2013同等学力申请硕士学位考试--英语--考前串讲--主观题.pdf

同等学力考研英语同等学力考研英语 考前串讲考前串讲 短文完成短文完成 短文完成短文完成 大纲 大纲 在理解阅读材料的基础上能综合运用词汇 语法 词汇 语法 搭配 语段 篇章搭配 语段 篇章逻辑等方面的知识和上下文对语篇 各层次的信息进行正确判断和完型处理 本部分共设共设20202020题 每题题 每题1 1 1 1分分 考试时间为20分钟 本部分共 有3篇短文 每篇短文自身有3 4个空白 同时 每篇短文前面 又设有3 4个带有1个空白的语言段 这些语言段前设有方框 其中为每个语言段的空白提供了相应的备选答案 本部分要求 考生在理解短文和语言段的基础上完成两项任务 一是从语言一是从语言 段前面的方框中所设的备选答案中选出一个最佳答案分别填入段前面的方框中所设的备选答案中选出一个最佳答案分别填入 各个语言段的空白处各个语言段的空白处 使相应的语言段完整 二是从短文前二是从短文前 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 个语言段选项中选出一个最佳答案分别填入短文的相应空个语言段选项中选出一个最佳答案分别填入短文的相应空 白处白处 两项任务完成后应该使短文完整 做题技巧做题技巧 1 1 1 1 判断答案选项 判断答案选项词性词性 语义 语义 2 2 2 2 判断语言段空白处的 判断语言段空白处的词性词性 语义及 语义及搭配搭配 3 3 3 3 判断完成后的语言段的判断完成后的语言段的成分成分及语义及语义 4 4 4 4 仔细阅读短文空白处的上下文 判断空 仔细阅读短文空白处的上下文 判断空 白处的白处的成分成分及语义 及语义 5 5 5 5 填好后通读句子 填好后通读句子 词汇的词性 句法知识词汇的词性 句法知识 篇章逻辑 篇章逻辑 句子的类型句子的类型 一 简单句一 简单句 完整句完整句 1 1 1 1 主语 谓语 不及物动词 主语 谓语 不及物动词 2 2 2 2 主语 谓语 系动词 主语 谓语 系动词 表语 表语 3 3 3 3 主语 谓语 及物动词 主语 谓语 及物动词 宾语 宾语 4 4 4 4 主语 谓语 及物动词 主语 谓语 及物动词 双宾语 直接宾语和 双宾语 直接宾语和 间接宾语 间接宾语 5 5 5 5 主语 谓语 及物动词 主语 谓语 及物动词 复合宾语 宾语和宾 复合宾语 宾语和宾 语补足语语补足语 二 并列句二 并列句 andandandand butbutbutbut not onlynot onlynot onlynot only but also but also but also but also sosososo forforforfor or or or or nornornornor 三 复合句三 复合句 名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句 简单句的构成简单句的构成 1 1 1 1 主语 谓语 不及物动词 主语 谓语 不及物动词 状语 状语 2 2 2 2 主语 谓语 系动词 主语 谓语 系动词 表语 表语 3 3 3 3 主语 谓语 及物动词 主语 谓语 及物动词 宾语 宾语 名词 代词名词 代词 形容词形容词 副词 介词词组副词 介词词组 名词 代词名词 代词 名词 代词名词 代词 名词 代词名词 代词名词 代词名词 代词 4 4 4 4 主语 谓语 及物动词 主语 谓语 及物动词 双宾语 直接宾语 双宾语 直接宾语 间接宾语 间接宾语 5 5 5 5 主语 谓语 及物动词 主语 谓语 及物动词 复合宾语 宾语 复合宾语 宾语 宾语补足语 宾语补足语 名词 代词名词 代词 名词 代词名词 代词 名词 代词名词 代词 名词 代词名词 代词 名词 代词名词 代词 形容词形容词 名词 代词名词 代词 并列句并列句 1 Think it over again and and and and you ll find a way out 2 Mary is fond of music butbutbutbut Jim is crazy about sports 3 Make up your mind orororor you ll miss the chance 4 I have a class tonight sosososo I can t go to the movie with you I have a class tonightI have a class tonightI have a class tonightI have a class tonight I canI canI canI can t go to the t go to the t go to the t go to the movie with youmovie with youmovie with youmovie with you 仅靠逗号不能连接句子仅靠逗号不能连接句子X X X X 5 The doctor looked tired and sleepy for he sat up all night with the patient For he sat up all night with the patient the doctor looked tired and sleepy X 同等学力考研英语同等学力考研英语 考前串讲考前串讲 翻译翻译 英译汉英译汉 能在不借助词典的情况下 把一般性 题材的文章及科普文章中的句子或段落 从英语译成汉语 能准确地表达原文的 意思 语句通顺 用词基本正确 无重 大语言错误 文章长度 100词左右 时间 30分钟 分值 10101010分 二 翻译的标准及评分方式 1 翻译的标准 2 翻译的评分方式 信信达达雅雅 忠实忠实通顺通顺文雅文雅 三 翻译的难点 英译汉 理解英译汉 理解 汉译英 表达汉译英 表达 三 英译汉的翻译难点 2007年 The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting classifying assigning or promoting students employees and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books magazines the daily press and even in congress The target is wrong for in attacking the tests critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill informed or incompetent users The tests themselves are merely tools with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions Whether the results will be valuable meaningless or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user 翻译难点 英译汉翻译难点 英译汉 一 词汇 关键词和常用词组 二 句型 1 复杂的名词结构 后置定语 2 特殊句型 比较 否定 3 代词的指代 4 长句的理解 三 语序 四 翻译的步骤 三步曲 理解 全篇意思 整句意思 表达 理清语序 准确表达 核对 有无错译 有无漏译 五 英语 汉语两种语言句式上的差异 英语汉语 形合的语言 结构严谨 意合的语言 结构松散 前重心 核心词 修饰成分 后重心 修饰成分 核心词 动词的变化复杂 时态语态 非谓语动词 动词的变化简单 多变化 多替代 多省略 多重复 六 翻译的方法 1 名词词组的翻译 2 动词时态语态 非谓语动词的翻译 3 从句的翻译 1 名词性从句 2 定语从句 3 状语从句 4 特殊句型的翻译 5 长句的理解及翻译 一 名词性从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 主语从句 顺译法顺译法 先译从句先译从句 再译主句再译主句 先译主句先译主句 冒号后再译从句冒号后再译从句 先译从句先译从句 再译主句再译主句 常用句型常用句型 常用主语从句句型 1 It s said