演讲翻译的批评赏析.ppt

演讲翻译的欣赏批评 Nicole 演讲 历史 特点 分类等 演讲的翻译 演讲翻译的赏析与批评 演讲演讲的历史演讲的分类演讲的特点 演讲的定义 演讲又叫讲演或演说 是指在公众场所 以有声语言为主要手段 以体态语言 面部表情 手势动作 身体姿态等 为辅助手段 针对某个具体问题 鲜明 完整地发表自己的见解和主张 阐明事理或抒发情感 进行宣传鼓动的一种语言交际活动 主要形式 大体有如下四种 照读式演讲背诵式演讲提纲式演讲即兴式演讲 分类 介绍型演讲告知型演讲劝说型演讲特殊场合演讲 1 按演讲内容大致分为 政治演讲 包括竞选演说 就职演说 或称施政演说 会议辩论 集会演说等 教育演讲 包括知识讲座 学术报告等 宗教演讲 经济演讲 包括商业广告演讲 投标介绍演讲等 军事演讲等 2 按演讲的目的大致分为 娱乐性演讲 传授性演讲 或称学术演讲 说服性演讲 鼓动性演讲 凭吊性演讲 或称葬礼性演讲 等等 3 按演讲场所大致分为 游说性演讲 巡回演讲 街头演讲 宫廷演讲 法庭演讲 或称司法演讲 课堂演讲 教堂演讲 大会演讲 宴会演讲 广播演讲和电视演讲 等等 演讲的特点 语言 通俗易懂 形象生动逻辑 严谨缜密结构 清晰明了篇章 安排紧凑 层次分明修辞 运用丰富 比喻 对照 对偶 层进 排比 反复 头韵等 PhonologicallevelLexicallevelTextualLevel Alliteration Alliterationistherepetitionofaninitialsound usuallyaconsonant intwoormorewordsthatoccurclosetogether Itisusedtoachievethebeautyofsound Duringthespeech itcanimpresstheaudienceandattracttheirattentionbyusingtherepetitionofaninitialconsonantclusterinstressedsyllablesandputtingrelatedwordstogether InMichelle saddress thisapproachhasbeencarriedoutinthefollowingexamples Weweresoyoung soinlove andsoindebt Iwasworriedaboutwhatitwouldmeanforourgirlsifhegotthatchance Successisn tabouthowmuchmoneyyoumake it saboutthedifferenceyoumake Assonance 半韵 Twoormoreneighboringwordshavethesamevowels E g 1 NATOseemstobeabletomakeorbreaktheworld 2 Youhavetherighttohireorfire Consonance Twoormoreneighboringwordshavethesameendinginpronunciation E g 1 Hehasarealstrokeoflucktohavesuchaconsideratewife 2 TowinChina sheartandwallet UShadtosaysorrytoChinaafteritbombedtheChineseEmbassyinYugoslavia ParallelconstructionorParallelism Definition Parallelingofwords phrases sentencesorparagraphs thesamegrammaticalstructure clarifyingtheideaofthespeakerorstressingthemeaning Example Nowthetriumphsummonsusagain notasacalltobeararms thougharmsweneed notasacalltobattle thoughembattledweare butacalltobeartheburdenofalongtwilightstruggle yearinandyearout rejoicinginhope patientintribulation astruggleagainstthecommonenemiesofman tyranny poverty diseaseandwaritself byJohnKennedy 1 Yes fortherearetimeswhenallpray forthesafetyoftheirlovedones thereturnofthebreadwinner oftheirchampion oftheirprotector 2 Weobservetodaynotavictoryofpartybutcelebrationoffreedom symbolizinganendaswellasbeginning signifyingrenewalaswellaschange byJohnF Kennedy InauguralAddress Istandheretodayhumbledbythetaskbeforeus gratefulforthetrustyouhavebestowed mindfulofthesacrificesbornebyourancestors 2 Rather ithasbeentherisk takers thedoers themakersofthings 3 Butthosevaluesuponwhichoursuccessdepends hardworkandhonesty courageandfairplay toleranceandcuriosity loyaltyandpatriotism 4 havedutiestoourselves ournationandtheworld 5 Startingtoday wemustpickourselvesup dustourselvesoff andbeginagaintheworkofremakingAmerica 6 andemergedfromthatdarkchapterstrongerandmoreunited wecannothelpbutbelievethattheoldhatredsshallsomedaypass thatthelinesoftribeshallsoondissolve thatastheworldgrowssmaller ourcommonhumanityshallrevealitself andthatAmericamustplayitsroleinusheringinaneweraofpeace 7 Wewillbuildtheroadsandbridges theelectricgridsanddigitallinesthatfeedourcommerceandbindustogether Wewillrestoresciencetoitsrightfulplace andwieldtechnology swonderstoraisehealthcare squalityandloweritscost Wewillharnessthesunandthewindsandthesoiltofuelourcarsandrunourfactories