湖北省宜昌第一中学高中英语 Unit 3 A Healthy Life导学案（必修6）（无答案）.doc

必修6 unit 3 a healthy life 导学案阅读欣赏what we still dont know about aids？in the 20 years since the first cases of aids are detected，scientists say they have learned more about this viral disease than any other.yet peter piot，who directs the united nations aids program，and stefano vella of rome，president of the international aids society，and other experts say reviewing unanswered questions could prove useful as a measure of progress for aids and other diseases.among the important broader scientific questions that remain：1what route does hiv take after it enters the body to destroy the immune system?when hiv is transmitted sexually，the virus must cross a tissue barrier to enter the body. how that happens is still unclear. the virus might invade directly or be carried by a series of different kinds of cells.2how does hiv destroy the immune system?although hiv kills the immune cells sent to kill the virus，there is widespread variation in the rate at which hiv infected people become ill with aids. so scientists ask：can the elements of the immune system responsible for that variability be identified？if so，can they be used to stop progression to aids infected individuals and possibly prevent infection in the first place?3what is the most effective anti-hiv treatment?in theory，early treatment should offer the best chance of preserving immune function. but the new drugs do not completely eliminate(消除) hiv from the body so the medicines，which can have dangerous side effects，will have to be taken for a lifetime and perhaps changed to combat resistance. the new policy is expected to recommend that treatment be deferred(推迟) until there are signs the immune system is weakening.4is a vaccine possible?there is little question that an effective vaccine is crucial to controlling the disease. yet only one has reached the stage of full testing，and there is wide controversy over the degree of protection it will provide. hiv strains that are transmitted in various areas of the world differ genetically. it is not known whether a vaccine derived from one type of hiv will provide protection against other types.5in the absence of a vaccine，how can hiv be stopped?without more incisive，focused behavioral research，prevention messages alone will not stop the global disease.科学家说，在第一批艾滋病例被发现以后的20年里，他们对这种病毒性疾病的了解，已超过其他任何一种病毒性疾病。但是，联合国艾滋病规划署的负责人彼得皮奥和国际艾滋病学会会长罗马的斯特凡诺韦拉及其他一些专家都认为，全面考察那些未决问题，可能对艾滋病和其他疾病治疗的进展是一项有益的举措。这些较广泛的重要科学问题包括：1、艾滋病病毒侵入人体后通过什么途径摧毁免疫系统?当艾滋病病毒通过性接触传播时，病毒必须穿过组织屏障进入人体。这个过程目前尚不清楚。病毒可能直接侵入，或许由一系列不同种类的细胞带入。2、艾滋病病毒是怎样破坏免疫系统的?艾滋病病毒能杀死对付自己的免疫细胞，但艾滋病病毒携带者患艾滋病的快慢却大不相同。因此科学家提出问题：免疫系统中那些使人患艾滋病时间出现差异的因素能否被识别出来?如果能，它们能否用于制止艾滋病患者病情的恶化，甚至在最初就可能防止人们感染艾滋病病毒?3、最有效的艾滋病疗法是什么?从理论上来说，尽早治疗可以提供维护免疫功能的最佳时机。但是新药物无法彻底清除体内的艾滋病病毒，因此患者不得不终身服用这些具有危险副作用的药物，而且还可能在产生抗药性时改服别的药物。因此新的方法可能建议在免疫系统出现衰退迹象时才开始治疗。4、可能研制出疫苗吗?