reported that 2 It is well known that 3 It turned out that 4 It has been proved that 5 It is predicted supposed estimated that 6 It must be admitted that 7 It it is generally accepted that 8 It cannot be denied that 9 It goes without saying that 二 定语从句 1 限定性定语从句 2 非限定性定语从句 尽量前置 对应于汉语的尽量前置 对应于汉语的 的的 先译主句 再译从句 先译主句 再译从句 重起一句 重复先行词 重起一句 重复先行词 三 状语从句 语序调整适当 时间 地点 原因 条件状语从句在前 住句在后 连词翻译准确 Water is a limited natural resource and a public good fundamental for life and health The human right to water is indispensable for leading a life in human dignity It is essential for the realization of other human rights The Committee has been confronted continually with the widespread denial of the right to water in developing as well as developed countries Over I billion persons lack access to a basic water supply while several billion do not have access to adequate sanitation which is the primary cause of water contamination and diseases linked to water The continuing contamination depletion and unequal distribution of water is aggravating existing poverty States have to adopt effective measures to realize without discrimination the right to water 水是有限的自然资源 也是维持生命和健康的根本 公共利益 对于有尊严的人类生活而言 获得水资 源的权力是不可缺少的 此项权力也是人类其他各 项权力得以实现的必要条件 委员会一直面临着普 遍存在于发展中国家和发达国家的用水权被剥夺的 问题 10亿多人无法获得基本的水供应 几十亿人 口没有充足的卫生设施 而卫生设施的欠缺又恰恰 是水污染和与水相关疾病的主要诱因 持续的污染 损耗和水资源的不均衡分配正在加剧现存的贫困 状况 各国应摒弃歧视 采用有效措施来实现人来 获得使用水资源的权利 同等学力英语同等学力英语 考前串讲考前串讲 写作写作 大纲对短文写作的要求大纲对短文写作的要求 作文部分考试时间为30分钟 考生在规定 的时间内按照题目说明中的要求写出一篇 不少于 150个词的英语短文 形式可为根据 提纲作文 看图作文 描述图表 或根据 一篇所给的文章写出内容提要或读后感等 要求做到文理通顺 切题达意 表达正确 意思连贯 形式形式年份年份次数次数 提纲作文提纲作文 中文97年 99年7 英文98 05 06年 09年 11年 情景作文情景作文 中文95年3 英文96 07年 读后感读后感03年 04年 10年 3 题目题目00年 01年2 图表图表02年1 图画图画08年1 写作过关秘决写作过关秘决 1 先切题 2 段落足 3段 3 要点全 4 字数够 140 200 6 7分 1 不切题 0分 2 2段 9分 1段 4分 3 少1个要点 降一个 档次 4 1分 10个词 5 主题句 6 关联词 7 错误少错误少 8 无错误无错误 9 闪光点 8 10分 11 12分 Write what I CAN Not what I WANT or I Truly BelieveWrite what I CAN Not what I WANT or I Truly BelieveWrite what I CAN Not what I WANT or I Truly BelieveWrite what I CAN Not what I WANT or I Truly Believe 写作备考误区写作备考误区 1 1 1 1 机械背诵范文 机械背诵范文 2 2 2 2 忽视单句写作 忽视单句写作 3 3 3 3 单纯依赖押题 单纯依赖押题 4 4 4 4 只动脑不动手 只动脑不动手 语言准备 1 词汇 2 语法语法 3 句型 关联词语关联词语 句法 时态 语态 闪光词汇 话题词汇 常用句型常用句型 闪光句型 关联词语 1 表示举例 for example for instance such as like if when 2 表 示 并 列 as well as also too and one the other or for one thing for another 3 表示增补 递进 not only but also first second third moreover furthermore in addition additionally even besides 首先 第一 First of allabove all In the first placeto begin start with For one thing 其次 再次 In additionin the second third place For anotherwhat s more 最后 总之 At last in short in a word In conclusionto sum up in the last place At length 4 表示转折 but however nevertheless in contrast though instead in spite of though although on the other hand whereas on the contrary while regardless of by contrast 5 表示因果 so thus therefore hence because since as for as a result consequently lead to attribute to contribute to result in result from cause as the result of due to owing to thanks to 对比对比 On the one hand On the other hand By in contrast On the contrary In fact As a matter of fact 因果因果 由于 因为 Thanks to Because of As a result of Due to On account of Result from 导致 结果 Lead tobring about Result in As a result consequence 6 表 示 总 结 in a word in summary to conclude in conclusion in closing in short to sum up 7 表示时间 first soon then next later after before eventually finally meanwhile now in the future at the same time 8 表示目的 so as to in order to in order that so that for the purpose of 9 表 示 解 释 in other words similarly namely that is that is to say likewise 10 个人观点 in my opinion to