Andwewilltransformourschoolsandcollegesanduniversitiestomeetthedemandsofanewage 8 TotheMuslimworld weseekanewwayforward basedonmutualinterestandmutualrespect Tothoseleadersaroundtheglobewhoseektosowconflict orblametheirsociety sillsontheWest Knowthatyourpeoplewilljudgeyouonwhatyoucanbuild notwhatyoudestroy Tothosewhoclingtopowerthroughcorruptionanddeceitandthesilencingofdissent knowthatyouareonthewrongsideofhistory butthatwewillextendahandifyouarewillingtounclenchyourfist Tothepeopleofpoornations wepledgetoworkalongsideyoutomakeyourfarmsflourishandletcleanwatersflow tonourishstarvedbodiesandfeedhungryminds Andtothosenationslikeoursthatenjoyrelativeplenty wesaywecannolongeraffordindifferencetosufferingoutsideourborders norcanweconsumetheworld sresourceswithoutregardtoeffect 9 Thisisthepriceandthepromiseofcitizenship Thisisthesourceofourconfidence theknowledgethatGodcallsonustoshapeanuncertaindestiny Thisisthemeaningofourlibertyandourcreed ByBarakObama 2 演讲词翻译的原则完整性 开头 中间及结尾及其铺陈 和格局清晰性 通俗生动的语言 朴素的语言 形象的语言 幽默的语言或警局跌宕起伏 有张有弛 有起有伏灵活性 不走失愿意 力求其易懂 演讲者的历史背景演讲者的演讲风格演讲当时的背景演讲语篇的总体意义措辞造句修辞 Example1 Theveryfoundingofthisinstitutionstandsasatestmenttotherestlesscuriosity theboundlesshopesoessentialnotjottothescienticenterprise buttotheexperiementwecallAmerica Example2 Federalfundinginthephysicalsciencesasaportionofourgrossdomesticproducthasfallenbynearlyhalfoverthepastquartercentury 2 语言通畅 逻辑清晰 Example3 IwasjustinformedbackstagethatRalphandJohnbothare1965graduatesof sameclassandsoIamnotsurethistheperfectlyprescribedscientificmethod buttheyaresortofacontrolgroup whoagesfaster ThePresident sscientificAdvisororthePresidentoftheAcademy Andwewillcheckinacoupleofyears Example4 Eveninthehardesttimesagaintsthetoughestodds We venevergiveninapessimism We veneversurrenderedourfatestochance We veendured Wehaveworkedhard Wesoughtoutnewfrontier 演讲翻译的赏析与批评 GettysburgAddress翻译欣赏与批评 GettysburgAddress Deliveredonthe19thDayofNovember 1863CemeteryHill Gettysburg Pennsylvania Fourscoreandsevenyearsago ourfathersbroughtforthuponthiscontinentanewNation conceivedinLiberty anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal 译本1 这个国家以自由为理想 以致力于实现人人享有天赋的平等权利为目标 译本2 建立了一个以自由为理想 以人人平等为宗旨的新国家 译本3 我们的先辈在这片大陆上建立了一个新国家 她孕育于自由之中 致力于人人生来平等的主张 译本4 建立了一个崭新的国家 她以自由为立国之本 并致力于这样的奋斗目标 即人人生来都具有平等权利 译本5 我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家 它孕育于自由之中 奉行一切人生而平等的原则 Now weareengagedinagreatCivilWar testingwhetherthatNation oranynationsoconceivedandsodedicated canlongendure Wearemetonagreatbattlefieldofthatwar Wehavecometodedicateaportionofthatfieldasafinalresting placeforthosewhogavetheirlivesthatNationmightlive Itisaltogetherfittingandproperthatweshoulddothis 译本1 现在我们正在进行异常伟大的国内战争 我们的国家或任何一个有着同样理想与目标的国家能否长久存在 译本2 现在我们在进行一场大内战 考研这个国家 或者任何一个主张自由平等的国家 能否长久存在 译本3 我们正在进行一场意义重大的内战 这场内战 正考验着我们这个或其他孕育于自由 主张人人生来平等的每一个国家 能否长久存在下去 译本4 现在我们正在进行一场伟大的内战 这场战争能够考验我们的国家 或任何一个具有同样立国之本和同样奋斗目标的国家 是否能够持久存在 译本5 现在我们正从事一场伟大的内战 以考验这个国家 或者说以考验任何一个孕育于之中 奉行上上述原则的国家能否长久持久下去 But inalargersense wecannotdedicate wecannotconsecrate wecannothallowthisground Thebravemen livinganddead whostruggledhere haveconsecrateditfaraboveourpowertoaddordetract Theworldwilllittlenotenorlongrememberwhatwesayhere butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere 译本1 然而 从深一层的意义上来说 我们没有能力奉献这块土地 没有能力使这块土地变得更加神圣 译本2 但