毫无疑问，一种有效的疫苗是控制这种瘟疫的关键。但是目前只有一种疫苗进入了全面检验的阶段，而对其会有多大的保护功能，却有着很大的争议。世界各地流行的艾滋病在遗传类型上各不相同，目前还不清楚，从某种艾滋病病毒获得的疫苗能否防止其他类型的艾滋病。5、如果没有疫苗，能否阻止艾滋病病毒的传播?如果没有深入集中的行为研究，仅靠宣传是无法阻止这种全球性瘟疫的。period i vocabulary study【自主预习】根据汉语意思及词性写出单词，然后借助工具书，结合学过的类似词汇，了解这些词的词性变化，并写出其正确形式。1. _ (n. & vt.) 滥用；虐待_ (vt.) 误用_ (a.) 有用的 _ (a.) 无用的_ (a.) 用过的2. _ (v.) 符合,适合，合身_ (a.) 健康的；适合的_ (a.) 不适合的 _ (n.)恰当；健康，健身3. _（n.）强调；压力_ (v.) 强调；使紧张_(a.)有压力的；紧张的_ (a.)感到压力的，紧张的4. _ (n. & a.) 青少年；青春期的_ (n.) 青春期5. _ (vt.) 使沉溺，使上瘾_ (n.) 上瘾者 _ (a.) 入迷的，上瘾的_ (a.) 让人着迷的6. _ (v.) 使习惯于_ (a.) 习惯了的7. _ (v.) 撤退，收回，取（钱）_ (n.) 撤退，收回，取款8. _ (n.)结果；效力；影响；作用；效应_(a.)有效的，起作用的_(ad.)有效地，实际上_(n.)有效性9. _ (a.) 精神的，智力的_ (ad.) 精神上，智力上_(n.)心态，智力10. _ (n.) 规范，基准 _ (adj.) 正常的，标准的 _(a.)畸形的。异常的11._ (n.)呼吸，气息_ (v.)呼吸，低语_ (a.)气喘吁吁的12. _ (a.) 坚强的，强壮的_ (ad.) 强烈地，坚强地 _ (n.) 力量，力气，长处_ (v.) 加强，巩固13. _ (v.) 下决心；解决_ (a.) 下定决心的 _ (a.) 决议，决心14. _ (a.) 绝望的；拼命的；不顾一切的；极度渴望的_ (ad.) 拼命地；绝望地 _ (n.) 绝望的境地_ (n.) 绝望15. _ (vt.) 使失望_ (n.) 失望，沮丧 _ (a.) 失望的，沮丧的_ (a.) 令人失望的16. _ (a.) 弱的，虚弱的_ (n.) 弱点，软弱，癖好 _ (ad.) 虚弱地，无力地_ (v.) 动摇，削弱，使变弱17. _ (n.) 羞耻，羞愧；憾事_ (a.) 可耻的，不道德的 _ (a.) 无耻的，不要脸的_ (a.) 惭愧的，难为情的18. _ (v.) 判断，审判_ (n.) 法官，裁判 _ (n.) 看法；判断；判决19. _ (v.) 幸存；幸免于；比.活得长_ (n.) 幸存者，生还者 _ (a.) 继续存在的_ (n.) 幸存20._ (vt.) 使尴尬_ (n.) 尴尬,难堪 _ (a.) 尴尬的_ (a.) 令人尴尬的【重点词汇】1. abuse v.t. & n 【例句】 he was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse of power.他因被控腐败和滥用职权而被捕。 she abused her position as principal by giving jobs to her friends. before liberation, they were physically and emotionally abused in the jail. she suffered years of physical abuse.【归纳】1. 酗酒、嗜毒 _2. 虐待儿童 _ 3. 滥用职权 _【拓展】ab-为否定前缀，类似的还有abnormal【活用】(1) 滥用能源会给我们的子孙后代(offspring)带来可怕的未来。_(2) 根据最新的法律，家长不允许虐待儿童。_2. stress n. 压力；重音；强调 v. 强调【例句】1. things can easily go wrong when people are under stress. 2. we worked on pronunciation, stress and intonation. 3. i think the company places too much stress on cost and not enough on quality. 4. she lays great stress on punctuality.她特别强调守时。 5. he stressed the importance of a good education. 6. i must stress that everything ive told you is strictly confidential. 7. it must be stressed that this disease is very rare. stressful adj.有压力的: she finds her new teaching job very stressful. 【归纳】1. 强调 _2. 必须强调的是 _【活用】1. she found her new job very _ (stress)，so she was feeling very _ (stress) and tired. in other words，she was under great _ because of her _ (stress) new job.3. ban (-banned) v. 取缔 (forbid sth officially)chemical weapons are banned internationally. a campaign to ban smoking in public places禁止做shes been banned from leaving greece while the allegations(指控) are investigated. he was banned from driving for six months.n. (on sth) 禁令; 禁止: （an official rule that says that sth is not allowed）the government put a ban on the import of alcohol 政府禁止酒类进口.some places have lifted the ban on lighting firecrackers during the spring festival. 