me for me as to me as far as I m concerned 年份年份题目题目 1995199519951995年年 Advantages of Advantages of Advantages of Advantages of Five Day Week Five Day Week Five Day Week Five Day Week 1996199619961996年年The Role of The Role of The Role of The Role of Migrant WorkersMigrant WorkersMigrant WorkersMigrant Workers 1997199719971997年年 The Problems I Have in My The Problems I Have in My The Problems I Have in My The Problems I Have in My English StudyEnglish StudyEnglish StudyEnglish Study 1998199819981998年年 Why We Why We Why We Why We WorkWorkWorkWork 1999199919991999年年The Qualities of the The Qualities of the The Qualities of the The Qualities of the Cross Century Talents Cross Century Talents Cross Century Talents Cross Century Talents 2000200020002000年年Which is More Important Which is More Important Which is More Important Which is More Important Wealth or HWealth or HWealth or HWealth or Health ealth ealth ealth 2001200120012001年年 The Greatest The Greatest The Greatest The Greatest InventionInventionInventionInvention in the Past Cent in the Past Cent in the Past Cent in the Past Cent 2002200220022002年年 The Increase in the Number of Chinese The Increase in the Number of Chinese The Increase in the Number of Chinese The Increase in the Number of Chinese TravelinTravelinTravelinTraveling Abroadg Abroadg Abroadg Abroad 2003200320032003年年What willWhat willWhat willWhat will money money money money bring us fortune or misfortune bring us fortune or misfortune bring us fortune or misfortune bring us fortune or misfortune 2004200420042004年年The The The The Goal of LifeGoal of LifeGoal of LifeGoal of Life 2005200520052005年年Whether Whether Whether Whether College Students College Students College Students College Students Should Be Allowed to Should Be Allowed to Should Be Allowed to Should Be Allowed to Get Married Get Married Get Married Get Married 2006200620062006年年College Graduates College Graduates College Graduates College Graduates Work as Work as Work as Work as Village OfficialsVillage OfficialsVillage OfficialsVillage Officials 2007200720072007年年 Who and How to Take Care of Who and How to Take Care of Who and How to Take Care of Who and How to Take Care of seniorsseniorsseniorsseniors 2008200820082008年年 Self confidenceSelf confidenceSelf confidenceSelf confidence is a Key to Success is a Key to Success is a Key to Success is a Key to Success 2009200920092009年年My Opinion About My Opinion About My Opinion About My Opinion About BlogBlogBlogBlog 话题词汇话题词汇 第一类第一类 社会热点社会热点 第二类第二类 永恒话题永恒话题 第三类第三类 科学技术科学技术 第四类第四类 校园生活校园生活 常见的严重语法错误 1 句子没有主语 2 句子没有谓语 3 主动语态和被动语态混用 4 并列句或复合句无连词 一个句号之内 一个句号之内 N N N N个句子 个句子 N N N N 1 1 1 1个连词个连词 常用句型 1 开头结尾 2 因果分析 3 利弊比较 4 解决方法 5 数字增减 开头开头 1 1 1 1 已成为人的关注的热门话题 特别是在年青人当中 将已成为人的关注的热门话题 特别是在年青人当中 将 引发激烈的辩论 引发激烈的辩论 hashashashas becomebecomebecomebecome a a a a hothothothot topic topictopictopic amongamongamongamong people especiallypeople especiallypeople especiallypeople especially amongamongamongamong thethethethe youngyoungyoungyoung andandandand heatedheatedheatedheated debatesdebatesdebatesdebates areareareare rightrightrightright onononon theirtheirtheirtheir way way way way 2 2 2 2 在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用 它给我们在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用 它给我们 带来了许多好处 但同时也引发一些严重的问题 带来了许多好处 但同时也引发一些严重的问题 hashashashas beenbeenbeenbeen playingplayingplayingplaying anananan increasingly increasinglyincreasinglyincreasingly importantimportantimportantimportant rolrolrolrol e e e e inininin ourourourour day to ayday to ayday to ayday to ay life life life life It It It It hashashashas broughtbroughtbroughtbrought