waiyu20100423094954937.doc

英语语法课程教学大纲课程编码：30613006 学分：3 总学时：64说 明【课程性质】本课程是英语专业的专业基础课。【教学目的】 设置本课程的目的旨在使高校英语专业学生系统地认识英语从词到句乃至语篇的构造，提高使用英语的规范性，学会用英语准确地、有效地传递信息和表达思想，同时系统地了解英语语法的发展，为进一步地学习及研究英语语言奠定基础。【教学任务】 本课程是一门基础技能训练课，通过传授比较系统和完整的英语语法知识，使学生学会运用语法规则指导语言实践，提高实际运用英语的能力。经过学习词汇分类、句子种类的划分和各种时态语态的使用、及倒装、省略等一些句子生成的手段，对英语语法的基本结构与规律有一个明确完整的概念，能较熟练地运用这些语法的基本规则分析解释各种语法现象。通过大量练习，尤其是结合大量的写作训练，在语言实践中以文章背景为语境，纠正语法错误及语言的错误使用，使学生的英语语言综合技能在质量上有较大的提高。【教学内容】 本课程作为一门专业基础课，考虑到学生的学习水平，在内容设置上，由简入难，循序渐进，达到一定深度，有重点，有深度，主要分为：导论语法层次、句子结构、词汇分类、时态和体态的使用、比较等级和比较结构、句子种类、篇章衔接手段。【教学原则和方法】教学原则：讲练结合，精讲多练，针对教材，有取有舍，因人而异，精讲和自学相结合。教学方法：讲练结合，充分利用配套教材和练习册中提供的大量系统性的练习，采用讲解，讨论，答疑相结合的教学方法。 【先修课程要求】 要求学生具备基本的英语知识，包括词汇和基本句型的掌握。 【学时分配】序号内 容学 时 安 排小计理论课时实验课时习题课时上机课时1语法层次4592句子结构和主谓一致3693词组与限定词3694动词的时和体2795不定式、-ING分词、-ED 分词37106比较等级和从属结构2797篇章衔接459总 计214364【教材与主要参考书】 教 材：章振邦 新编英语语法教程 上海外语教育出版社，2003年参考书：潘欢怀 现代英语实用语法 北京师范大学出版社，2005年 张道真 实用英语语法 商务印书馆，1988年大纲内容第一部分 语法层次【教学目的和要求】教学目的：介绍基本的语法单位，让学生了解词组分类，句子分类。教学要求：使学生掌握词组分类，句子分类。【内容提要】 第一节 词素：自由词素和粘附词素 第二节 词：封闭词类和开放词类 第三节 词组 第四节 分句 第五节 句子【教学重点与难点问题】 教学重点：屈折词缀、派生词缀、词素变体、词组中心词 教学难点：限定动词和非限定动词 【复习思考题】 找出下列句子中的限定动词和非限定动词 1. We went there to see a film. 2. Having seen the film, we had a discussion. 3. Painted by a famous artist the portrait is invaluable.第二部分 句子结构和主谓一致【教学目的和要求】教学目的：介绍句子结构和主谓一致的内容。教学要求：要求学生能辨别出句子的基本成分，牢记特殊名词的单、复数来判断动词和名词的单、复数搭配。【内容提要】 第一节 基本句型及其转换与扩大 第二节 以-s结尾的名词 第三节 集体名词做主语 第四节 数量名词做主语【教学重点与难点】 教学重点：以-s结尾的名词的记忆与辨别 教学难点：特殊名词与数量词的单复数辨别【复习思考题】 选择适当的形式填空 1. Their earnings (comes, come) to 500 dollars a week. 2. Where (is, are) the shears? 3. Your suspenders (is, are) not here.第三部分 词组与限定词【教学目的与要求】 教学目的：介绍词组的构成及限定词。 教学要求：要求学生准确掌握限定词与名词、及句中各部分搭配。【内容提要】 第一节 限定词 第二节 代词 第三节 动词【教学重点与难点】 教学重点：限定词与三类名词搭配关系、限定词用法比较、代词与先行项的“人称”、“性”、“数”的一致 教学难点：动词的时、体、态【复习思考题】Fill in the blanks with determiners or indefinite pronouns semantically related to quantity. 1. A: Do you need more milk? B: No, there is too _ already. 2. He seldom uses _ paper to start a fire. 3. She wanted _ stamps, but there arent _ in the machine. 4. _ people will believe _ story you tell them.第四部分 动词的时和体【教学目的和要求】 教学目的：介绍动词的时和体。 教学要求：要求学生掌握句子各种时态、语态的使用，及虚拟式和助动词的选择和使用。【内容提要】 第一节 动词时、态和体的用法 第二节 将来时间表示法 第三节 词组动词的被动语态 第四节 非限定动词的被动语态 第五节 虚拟式的动词选择与时间的搭配 第六节 情态助动词的推测性用法和非推测性用法【教学重点与难点】 教学重点：非限定动词的被动语态、be-虚拟式 教学难点：情态动词的推测性用法【复习思考题】填入适当的动词形式。1. It is essential that he _ (have) all the facts.2. It isnt as if she _(not be) pretty.第五部分不定式、-ING分词、-ED 分词【教学目的与要求】教学目的：介绍不定式、-ING分词、-ED 分词。教学要求: 要求学生熟练掌握各种搭配关系，即各种形式的不同意义，并能熟练应用。【内容提要】第一节 不定式的搭配关系第二节 ING分词的搭配关系第三节 ED分词的应用【教学重点与难点】教学重点：带to不定式与不带to不定式、主句主语与不定式的逻辑主语、能带-ing分词而不能带不定式的动词、能带不定式和-ing分词而意义不同的动词。教学难点：及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语、不及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语、悬垂分词。【复习思考题】用适当的分词形式或不定式形式填空1. He was in low spirits and even considered _ (go) away.2. The criminal even threatened _ (murder) the president.3. Practise _( put) the tip of your tongue between your teeth and blowing.第六部分比较等级和从属结构【教学目的和要求】教学目的：介绍比较等级和从属结构。教学要求：要求学生熟练掌握使用比较级，分清句子成分主次。【内容提要】第一节 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的不规则形式 第二节 比较结构用法的补充说明 第三节 并列于从属 第四节 限定从属分句 第五节 无动词分句【教学重点与难点问题】 教学重点：asas 结构、morethan 结构、when, while, as, before, after, until 的用法 教学难点：so that 与sothat 结构【复习思考题】 改错 1.For I have never met him, I cant tell you what he looks like. 2. The teacher is very strict with us, simply since he wants us to make rapid progress.