【归纳】1. 取缔某事/做某事 _2. 禁止某人做 _3. 禁止 （n.） _4. 解除对的禁令 _【活用】(1)从去年6月份开始禁止超市无偿提供塑料袋。from last june offering plastic bags for free in supermarket (there)(2) 在英国许多公共场所禁止吸烟。 people in many public places in england. (ban v. ) 4. due adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的【例句】the teams success was largely due to her efforts. the project had to be abandoned due to a lack of government funding.rose is due to start school in january. the bands first album is due for release later this month. payment is due on 1 october. “到期的” (when a sum of money is due, it must be paid immediately)have they been paid the money that is due to them?our thanks are due to the whole team. 我们要向全队致谢。【拓展】 短语 “因为” because of owing to thanks to as a result ofon account oftherefore/thus ad. 因此 so conj. 因此 【归纳】(1). 由于，因为(2). 预定，预期(3). （欠款）到期(4). 应归于某人；应给予某人；应支付给某人【活用】(1) 由于这次全球性的金融危机，他被解雇了。he was fired the global financial crisis. (due)(2) 这次峰会(summit)将在一个非洲国家举行。the summit in an african country. (due; hold) 5. addicted (adj.)【例句】she helped him fight against his drug addition. his son is addicted to reading detective novels. 【归纳】对有瘾 _影迷 _【拓展】addictn. 有瘾的人；入迷的人 drug addict/a video game addictaddition n. 瘾; 沉溺 addictive adj. 使人上瘾的；使人入迷的【活用】he liked playing online games so much that it didnt take him long to become _(染上，上瘾) them. the _ (瘾) to games is taking over his life. so he is really a _.6. accustom v. 使习惯于【例句】he quickly accustomed himself to this new way of life. he took his accustomed seat by the fire. 他坐在火炉旁他常坐的座位上. it is clear that caged animals have been accustomed to living with animals.【归纳】1.使自己习惯于 _2. 习惯于_【活用】 (1) 她的眼睛很快适应了黑暗。her eyes quickly the dark. （accustomed）(2) 钥匙放在惯常的地方。the keys were in . （accustomed）(3) 我感觉到了每个人的紧张，并且他们习惯了被欺骗。i sensed that everyone was nervous and they were accustomed . (lie)7. effect n. 作用；效应；影响【例句】the children were taught to distinguish between cause and effect.the new system will soon be put into effect. 新系统即将启用.the new seat-belt regulations came into effect last week. 新的安全带规定上周开始实施. the two systems are, in effect, identical.这两种制度实际上一模一样. the aspirins soon took effect. 服下的阿司匹林药片很快见效了.the new law takes effect from tomorrow. 新法令明日起实行.almost all conduct has some effect on other people. 几乎所有行为都对他人有一定影响。【归纳】 1. 因果_2. (尤指法律规则等)实行, 实施_3. 实际上; 事实上; 有效_4. 生效; 实施; 实行; 起作用_5. 对有影响_6. 副作用_【活用】为了评估电脑对人们的生活的影响。他们向1000人发放了调查问卷，所有人都是随机挑选的。_8. desperate a.不顾一切的；拼命的，绝望的；极度渴望的；【例句】somewhere out there was a desperate man, cold, hungry, hunted. 那外面有个男人又冷又饿，还有人抓他，走投无路了。his increasing financial difficulties forced him to take desperate measures. 不断增加的经济困难迫使他采取了铤而走险的办法。doctors were fighting a desperate battle to save the little girls life 医生们不惜一切地奋力抢救小女孩的生命。he was so desperate for a job that he would have done anything. 他当时太想找份工作了，什么事都愿意干。【拓展】水的极度短缺a desperate shortage of water作孤注一掷的努力a desperate attempt desperately adv. he took a deep breath, desperately trying to keep calm. 