13.状语从句.doc

望子成龙学校（高中英语语法） 13.状语从句 by Bryson ZHAO状语从句 (ADVERBIAL CLAUSE)1.时间状语从句 常用引导词：when, whenever, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until, since, hardly/scarely/barely when/before(刚.就.), no soonerthan (一. 就.)特殊引导词：directly, immediately, the instant, the moment, the minute, the second, the day, the year, each / every time, next time, the first time, the second time, the last time, by the time(到.的时候)2.地点状语从句 常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere3.原因状语从句 常用引导词：because, since, as, since特殊引导词：seeing that（既然）, now that, in that, considering that（考虑到，因为）, given that, not thatbut that（不是因为而是因为）, by reason that, for the reason that, on the ground that（由于）状语从句4.目的状语从句 常用引导词：that（为了，以便）, so that, in order that特殊引导词：lest(以防), in case, for fear that(以防), for the purpose that5.结果状语从句 常用引导词：so that, so that, such that, such that, so特殊引导词：that(因而), to such a degree that , to such an extent that, with the result that( 结果是,因此), otherwise, or else6.条件状语从句 常用引导词：if, unless, only if（只要）, if only（但愿）, as/so long as ,in case特殊引导词：providing/provided that（假如）, suppose/supposing that, on condition that（条件是）, given that, granted / granting that7.让步状语从句 常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ， in spite of the fact that（尽管）, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever8.比较状语从句 常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较),less特殊引导词：the more the more ; just as 9.方式状语从句 常用引导词：as, as as(像.一样), not so(as) as (不像.一样), just as ,as if/though, how,特殊引导词：the way1、 时间状语从句1. when,while, as的用法从属连词when, while, as都可以用来引导时间状语从句，译为“在时候”。但在具体用法上又不尽相同。（1） 在这三个连词中，when用得最广，常可替代while和as。与while相比，when引导的从句，动词既可以是延续性的，也可是终止性的。as在这一点上与when相同，while所引导的从句中，动词只能是延续的。When the fire broke out, all the students were sleeping soundly.The telephone rang while I was taking a bath.（2） 当两个延续性动作同时发生而又具有对比意味时，用while，在这样的复合句中，主句和从句的时态通常是相同的。Father was preparing a report while I was playing PC games.While I played the piano, my elder sister did her homework.（3） 表述两个发展变化中的情况时常用asAs he talked on, he got more and more excited.As you grow older, youll know better and better about yourself.（4） 表示“一边一边”时，常用as。As he was reading, he was shaking his head, which surely slowed down his reading speed.（5） 表示随着短暂动作的发生，另一行为伴随发生时，常用as。My cap was blown away as I sat down.2. until/till这两个词几乎在用法上没有区别Ill wait until/till the concert is over.【注】not until放句首，主句应用部分倒装Not until all the fish had died did the farmers realize how serious the pollution was.3. since的用法（1） since表示自某一时间点以来，主句常用完成时态或完成进行时，在强调语意时since前可加ever。主句可以用持续性动词，也可以用非持续性动词，用非持续性动词时必须强调动作的频度或多次、多个，从句谓语动词一般是非延续性动词。Great changes have taken place since you left this city.I have returned home twice since I settled down in the US.They have been living very happily ever since they got married.（2） since引导的从句中，如若是持续性动词，往往理解为某一状态的终止。Its been a year since I worked there. _（3） It is .since.和It has been.since.这两者几乎可以互换，不过口语中常用前者。It is/has been a few years since we last met.It is/has been a long time since Mary was ill.4. before（1） 一般情况下before表示“在之前”，但在翻译时，可以稍微灵活些，比如“还未就”，“不到就”，“才”，“趁”，“还没来得及”等I must finish this letter before I go home.All the birds flew away before I started to fire.We had sailed 4 days and 4 nights before we saw the land.Please write it down before you forget it.Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.（2） It will be+一段时间+before. 多久之后才It will be half a year before I come back.It wont be long before we meet again.5. 名词短语引导状语从句表示时间的名词短语有时也可以引导时间状语从句The day he returned home, his father was already dead.Every time I see him, he is working hard.6. by the time的用法这个词组通常用来表示到某一时间点为止，主句常用完成时态，但是如果主句是be的系表形式或像know等表示“认知”的持续性动词，则往往用一般时态。By the time he was 12, he had traveled to more than 30 countries to get his diseases cured.By the time I graduate next year, I will have lived here for 5 years.By the time he went abroad, he was 14.7. 表示“一就”引导词的用法 (10个说法！)1) As soon as he heard the news, he jumped with joy.2) Ill give you an answer immediately Ive finished reading your file.3) Directly you feel any pains, you must go to see the doctor.4) Please give me a phone call instantly you arrive.5) No sooner had I begun to talk than he rang off.6) Hardly had I told him my name when he stopped listening.7) Scarcely had I started to sing when he ran away.8) On arriving at the countryside / On her arrival at the countryside, she felt a gust of cool air.9) He burst into tears at the sight of the warm scene.10) I will call you the moment / the minute I get to Paris. 【注意：第5、6、7条中，主句的时态是_,并且要_】2、 地点状语从句地点状语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。Make marks where you have questions.We live where the road crosses the river.Where there is a will, there is a way.3、 原因状语从句原因状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾。1. because, as, since这三个词都有“因为”之意，但用法和具体内涵各异。（1） because的语气最强，用回答why的提问，可表示已知或未知的事实。（2） as的语气最弱，较口语化，所表达的原因比较明显或是已知的事实（3） since的语气较弱，常表示对方已知的事实，往往相当于汉语的“既然”。Since everyone makes mistakes, you shouldnt always criticize him.Since she cant answer this question, its better to ask someone else.2. now that与seeing that主要用于口语中，表示微弱的原因，主从句的因果关系不明显，常译为“既然”,that有时可以省略Now (that) you understand, I dont need to explain again.Seeing that（由于）the weather was not fine, we stayed at home.3. in that的用法这个短语常用于书面语中，表示“由于某种原因”This experiment is worth trusting in that it is based on scientific facts.I like the city, but I prefer the country in that theres fresher air.4、 目的状语从句1.in order that/so that2.for fear (that), in case和lest.