第七部分 篇章衔接【教学目的和要求】教学目的：介绍英语文章的结构，比较英汉篇章结构的不同。教学要求：要求学生了解英语文章的结构，比较英汉篇章结构的不同，能写出地道的英语文章。【内容提要】 第一节 后置、前置、倒装 第二节 句子与语篇 第三节 语篇纽带 第四节 语篇结构【教学重点与难点问题】 教学重点：句子的意义和交际功能教学难点：连句成篇的逻辑纽带【复习思考题】 分析短文，找出语段。 Teaching is supposed to be a professional activity requiring long and complicated training as well as official certification. The act of teaching is looked upon as a flow of knowledge from a higher source to an empty container. The students role is one of receiving information; the teachers role is one of sending it. There is a clear distinction assumed between one who is supposed to know and another, usually younger person, who is supposed not to know. 执笔人： 王 昭 审核人：王云杰英语语法课程考核大纲【考核目的】 了解学生对基本语法知识的掌握情况，帮助学生认识自己在语法和句法方面的不足，考核学生语法技能的实际情况，为以后的高年级学习提供帮助。【课程学习的基础】 具备基本的英语知识，包括词汇和基本句型的掌握。【考核的内容范围】 句子结构、词汇分类、时态和体态的使用、比较等级和比较结构、句子种类、篇章衔接手段【考核方法】 期末闭卷笔试,占60%，平时考核（出勤、课堂表现）占40%。【对试题的要求】 题型比例： 客观性试题占80%，包括单选题，完型填空，填入正确形式，改错题等。 主观性试题占20%，包括阅读题等。 难度等级：分为较易、中等、较难三个等级，大致的比例是30：50：20。【考核的具体内容】第一部分 语法层次 知识点： 1. 词素：自由词素和粘附词素 2. 词：封闭词类和开放词类 3. 词组 4. 分句 5. 句子 考核目标： 1. 识记：（1）词素 （2）词组 （3）句子 （4）自由词素 （5）粘附词素 2. 理解：（1）词素与单词的区别 （2）认识完整的句子 3. 应用：简单应用：要求学生掌握基本的语法单位，了解词组分类，句子分类。第二部分 句子结构和主谓一致 知识点： 1. 基本句型及其转换与扩大 2. 以-s结尾的名词3. 集体名词做主语 4. 数量名词做主语考核目标： 1. 识记：以-s结尾的名词、集体名词、数量名词 2. 理解：（1）准确记忆以-s结尾的名词的单复数用法；（2）分清集体名词做主语及数量名词做主语的动词形式。 3. 应用：简单应用：要求学生能辨别出句子的基本成分，牢记特殊名词的单、复数来判断动词和名词的单、复数搭配。第三部分 词组与限定词 知识点： 1. 限定词 2. 代词 3. 动词 考核目标： 1. 识记：（1）限定词 （2）动词 2. 理解：（1）限定词的意义与应用；（2）动词的形式 3. 应用：简单应用：能准确掌握限定词与名词、及句中各部分搭配第四部分 动词的时和体 知识点： 1. 动词时、态和体的用法 2. 将来时间表示法 3. 词组动词的被动语态 4. 非限定动词的被动语态 5.虚拟式的动词选择与时间的搭配 6. 情态助动词的推测性用法和非推测性用法 考核目标： 1. 识记：（1）动词的时和体 （2）将来事件表示法 （3）词组与非限定动词的被动语态 2理解：（1）非限定动词的被动语态的含义 （2）虚拟式的含义3应用：（1）语态 （2）虚拟式 （3）助动词第五部分 不定式、-ING分词、-ED 分词 知识点：1. 不定式的搭配关系 2. ING分词的搭配关系 3. ED分词的应用考核目标：1识记：不定式、ING分词、ED分词2. 理解：不定式、ING分词与ED分词的意义区别3. 应用：简单应用：要求学生熟练掌握各种搭配关系，明确意义，找出争取答案。第六部分 比较等级和从属结构知识点：1. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的不规则形式 2. 比较结构用法的补充说明 3. 并列于从属 4. 限定从属分句 5. 无动词分句 考核目标： 1. 识记：（1）形容词、副词比较级和最高级的不规则形式 （2）限定从属分句（3）无动词分句 2. 理解：（1）理解比较级最高级的意义和用法（2）分句的主动与被动含义 3. 应用：（1）比较级 （2）句子成分主次第七部分 篇章衔接 知识点： 1. 后置、前置、倒装 2. 句子与语篇 3. 语篇纽带 4. 语篇结构 考核目标： 1. 识记：（1）前置 （2）倒装 （3）语篇 （4）语篇结构 2. 理解：（1）理解前置与倒装的用途；（2）理解英汉语篇的不同结构和行文规则 3. 应用：（1）英语文章的结构 （2）英汉篇章结构差异【样题】I. Multiple Choices (每小题1分，共50分)1. The trip takes 30 hours or so, and you will get there the morning of the following day.A. inB. atC. onD. to 2. Which person do you refer to? with dark glasses.A. HeB. The oneC. One D. Each3. Im sorry to have begun the meeting before you came. I thought you .A. didnt come B. shouldnt comeC. are not comingD. were not coming4. As is known to us all, no is shown to the enemies.A. mercy B. love C. rightD. offer5. Dont feel nervous when to your new manager.A. to introduce B. introduced C. introducing D. to be introduced6. