高中英语 Unit1（单元辅导01） 译林牛津版必修4.doc

英语必修4译林牛津unit 1（单元辅导01）话题领悟一 背景导入some slogans for advertisements1. good to the last drop. 滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。（麦斯威尔咖啡）2. obey you thirst. 服从你的渴望。（雪碧）3. the new digital era. 数码新时代。（索尼影蝶机）4. take time to indulge. 尽情享受吧！（雀巢冰激凌）5. poetry in motion, dancing close to me. 动态的诗，向我舞近。（丰田汽车）6. just do it. 只管去做。（耐克运动鞋）7. the taste is great. 味道好极了。（雀巢咖啡）8. feel the new space. 感受新境界。（三星电子）9. intelligence everywhere. 智慧演绎， 无处不在。（摩托罗拉手机）10. the choice of a new generation. 新一代的选择。（百事可乐）11. lets make things better. 让我们做得更好。（飞利浦电子）12. no business too small, no problems too big. 没有不做的小生意，没有解决不了的大问题。（ibm公司）二 自主探究1where can ads be found? how do people react to ads?_2. what are the basic principles and function of advertisements?_3. do all the ads make profits? if not, could you please show us your explanation?_课堂演练reading一快捷识记1 we are so used to them that we often do not even realize how many we see and hear in a day. 我们已经对广告习以为常了，以至于我们常常忽略了一天看过或听过多少广告。在so + adj. / adv. / v. + that. 结构中，平时较为见的是so后面加形容词或副词，本句的结构中的so是对be used to something / doing something这一动词短语的修饰。he was so happy that he even jumped up and down.他是如此的高兴以至于都上窜下跳了。the boy ran so quickly that his mother couldnt catch up with him.那男孩跑得如此之快以至于他的妈妈都赶不上他。the good news so excited the crew that they set sail at once.这个好消息使全体船员如此的激动以至于他们马上就起航了。2. we must not fall for this kind of trick. 我们(消费者)不能跌入这样的（消费广告）陷阱。fall 在此句中意为“be cheated or be played trick on”fall 还有意思为“失去地位或垮台”the government fell after the revolution。fall还可以作为联系动词，相当于become/turnshe fell silent at the key moment, thus the talk broke down half way.在关键时刻她突然变得默不作声，这让和谈半途而费。3. china began a nationwide public service advertising campaign in 1996, and since then various types of psas have appeared around the country. 中国在96年展开了一场公共广告服务的运动，从那时候起，大量的公益广告在全国涌现。nationwide = all over the nation campaign = series of planned activities with a particular social aim “运动”an advertising campaign 广告宣传运动 / an election campaign 竞选运动阅读延伸 nowadays whenever you are on the website, (1)_ advertisements are being kicked here and there. most of us are so (2)_ the phenomenon(现象) that they often consider them as (3)_. in fact, an advertising (4)_ is (5)_ trick careless readers. in order to (6)_ its product, and to persuade (7)_ into buying its product, they pay to design all types of exciting pictures and (8)_ speeches. many of the (9)_ may (10)_ for this kind of trick.word power一、快捷识记常见后缀1.名词后缀 (1) -er表示“从事某种职业的人，某地区的人” banker, villager, londoner. (2) or,表示“者” doctor, operator, inventor2.形容词后缀 -able, comfortable, valuable, movable -ish, foolish, selfish boyish -ful, helpful, wonderful, beautiful-ine, marine, feminine, masculine(3) 动词后缀 -ize, modernize, organize -en, quicken, weaken, soften, harden -fy, beautify, simplify(4)副词后缀-ly, possibly, simply -ward, downward, upward -wise, otherwise, clockwise -ways, always, sidewaysgrammar and usage一、快捷识记（一）陈述句如果引述的句子原来是一个陈述句，在变成间接引语时要注意以下几点：1在引语的开头用连词that he said: “mother, sister is in her room.” he told his mother that sister is in her room.2. 根据意思改变人称he said to me: “i have left my book in your room.” he told me that he had left his book in my room.3. 注意引语中的谓语与句子主要谓语在时态上一致mary said, “im getting on well.” mary said that she was getting on well.4. 根据意思将指示代词，地点及时间状语等作必要的变动在直接引语中在间接引语中指示代词thisthesenowtodaythatthosethenthat day表时间的词this week (month, etc.)yesterdaylast week (month, etc.)two days (a year, etc.) agothe day before yesterdaytomorrownext week(month, etc.)the ay after tomorrowthat week(month, etc)the day beforethe week(month, etc.) beforetwo days(a year, etc.) beforetwo days beforethe next (following) daythe next (following) week (month, etc)two days afterin two days time表地点的词herethere动词comego二 特殊疑问句 在引述一个特殊疑问句时，连词that 是永远不能用的。除了注意人称，状语等的变更和时态的一致之外， 还要注意把引语的语序变为陈述句语序。mr. smith asked, “whats your name?” mr. smith asked what my name was.she asked, “how are you getting along?” she asked us (them ) how we (they) were getting along.三 一般疑问句如果直接引语是一个一般疑问句或反意疑问句时，通常用whether或if引导，而引述选择疑问句时，只能用whether引导。he asked, “are you sure your mother will come?” he asked whether(if) i was sure my mother would come.he asked: “are you a teacher or a student?” he asked me whether i was a teacher or a student.四 祈使句引述祈使句通常用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。