英语修辞与写作复习资料.doc

英语修辞与写作课程期末考试复习资料修辞手法1. Alliteration (1) Penny wise, pound foolish.(2) Wilful waste makes woeful want. (3) Without wisdom, wealth is worthless.(4) We shape our own destiny with conviction, compassion, and clear and common purpose. (B. Obama: Weekly Address,November 25th, 2010)2. Rhyme (1) Haste makes waste.(2) Man proposes, God disposes.(3) Little stokes fell great oaks. (4) His great gaunt figure filled the cabin door, And had he fallen inward on the floor, He must have measured to the further wall. (R. Frost: The Figure in the Doorway)3. Simile (1) My roommates stood there as motionless as statues.(2) Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.(3) Ambition is to life just what steam is to the locomotive.(4) Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt and cannot last. (F. Bacon: Of Beauty) 4. Metaphor (1) Life is a journey. (2) Jim was a fox.(3) She is the apple of his eye.(4) The news is a dagger to his heart.5. Metonymy(1) He drank a cup.(2) She set a good table.(3) He is fond of the bottle.(4) The pen is mightier than the sword. 6. Synecdoche(1) The kettle is boiling. (2) Great minds think alike.(3) He smokes two packs per day.(4) The poor creature could no longer endure her sufferings.7. Personification(1) Fear gripped his heart.(2) This time fate was smiling to him.(3) His words sent a quiver through my body.(4) The morning sun greeted us as we came out on deck. 8. Hyperbole(1) Im the luckiest man in the world.(2) Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay.(3) The noise was big enough to wake the dead.(4) I loved Ophelia: forty thousand brothers could not, with all their quantity of love, make up my sum. (W. Shakespeare: Hamlet)9. Oxymoron(1) His air was one of friendly hostility.(2) The coach had to be cruel to be kind to his trainees.(3) I like a smuggler. He was the only honest thief.(4) No light, but rather darkness visible.10. Euphemism (1) The girl is hard of hearing.(2) The boy is a bit slow for his age. (3) Its five years since he passed away.(4) Im afraid he has distorted the fact.11. Parallelism(1) He doesnt ride, nor shoot, nor fish, nor swim.(2) Lumber, corn, tobacco, wheat, and furs moved downstream to the delta country.(3) An Englishman thinks seated; a Frenchman, standing; an American, pacing; an Irishman, afterward.(4) We can gain knowledge by reading, by reflection, by observation or by practice. 12. Antithesis(1) Speech is silver; silence is gold.(2) We find ourselves rich in goods, but ragged in spirit, reaching with magnificent precision for the moon, but falling into raucous discord on earth. (R. Nixon)(3) I had walked into that reading room a happy healthy man. I crawled out a decrepit wreck. (J. K. Jerome: The Three Men in a Boat) (4) It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of light, it was the season of darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way. (C. Dickens: A Tale of Two Cities)13. Climax (1) I came, I saw, I conquered.(2) Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some to be chewed and digested. (F. Bacon: Of Studies)(3) But in a large sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. 14. Anticlimax(1) For God, for America, and for Yale. (2) He lost his empire, his family and his fountain pen. (3) The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.(4) The explosion completely destroyed a church, two houses, and a flowerpot.词汇1. pioneer/premature/prior/past 2. obstacle/fault/offense/distress 3. adapt/stick/ yield/ adopt 4. procedure/protection/allowance/access 5. bare/vacant/hollow/blank 6.adopt/ acquire/accumulate/assemble 7. reduce / fade / dim /faint 8. superior/productive /splendid/ prosperous 9. raise /promote /heighten/ increase 10. profit/gain/reward/ price 改错1) He is not only a good pianist, but also a good singer as well.2) This pretty actress keeps appearing in TV serials repeatedly.3) As a rule, students are usually not allowed to take books out of this reading room.4) According to the speaker, it is obvious that the responsibility system has helped to increase production and he has no doubt about it.5) One reason why people are well informed in this country is because of the fact that there are many newspapers which can easily be bought or subscribed to.6) Statistics show that in the decade from 1980 to 1990 enrollments at this school doubled: in 1990 there were twice as many students as in 1980.7) There are so many inexperienced unskilled workers without training in a particular job that production of the factory has been affected.8) There are about 50 patients or so in this ward, among whom many are being given acupuncture treatment.9) His name is called James Williams.10) Whatever he does, he works seriously with great care, and does his best so as to do it well.11）I am quiet jealous of your opportunity to study at such a famous university.12) The essay is poorly organized, there is no central idea.13) There are a number of students who want to join the drama club. He was kind enough to let me share the same umbrella with him.14) Zhao was the person who was elected the representative of the class by the whole class.15) At the present time I am taking the course of World History and in addition a course in geography too.16) The plane circled around the airport for about ten minutes or so and then disappeared a