usususus a a a a lotlotlotlot ofofofof benefitsbenefitsbenefitsbenefits butbutbutbut hashashashas createdcreatedcreatedcreated somesomesomesome seriousseriousseriousserious problemsproblemsproblemsproblems as asasas well well well well DirectionsDirectionsDirectionsDirections You are to write in no less than 150 words about the title On the Significance of the On the Significance of the On the Significance of the On the Significance of the Qing Zang RailroadQing Zang RailroadQing Zang RailroadQing Zang Railroad You should base your composition on the clues given in Chinese below 青藏铁路于今年7月1日通车 请简单地谈谈青藏铁 路建成和通车的重大意义 如经济 文化 旅游等 方面 注 西藏 Tibet 西藏的 西藏人 藏语 Tibetan On the Significance of the Qing Zang Railroad 结尾结尾 1 1 1 1 至于我 在某种程度上我同意后面的观点 我认为至于我 在某种程度上我同意后面的观点 我认为 AsAsAsAs farfarfarfar asasasas I I I I amamamam concerned concerned concerned concerned I I I I agreeagreeagreeagree withwithwithwith thethethethe latterlatterlatterlatter opinionopinionopinionopinion totototo somesomesomesome extent extent extent extent I I I I thinkthinkthinkthink thatthatthatthat 2 2 2 2 总而言之 整个社会应该密切关注总而言之 整个社会应该密切关注 这个问题 只有这这个问题 只有这 样 我们才能在将来样 我们才能在将来 InInInIn a a a a word word word word the thethethe wholewholewholewhole societysocietysocietysociety shouldshouldshouldshould paypaypaypay closeclosecloseclose attentionattentionattentionattention totototo thethethethe problemproblemproblemproblem ofofofof Only Only Only Only in ininin thisthisthisthis waywaywayway cancancancan we inwe inwe inwe in thethethethe future future future future 因果分析因果分析 1 The reasons can be listed as follows For one thing For another 2 is also partly solely chiefly responsible for the problem 3 A number of factors could account for lead to 3 A number of factors could account for lead to 3 A number of factors could account for lead to 3 A number of factors could account for lead to contribute to result in the problem contribute to result in the problem contribute to result in the problem contribute to result in the problem First First First First Second Second Second Second Third Third Third Third 4 It will exert a far reaching profound impact influence effect on 利弊比较利弊比较 1 For all in spite of Despite the disadvantages side effects it has its compensating advantages beneficial effects 2 has a positive impact influence effect on people s lives 3 is playing an increasingly important role in people s lives 1 Of course the disadvantages can not be ignored 2 However it s often blamed for its obvious defects 3 As the proverb goes every coin has its As the proverb goes every coin has its As the proverb goes every coin has its As the proverb goes every coin has its two sidetwo sidetwo sidetwo sides no garden without its weeds every medal has its reverse is no exception 1 As to me I think the advantages As to me I think the advantages As to me I think the advantages As to me I think the advantages outweigh carry more weight than the outweigh carry more weight than the outweigh carry more weight than the outweigh carry more weight than the disadvantagesdisadvantagesdisadvantagesdisadvantages 2 But for me I think what is more important is its positive side 3 The advantages of derived from far outweigh are much greater than the disadvantages problems entails 问题解决问题解决 1 Many ways can be figured out to relieve the present crisis 2 It is high time that Here are a few examples of some of the measures that might be taken immediately 3 It is essential indispensable that proper It is essential indispensable that proper It is essential indispensable that proper It is essential indispensable that proper actions effective