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, _his father had expected.A. that was that B. what was thatC. which was whatD. which was that 7. Two years later, her father disappeared, never again.A. to hear fromB. being heard fromC. heard from D. to be heard8. Shall we take this house? Oh, Im afraid it may be expensive.A. too much B. so much C. much too D. too very9. Could you me a few minutes? I need your advice.A. give B. spend C. spare D. take10. Victor certainly talks a lot and he is never interested in what _has to say.A. no one B. someone otherC. every one D. anyone else11. Shortly after the accident, two of policeman were sent to the spot to keep .A. score; orderB. dozen; controlC. hundred; silenceD. group; calm12. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. WhoeverD. Who13. Not until I began to work how much time I had wasted.A. did I realizeB. didnt I realizeC. I realizedD. I didnt realize14. Was it during the Second World War the soldier died?A. whenB. thatC. in whichD. while15. If he started at 9 oclock, he be there by now.A. shouldB. must C. cantD. need16. I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot. .A. So do I B. Neither do I C. Im the same D. So it is with me17. Would you like to join us? Sorry, I am not as any of you.A. so good player B. a so good playerC. so good a playerD. a such good player18. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced cars in 1994 as the year before.A. as twice many B. as many twiceC. twice as many D. twice as19. Give this to you think can do the work well.A. who B. whoever C. whomever D. however20. Every means _ tried, yet this machine .A. haswont work B. has been wont workC. have been doesnt work D. havedoesnt work21. I found John the desk, his homework carefully.A. seated atdoing B. sitting at to do C. sat at does D. taking his seat at doing22. He used to his teaching years ago, but now he is used to a boss.A. devoted to be B. be devoted to beingC. devoted himselfbe D. devotebeing23. Careless driving a lot of high accident.A. affectsB. makesC. causes D. results24. Its lunch time, you must be hungry now, you?A. almost; mustnt B. about; dontC. nearly; arent D. already; havent25. Shall I help you with the cleaning? No, Tom. I can manage, but .A. it doesnt matter B. I dont mindC. it is my pleasureD. thank you just the same26. The collection of short stories is said into at least five foreign languages in the years to come.A. to translate B. to be translatedC. to have been translated D. to be translating27. to the doctor right away, she might have been alive today.A. if he were B. Should he have goneC. were he gone D. Had he gone28. no one at home, she left the house sadly.A. Finding B. To findC. She foundD. Found29. Toms father, as well as his mother, in New York for a few more days.A. suggest him to stay B. suggests him staysC. suggest him staying D. suggests he stay30. Lucy listened carefully he might discover exactly what John needed.A. in order that B. so as thatC. in caseD. so as31. Shanghai and Tianjing, the former is larger.A. Of B. AmongC. Between D. About32. No sooner gone home it began to rain heavily.A. I hadwhen B. had I thanC. have I thanD. I have when33. The room was in complete disorder with bits of paper, broken bottles and rusty cans _ about.A. laying B. laid C. lying D. lay34. It was not until she had arrived home remembered the key in her office.A. when she to leave B. and she leavingC. that she leaving D. she to leave35. law in his spare time, he became a lawyer at last.A. Studied B. Have