均是以防的意思The boy hide himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.5、 结果状语从句1. so thatWe arrived early in the morning, so (that) we caught the first train.2. so.that.He got so little money that his family had to live on welfare money.3. such.thatIt was such a terrible day that none of us would find an excuse for going out to play.6、 条件状语从句注意前面列出的引导词If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.Youll be late again unless you hurry.7、 让步状语从句1. though/although几乎无区别，只是although更正式。2. even if/even thoughEven though/if you say so, I do not believe it.3. asPop star as she is, she still needs to improve.Much as I like it, I wont buy it.4. All the nations should be equal, whether they are strong or not.5. wh-ever的用法：它可以身兼两职，即可引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句。这类词在引导让步状语从句可以换成 no matter+相应的wh-词。【注】why和 whether不能和ever构成wh-词。Whenever Im unhappy, it is my friend who cheers me up.6. while也可引导状语从句尽管网络很有用，但我认为花太多时间在它上面不是个好主意。_8、 比较状语从句1. 同级比较There are as many people in our town as in your town.2. 不同级比较His handwriting is not as good as yours.3. 差级或高级比较He was more successful than we had expected.4. 比较递进关系The sooner you are back, the better it will be.9、 方式状语从句1. 正如，像Will you please do the experiment as I am doing?2. as if/as though（1） 当这两个连接词引导的方式状语从句表示的情况是事实或具有很大的可能性，通常用陈述语气，与look/seem/taste/smell/sound等词连用。It looks as if it is going to rain.It seems as if the boy has lost his way.（2） 若方式状语从句表示的情况不是属实，而是主观的想象或夸大的比喻，通常用虚拟语气。现在的情况用一般过去式，过去的用过去完成时。The young man with long hair looks as if he were a girl.The injured man acted as if nothing had happened to him.（3） 引导的同一个从句所用时态不同，意思也不同。The boss speaks aloud as if he were angry.The boss speaks aloud as if he is angry.3. the way作连词，可表示方式，相当于asShe doesnt speak the way he does.I shall do the work the way my father did.练习 用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句1. Child as she is, she knows a lot of things. 2. The more I can do for the class, the happier Ill be.3. He talks as if (as though) he knew all about it.4. He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect him.5.I shall go to the park unless it rains.6. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.7. Where there is water, there is life.8. He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmates.9. Since you are very busy, I wont trouble you.10. Even if (though) I fail. Ill never lose heart.11. Once you begin the work, you must continue.12. I will find her wherever she may be. 13. Now that youve come, youd better have dinner with us.1. Child as she is, she knows a lot of things. 让步2. The more I can do for the class, the happier Ill be.比较3. He talks as if (as though) he knew all about it.方式4. He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect him.结果5.I shall go to the park unless it rains.条件6. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.时间7. Where there is water, there is life.地点8. He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmates.目的9. Since you are very busy, I wont trouble you.原因10. Even if (though) I fail, Ill never lose heart.让步11. Once you begin the work, you must continue.时间12. I will find her wherever she may be. 让步13. Now that youve come, youd better have dinner with us.原因 望子成龙学校家庭作业科目：英语 课次：第_次课 作业等级：校区： 老师：赵1.(全国卷I 25). Mary made coffee _ her guests were finishing their meal.A. so that B although C. while D. as if2.(全国卷I 30). The little boy wont go to sleep _his mother tells him a story.A. or B. unless C. but D. whether3.(全国卷II 7). Tom was about to close the windows_ his attention was caught by a bird.A. when B. if C. and D. till4.(安徽卷29). The engineer are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _they have the interest.A. wherever B. Whenever C. even if D. as if 5.(安徽卷33). Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one _it becomes available.A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until6.(北京卷30).they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures. A. As B. While C. Until D. Once7.(福建卷26).The girl had hardly rung the bellthe door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her .A. before B. until C. as D. since8.(湖南卷32). Tim is in good shape physically_ he doesnt get much exercise.A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as9.(江西卷22). Our holiday cost a lot of money. Did it? Well, that doesnt matteryou enjoyed yourselves.A. as long as B. unless C. as soon as D. though10.(辽宁卷29). The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife.A. although B. unless C. because D. if11.(山东卷28). The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _ accompanied by an adult. A. once B. when C. if D. unless12.(陕西卷20). John thinks it wont be longhe is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since13.(四川卷20). Because of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch breakshe got to her office. A. since B. that C. when D. until14.(重庆卷32). Today, we will beginwe stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.A. when B. where C. how D. what15.(上海卷34).you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problemC. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem16.(上海卷39).our manager objects to Toms joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. A. Until B. Unless C If D. After17. (09福建33)She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.A. when B. while C. after D. since18. (09陕西13)My parents dont mind what job I do I am happy.A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though19. (09上海32) You cant borrow books from the school library _ you get your student card.A. before B. if C. while D. as20. (09全国10) A