他深深地吸了口气，竭尽全力保持镇定。【归纳】1. 渴望得到 2. 渴望去做 3. 急需要 【活用】1. 她在四下里找，急于弄到一点吃的。(desperately)_.2. 这些孩子非常需要爱心和关怀。(desperate)_.9. ashamed adj. 感到惭愧或羞耻的【例句】you should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies.你应该为说这些谎话而感到羞耻. he felt ashamed of having done so little work.他因只做了这麽一点儿工作而感到惭愧.the boy was ashamed to tell his mother that he had failed the exam.那男孩儿不好意思告诉他的母亲他考试没及格。i feel ashamed that i havent written for so long.我很久未曾写点东西, 甚为惭愧. 【拓展】 shame n. 羞愧 shameless adj. 不知耻的 shameful adj. 可耻的；不体面的比较ashamed/shameful：ashamed感到羞耻的；感到惭愧的。指事情使人感到羞耻，惭愧，难为情等。只能用作表语。shameful可耻的；丢脸的。指事情或行为本身不道德。既可用作表语又可用作定语。he was ashamed to cheat，because he realized that it was shameful to cheat in the exam.翻译：他为作弊而羞愧，因为他认识到考试作弊是可耻的。【归纳】1. 因(做了)某事儿感到惭愧_2. 耻于去做某事_3. 对感到惭愧_【活用】 选词填空(ashamed，shame，shameful，shameless)(1) i was _of having lied to my teacher.(2) if he does anything _，i wont forgive him.(3) he is a _ liar.(4) the football riot(骚乱) made me _ to be english.(5) how can you do such a thing? have you no _？ 10. in spite of不管，不顾，尽管【例句】in spite of /despite his age, he still leads an active life. english became the official language for business in spite of the fact that the population was largely chinese.【归纳】1. in spite of _2. in spite of/despite/regardless of后跟 、 、代词、名词短语等3. regardless of 表示“不管；不顾；不理会”。【活用】(1) 不管别人说了什么，我仍认为他这个人很好。 , i think hes a very nice person. (say)(2)尽管天气不好，他们的假期还是过得极为愉快。they had a wonderful holiday, . ( spite)= , they still had a wonderful holiday. (although)11. risk n. /vt. 风险，冒险；冒的风险 risky adj. 冒险的【例句】smoking can increase the risk of developing heart disease. patients should be made aware of the risks involved with this treatment.as with all diseases, certain groups will be more at risk than others.if we go to war, innocent lives will be put at risk.we dont want to run the risk of losing their business.thats a risk im not prepared to take. you have no right to take risks with other peoples lives.he risked his life to save her. they knew they risked being arrested.【归纳】(1). 冒险去做(2). 冒的危险 (3). 在危险中(4). 在的危险中；冒 的危险(5). 冒险做某事 (v.)(6). 冒生命危险去做某事 (v.)【活用】(1)为了寻找失踪的小孩，他冒着被困风雪中的危险。in order to search for the lost child, he risked a storm. (catch)(2)战争爆发了，许多无辜的民众处于失去生命的危险之中。the war broke out, and many innocent people losing their live. (risk)period 2 reading advice from grandad 【学习目标】1. 熟练掌握文中重点单词和短语，并了解重要句型的表达法。2. 运用略读和扫读策略迅速获取信息,并能够精读文章获取信息和分析信息。 【重点句型】句型1 it seems amazing that at my age i am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon.【翻译】像我这样的年纪，身体健康而且能在一个下午骑车跑20公里，感到惊奇吧。【解析】 it 在句子作_ 主语，代替that引导的主语从句。【拓展】it 充当形式主语的常见结构：1. 代替不定式：sometimes, it is difficult to give up smoking.2. 代替动名词: its no use crying spilt milk. 覆水难收。3. 代替主语从句:it has been proved again and again that repeated advertising increases product sales.【活用】1. _.(it)如果你继续吸烟的话，你很有可能遭受不健康之苦。