studied C. Being studied D. Studying36. into a warm room, the ice becomes smaller and smaller.A. Taken B. Have taken C. Being takenD. Taking37. She looked older because .A. she was beautiful dressed B. she was poorly dressedC. She is wearing old clothes D. she is in her forty38. All the machines once a year.A. will examine B. are examinedC. should examine D. is to be examined39. Whats wrong with your little daughter? She eats anything at all.A. seldom B. constantly C. hardly D. almost40. Young people would enjoy in the open.A. camping outB. to camp outC. campedD. having camped out 41. The Negro Slaves were made on the cotton fields all day long before the Civil War.A. working B. work C. worked D. to work42. I have enough courage to speak in public.A. no B. not C. not get D. got not43. The first bus in the morning always arrives .A. in time B. lately C. latestD. on time44. in simple English , the story is easy .A. Writingto read B. Written to readC. Having writtento read D. Writing to be read45. , they set out to see the dam.A. Raining hard B. because of rainC. It raining heavily D. It rained hard enough46. You finished the homework in time than we had expected.A. less B. much C. little D. most47. Speak louder, please. I cant hear you are saying.A. what B. which C. who D. since 48. What have you been doing I last saw you?A. before B. since C. when D. unless49. I can do it well you give me time.A. unless B. why C. although D. though50. Its time we over our lessons.A. go B. went C. going D. goneII. Put the verbs in the correct tenses (每小题1分，共20分)Social customs and ways of behaving _1_ (change). Things which _2_ (consider) impolite many years ago _3_ (be) now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it _4_ (be) considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke in the street. No man who _5_ (think) of himself as being a gentleman _6_ (make) a fool of himself by smoking when a lady _7_ (be) in the room.Customs also _8_ (vary) from country to country. _9_ (do) a man walk on the left or the right of a woman in your country? Or _10_ (do not) it matter? What about table manners? Should you use both hands when you _11_ (eat)? Should you leave one in your lap, or on the table?The important thing to remember about social customs _12_ (be) not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable especially if they _13_ (be) your guests. There _14_ (be) an old story about a rich nobleman who _15_ (give) a very formal dinner party. When the food _16_ (serve), one of the guests _17_ (start) to eat his peas with the knife. The other guests _18_ (amaze), but the nobleman calmly _19_ (pick) up his knife and _20_ (begin) eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.III. Correct the mistakes (每小题1分，共10分)Mrs Smith was unable to fall asleep at night but1. _was very tired during the day to do anything, even 2. _the simple things what she used to enjoy doing. She 3. _had headaches more often, which prevented her from read 4. _or watching TV. The more she thought her condition, the 5. _worse she felt. At last she went to see her doctor, and 6. _whom she had known for years. The doctor listened her 7. _heart and said, “There is nothing serious wrong with you,” 8. _but I accept the fac