDerivations: grave adj. gravity n.e.g. His face was grave as he told them about the accident.He doesnt seem to understand the gravity of the situation.17. beloved adj./n. (a person who is) dearly lovede.g. His beloved wife died. It is a gift from my beloved. (=from my wife, husband, etc.)18. summon vt. 1) order officially to comee.g. The guards were summoned into the presence of the Queen.2) tell or request people to come to; convenee.g. At the critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to a meeting to work out new strategies and tactics which would make it possible to conquer the enemy.在紧急关头，军长召集全体军官开会，制定新的克敌战略战术。Collocation:summon sth. up 1) bring (a quality) out of oneself, esp. with an efforte.g. She had to summon up all her strength to lift the rock.I cant summon up much enthusiasm for the project.2) cause sth. to come into the mind; evoke sth.e.g. He summoned up his memory of his former neighbour.Derivation: summoner n.19. turn: n.1) an act of turning; a single movement completely round a fixed pointe.g. Dont pull the handle; give it a turn.Give the key a turn, and the lock will open.2) a point of change in timee.g. Young people at the turn of the century must draw up a mighty blueprint.世纪之交的年轻人必须绘制一幅宏伟的蓝图。Collocations:at every turn: everywhere or all the timeby turns: (of people or their actions) one after the other; in rotationin turn: afte