Unit 2 Module 2.doc

Unit 2 Module 2The Passive Voice 、请朗读下列Reading（P910）中含有被动语态的句子1When and where will the next Olympic Games be held?2Ive come to your time to find out about the present-day Olympic Games because I know that in 2004 they were held in my homeland.3There are two main sets of Games the Winter and the Summer Olympics, and both are held every four years on a regular basis.4Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors.5Thats why theyre called the Winter Olympics.6Earlier you said that athletes are invited from all over the world.7Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports and 8For each Olympics, a special village is built for them to live in, a main reception building, several stadiums for competitions, and a gymnasium as well.9The 2008 Olympics will be held in Beijing, China.10A new village for the athletes and all the stadiums will be built to the east of London.11New medals will be designed of course and 12So even the olive wreath has been replaced !、请体会下列句子由主动语态改为被动语态后形式以及情感表达上的变化1 His mother told him not to waste time on fishing.He was told not to waste time on fishing (by his mother).2Father gave me a toy at Christmas. I was given a toy at Christmas (by my father).3This factory produces machine tools. Machine tools are produced in this factory.4They should do it at once. It should be done at once (by them).5He is likely to let you downYou are likely to be let down (by him).6They named the child Tom. The child was named Tom (by them).Whileclass课中、思考问题1不及物动词或词组有没有被动语态？2被动语态的作用是什么？3系表结构与被动语态有什么区别？4如果宾语是that从句，变为被动语态时该怎么变？5完成进行时态和将来进行时态有没有被动语态？6使役动词（have, make, let）或感官动词（feel, listen to, hear, notice, see, watch）后接宾补结构，变被动语态后to能省略吗？、语法归纳被动语态（一）被动语态被动语态是用于不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者时的一种语态。它是动词的一种特殊形式。一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义；而英语则用“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。【特别提醒】1当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。e.g. Mr. White, the window was broken after class.怀特老师，窗玻璃是课后被打破的。2突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。e.g. These records were made by John Denver. 这些纪录是由约翰丹佛创造的。 The cup was broken by Paul. 杯子是保罗摔破的。3当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用“in+名词”作状语来代替by短语。e.g. These cars were made in China. 这些汽车是在中国制造的。15,000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.新工厂每年会制造15000辆汽车。（二）被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化1一般现在时am / is / are + doneRussian is not taught in our school. 我们学校没有教俄文。2一般过去时was / were + doneMany trees were planted on the hill yesterday. 昨天山上种了很多树。3一般将来时will / shall be + doneThe work will be done imme-diately. 工作马上就会完成。4过去将来时would be + doneThe worker told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible. 工人告诉我会尽快修理这辆汽车。5现在进行时am / is are being + doneThe rooms are being painted.房子正在上漆。6过去进行时was / were being + doneThe road was being mended this time last year. 去年这个时候公路正在修整。7现在完成时has / have been + doneThe price has been brought down. 价格已经回落了。8过去完成时had been + doneWhen I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 当我到达剧院时，发现票都已经售完了。9将来完成时will / shall have been + doneThe letter will have been mailed by noon. 这封信在中午以前就会寄出去了。10过去将来完成时would have been + doneThe day was drawing near when the dam would have been completed. 水坝建成的那一天越来越近了。【特别提醒】完成进行时态和将来进行时态变被动语态时，一般用完成时态或一般将来时态的被动语态来表达。e.g. We have been discussing the problem for two days. 这两天来我们一直在讨论这个问题。The problem has been discussed for two days. We shall be discussing it tomorrow. 明天我们将会一直讨论这件事。It will be discussed tomorrow.（三）被动语态的特殊结构形式1含有情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+及物动词或词组的过去分词。You compositions must be handed in after class. 你们的作文在课后必须交上来。2宾语是that从句变为被动语态时，一般用it作被动句的形式主语。It is known that he is an expert. / He is known to be an expert. 大家都知道他是一个行家。3主动句是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构；变被动句时，若用直接宾语作被动句的主语，要在间按宾语前加to或for。He told her a long story. 他给她讲了一个长篇故事。She was told a long story.A long story was told to her. Mother bought me a new coat. 