引述表示命令的祈使句，常用动词order, tell, warn ; 引述表示请求的祈使句常用动词ask, beg; 引述表示建议劝告的祈使句常用动词advise等。he said, “please come here again tomorrow.” he asked me to go there again tomorrow.he said, “dont do that again.” he told me not to do that again.he said, “do have a look yourself first.” he advised me to have a look myself first.二随堂过关句型转换（每空只能填一个词） 1. “why did you come so late?” mr. smith asked me. mr. smith wanted to know _ _ _ _ so late. 2. xiao li said to me, “i joined the party in 1980.” xiao li _ me that _ _ the party in 1980. 3. “can i make you a cup of coffee?” she asked. she asked _ _ _ _ _ a cup of coffee. 4. he said, “it was completed a year ago.” he said it _ _ _ a year _. 5. mike said, “im starting the work the day after tomorrow.” mike said _ _ _ _ the work _ _ _ _. 6. he said, “dont look up any words.” he _ _ _ _ look up any words. 7. “please keep quiet.” the teacher said. the teacher _ _ _ keep quite. 8. “is this book yours or his?” the teacher asked. the teacher asked _ _ _ was _ or his.task一、快捷识记1. there was no change. the figure / percentage remained/stayed the same. 没有任何变化发生。销售额或百分比保持不变。上述句子中，remain 和stay都是联系动词，后多加名词，形容词作表语。in order to remain healthy, he takes exercise every morning. 为了保持身体健康，他每天都进行早锻炼。remain 和stay 还可以作实意动词使用。the teacher asked me to remain after school.老师让我放学后留下来。he stayed at home during the christmas as it was raining hard outside.由于一直在下雨，他圣诞节没有外出。you should stay calm when you are in danger. 遇到危险时要保持冷静。project一、快捷识记1. have you ever thought of starting an ad campaign about social concerns? 你是否想过开展一项关于社会问题的运动？concern 在此句中是名词，意为“关心的事情”concern还可作为动词使用，常见的短语为be concern about对关心,关注my parents are much concern about my marks after the college entrance examination.高考后父母对我的高考成绩很关注。2. unlike a single advertisement, an ad campaign is an planned programme of advertisements using various kinds of ads to reach a certain audience. 与单个的广告所不同的是，广告运动是使用各种广告来迎合特定观众群体的有组织的广告节目。unlike是连词，意为“不像, 不同于”；而dislike是动词，意思是“不喜欢”unlike his mother, he dislikes noodles at all.他不像他母亲，他一点也不喜欢面条。3. it is important to always try to appeal to the way the audience . appeal to迎合投合的心意或兴趣teaching as a career appeals to many people because of the holidays.教师之所以迎合很多人的职业趋向是因为有寒暑假期。二随堂过关1the rise of oil costs _the price of food.a. appeals to b. appeal on c. appeal tod. appeals on 2. he didnt come to the party and that is _ his usual action.a. unlike b. dislikes c. unlikingd. unlikes3. those who _ the state events would watch tv or read newspapers everymoring.a. is concerned aboutb. are concerned aboutc. are concerning with d. are concerned with高考链接 if you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. this is the research finding of a team of japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exerciseand as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon.professor taiju matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.with a team of colleagues at tokyo national university, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character. (the rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.)contraction of front and side partsas cells die offwas observed i some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds.matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with ageusing the head.the findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. those least at risk, says matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. white collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.matsuzawas findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. “the best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,” he says, “think hard and engage in conversation. dont rely on pocket calculators.”36. the team of doctors wanted to find out _.a. why certain people age sooner than others b. how to make people live longerc. the size of certain peoples brains d. which people are most intelligent【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“professor taiju matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.”可知医生们想要研究出为什么一些人比其他人老得更快。37. on what are their research findings based?a. a survey of farmers in northern japan. b. tests performed on a thousand old people.c. the study of brain volumes of different people d. the latest development of computer technology.【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。由“he set about measu