2. _. (it)你有必要服药来控制血压。句型2 when i was taken off the school football team because i was unfit, i knew it was time to quit smoking.(p18) 【翻译】当因为我不再适合而被学校足球队开除以后，我意识到自己是时候戒烟了。 【解析】 it is (high / about) time for sb. to do sth. it is (high / about) time that .其意义为： 。 前句为简单句，后句为复合句，且从句中必须使用 。 it is high time for us to say goodbye. it is high time . 【拓展】翻译下列有关“time”的句型：(1) it is high time the teacher dismissed the class. (2) it was the second time that the teacher had been interrupted.(3) the first time i met her in shanghai, i fell in love with her. (4) by the time i got home, my family had finished supper. (5) there was a time when i was often bullied by my classmates. 句型3 i do hope so because i want you to live as long and healthy a life as i have.【翻译】我的确希望你把它戒掉，因为我希望你能像我这样活得健康长寿。【解析】（1）句中的do是谓语动词的一种强调形式，表示“ ”。英语中，特别是在祈使句或肯定句中，需要强调谓语动词时，须在谓语动词前加上助动词do，does或did，用以加强语气。do come here tomorrow morning! 明天上午务必要来！do you mean it sounds strange? i will tell you something that does sound strange.你是说这听起来很奇怪吗？ 我来告诉你一些听起来真的很奇怪的事情。【活用】if you have a job，_(一定要致力于)it and finally youll succeed.（2）“as/so.as.” 如果与单数可数名词连用，它们的顺序是： 。this is as good an example as the other is.这是一个像其它的一样好的例子。im not so good a player as any of you.我不是一个像你们任何一个一样好的运动员。 如果与不可数名词连用，它们的顺序是： 。i can carry as much paper as you can. 我可像你一样能够带一样多的纸。【归纳】as.as.；not so.as.；so.that.；too.to/for；how如果与单数可数名词连用，它们的顺序一律是：_ 【活用】 she is that everyone likes her.她是那样一个可爱的女孩，以至于每个人都喜欢她。 this is for me. 这是一个对我来说太长的旅程。 it is！多么热的一天啊！ although he was disabled，he tried to lead _ as possible. (尽可能正常的生活)(normal) hurry up！well miss the train. cant you run any faster?sorry，im going _(尽可能快地)(fast)【短语加油站】1. 足够健康去做be fit enough to do9. 感到烦躁feel bad-tempered2. 在痛苦中be in pain10. 多次；反复over and over again3. 严重损害do terrible damage to11. 停止吸烟quit smoking4. 设法做.manage to do12. 对做出决定decide on5. 列举make a list of.13. 扔掉throw away6. 一包香烟a packet of cigarette14. 决心做be determined to do7. 想要做feel like doing15. 破除旧习break the habit8. 做一些放松运动do some relaxation exercises16. 感到紧张feel stressed18period 3grammar focus【学习目标】(1) 学生能发现、理解、归纳课文中代词it的各种用法。(2) 学生能熟练运用it到各种场合，能够解答与之相关的习题；学会使用it有关的高级句型尤其是强调句型、it作形式主语。【自主预习】一作代词。 代替上文中提到过的人或事物。指代人时，一般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。1) who is the baby? its my teachers son2) who is that gentleman? its my friend tomhe wants to see you区别： one 与 it 不定代词one 指代前文提到的同类事物之一，而 it 特指上文中提到的同一事物。试对比：this pair of shoes is small. may i have another one？（泛指的另一双）这又鞋子太小了，再拿一双给我看看好吗?my pen is missing.i cant find it.我的钢笔丢了找不到了(it指my pen)二. it 作为无人称动词的主语，表示天气 ，时间，距离，环境情况等等。这时的it 不指某个具体的东西。没有明确的含义。如1).its half an hours walk from here to our school从这儿到我们学校是步行一个小时的路程。2) its nice and warm here这里非常暖和。3) but its two oclock now, and its time for us to go to school两点了，该是上学的时间了。4) its quite close in the room . lets open the window for a while。房间里太闷，把窗子打开一会儿吧。三.“it” 可以代