measures should be taken actions effective measures should be taken actions effective measures should be taken actions effective measures should be taken to to to to reverse this situation trendreverse this situation trendreverse this situation trendreverse this situation trend 数据变化的句式 数据变化的句式 1 The number of private cars The number of private cars The number of private cars The number of private cars increased rose increased rose increased rose increased rose suddenly rapidly dramatically suddenly rapidly dramatically suddenly rapidly dramatically suddenly rapidly dramatically substantially considerably sharply steeply from substantially considerably sharply steeply from substantially considerably sharply steeply from substantially considerably sharply steeply from to to to to 2 There was a sudden rapid dramatic substantial considerable sharp steep increase rise in the number of private cars from to 3 The number of private cars climbed jumped rose suddenly were sharply up soared to 写作模板 1 1 1 1 对比观点型 对比观点型 2 2 2 2 说明利弊型 说明利弊型 3 3 3 3 问题解决型 问题解决型 4 4 4 4 阐述主题型 阐述主题型 5 5 5 5 图表描述型 图表描述型 1 1 1 1 对比观点型 对比观点型 When it comes to主题 different people may have different views Some people tend to think that 观点一 They point out that 理由 一 Additionally 理由二 A case in point is 举例 Therefore 小结 On the contrary other people hold the view that 观点二 They argue that 理由一 What s more 理由二 As an illustration 举 例 Accordingly 小结 As far as I am concerned I think 我的观点 The reason is that 理由一 And also 理由二 So 总结自己的观点 一 一 对比观点型对比观点型 Whether College Students Should Be Allowed to Get Married 2005年 1 Choose either of the two positions College students should not be allowed to get married 2 State your reasons for or against the issue 3 Conclusion Why We Work 1998年 1 Some people live to work 2 Some people work to live 3 Your opinion Directions You are to write in no less than 150 words on the title of College Students Should Not Be College Students Should Not Be College Students Should Not Be College Students Should Not Be Permitted to Live Off CampusPermitted to Live Off CampusPermitted to Live Off CampusPermitted to Live Off Campus You are to take a position either for or against the matter and give your reasons You should base your composition on the following Chinese outline 近年来大学生在校外租房居住的现象越来越多 这个问题 已引起社会各界的关注 人们对这一现象的看法不一 各 持己见 1 你对这个问题的观点是 2 理由是 3 结论 Directions You are to write in no less than 150 words on the title of Should Private Cars Be RestrictedShould Private Cars Be RestrictedShould Private Cars Be RestrictedShould Private Cars Be Restricted You should base your composition on the following Chinese outline 从去年10月份起北京实施了私家车限行的相关规定 私 家车按照车牌尾号每周停驶一天 这一政策已引起社会各界 的关注 人们对这一现象的看法不一 各持己见 1 你对这个问题的观点是 2 理由是 3 结论 2 2 2 2 说明利弊型 说明利弊型 Whenever we hear people say that 主题 we ll instantly have the idea that it is a good bad thing for 某人 Indeed 主题has many advantages to 某人 We can take 例as an example It will benefit 好处一 In addition 好处二 In the meantime we must realize those disadvantages of 主题 First of all 坏处一 Second 坏处二 To sum up the above arguments I think a proper attitude towards 主题is that 我的观点 1996年 Migrant workers have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities In this part you are to write within 30 minutes a composition of 100 words or so about The Role of Migrant Workers You can agree and or disagree completely or partially to the above statement But no matter which position you take you should give sound supporting reasons Directions Directions Directions Directions In this part you are asked to write a composition according to the information below You should write at leas