高中英语《Unit1 Livingwell》语法探究 新人教版选修7.doc

unit 1 living well语法探究动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题（1）不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。his job is to guard.(说明内容)be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事)（2）带不定式作宾语的词语。下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。（3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb.to do sth.主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.（4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。there is no one to look after her.不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。she is now looking for a room to live in.（5）不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。we hurried to the classroom only to find none there .in order(not)to,so as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough,too, so as to do, such + 名词 as to do作结果状语，如:the girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.im not such a fool as to believe that.（6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。the novel was said to have been published.i regret to have been with you for so many years.seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）im sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。（a）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时。（b）was / were to + 不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。（c）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。（7）不定式的省略。 同一结构并列由and或or连接。i want to finish my homework and go home.im really puzzled what to think or say.特例：to be or not to be, this is a question.he is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。what he did was lose the game.句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。dont do anything silly, such as marry him.主句含有不定式，后面有rather than, rather than后省to。why not、had better、would rather、cant but等词后省to。如：he could not but walk home.（8）不定式的替代。多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如：susan is not what she used to be.you came late last night. you ought to have finished yourhomework.i know i ought to have.常见的有：id like / love / be happy to.(9)动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, cant stand例 句解 析1. it began to rain. it began raining.2. it was beginning to snow.3. i love lying (to lie)on my back.4. i like listening to music, but today i dont like to.5. i don t prefer to swim in the river now.1. 意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时，后面只跟不定式。2. 表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。remember, forget, regret, try例 句解 析1. i remember to meet her at the station.i remember seeing her once somewhere.2. i forgot giving it to you yesterday. i forgot to tell you about it. now here it is.3. i regret not having working hard. i regret to hear of your sisters death. 4. try knocking at the back door. we must try to get everything ready.5. that will mean flooding some land. i had meant to go on monday.1. remember to do sth.记住要做的事 remember doing sth.回顾过去发生的事2. forget to do sth.忘记要做的事 forget doing sth.忘记做过的事3. regret to do sth.对将要做的事抱歉 regret doing sth.对发生过的事后悔4. try to do sth.设法，试图 try doing sth.试试看，试一试5. mean to do sth.打算做，想要 mean doing sth.意味着，就是 want, require, need例 句解 析these desks need repairing.the