妈妈给我买了一件新外套。I was bought a new coat. A new coat was bought for me.4主动语态中使役动词（have, make, let）或感官动词（feel, listen to, hear, notice, see, watch）后接宾补结构时，变被动语态后to不能省略（let + 单音节词例外）。He is made to do a lot of work every day. 他每天都被要求做大量工作。He was let go home by the teacher. 老师让他回家去。（四）系表结构与被动语态的区别1系统结构一般只用于一般现在时态和过去时态，系表结构的过去分词相当于形容词，表状态：被动语态适用的时态较多，被动语态中的过去分词是动词，表动作。I am quite puzzled.（系表）我挺困惑的。I am puzzled by the problem.这个问题让我很困惑。The composition is well written.（系表）这篇作文写得很好。The composition was written with Great care. 这篇作文写得非常用心。2系表结构的过去分词可用very修饰，被动语态中的过去分词用much来修饰。He was very excited.（系表）他非常兴奋。He was much excited by the news. 这个消息使他兴奋不已。、随堂检查1、选词填空。1）_ the work _ by Lily or by Tom ? Tell me the truth, please. （Has; finished / Has; being finished / Is ; finished / Has; been finished）2）That white building _ two years ago, but it looks quite old now. （built / was built / is built / has been built）3）_the sports meeting might be put off. Yes, it all depends on the weather. （Ive been told / I ve told / I m told / I told）4）This dictionary mustnt _ from the library. （take away / taken away / are taken away / be taken away）5）A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. （is given / has been given / will be given / will give）6）Chinese _ by the largest number of people in the world. （speak / spoken / is spoken / are spoken）7）_ the trees _ in the park next Saturday? （Will; be planted / Will be; planted / Will; plant / Will; planted）8）How long _ at this job? Since 1990. （were you employed / have you been employed / had you been employed / will you be employed）9）The river _by industrial wastes. （have poisoned / have been poisoned / has poisoned / has been poisoned）10）He _ soon _ to prestident fo the company. （is; advancing / was; advanced / was; advancing / has; advanced）11）We are glad that the Shenzhen Underground _ very soon. （will complete / will be completed / has completed / has been completed）12）In our school, library books _ in two weeks. （is returned / must return / will return / must be returned）13）Computer _ in everyday life in this country before long. （is used / will use / will be used / was used）14）The film _ in this cinema now. Why dont you go in and see it? （is showing / is being shown / is shown / shows）2用不同时态的被动语态完成下列句子。1）A new library _ (build) in our city now.2）We shall _ (ask) to attend the meeting.3）He has worked in the factory since it _ (build) 10 years ago.4）So far, many man-made satellites _ (send) up into space.5）The decision has to _ (make).6）Sheep _ (keep) by farmers for producing wool and mutton（羊肉）.7）Outer space _ (not explore) by people before 1957.8）Computer science _ (teach) now almost in all universities and institutes.9）The first railway in the world _ (design) in the last century.10）Five units of this textbook _ (study) by the end of last month.11）I dont like _ (laugh) at in the public.12）Do you have a letter to _ (post)?13）Visitors _ (request) not to touch the exhibits.14）The meeting is to _ (put off) till Friday.15）A beautiful horse _ (draw) by John the next day.3改正划线处的错误。1）Is your room clean by you every day? A Yes. But it didnt being cleaned today. B2）An important talk gives in the school hall next week, so the hall should prepare well A Bin time.3）His new book published ten years ago, which has been considered as a great work. A B4）Has the present be bought for Marys birthday? A No, I havent for not invited. B5）It says that we have succeeded in the final competition, as expected by us. BPost-class 课后、英汉互译1This problem was paid little attention to. _2Discussion in groups should be encouraged in class. _3It is reported that a new road will be built here. _4Measures must be taken to keep the river from being polluted. _5昨天，人家给了他一本新的英语书。 _ a new English book yeasterday.6因为我妈妈明天要出门，所以我妹妹会交给邻居照顾。 My sister _ because my mother will go out tomorrow.7当我们走进餐厅时，我们发现鸡和鱼都被吃完了。 We found that _ when we entered the restaurant.8你有铅笔吗？ 有，但正在削着呢，现在还不能用。 Do you have a pencil ? Yes, but _.、语法填空In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important