八下现在完成时.doc

一、现在完成时：（一）.现在完成时的简介。1.肯定式 主语助动词have has 过去分词其它 2.否定式 主语助动词have hasnot过去分词其它 3.一般疑问式 助动词Have Has 主语过去分词其它 ？（二）现在完成时的使用例句。1.肯定式 （1）Ive just copied all the new words 我刚抄写了所有的生词。 (表示不要再抄了)（2）She has lost her books 她丢失了她的书。 （表示到目前为止还没有找到）（如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到）（3）Weve just cleaned the classroom 我们刚好打扫了教室。（表明现在教室是干净的） 2.否定式（1）I havent finished my homework yet我还没有完成我的作业。 （2）She hasnt travelled on a train 她没有坐火车旅行过。 （3）We have never spoken to a foreigner我们从来没有和外国人说过话。 注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如： （4）I have never seen him before以前我从来没有见过他。 3.一般疑问式 （1）Have you ever made dumplings ？你曾经做过饺子吗？ Yes ，I have 是的，我做过。 （2）Has she ever been abroad ？她曾经出过国吗？ No，never不，从来没有。 （3）Have they found the lost books yet ？他们已经找到了丢失的书吗？ Yes ，they have是的，他们找到了。 二、现在完成时的用法 （一）现在完成时的用法1：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词already（已经） ，yet（还、已经） ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经） ，never（从不） ，before（以前）等连用。（二）现在完成时用法二2持续性用法（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for 一段时间或“since过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时）以及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。for + 段时间since +点时间三、have been to ,have gone to, have been in区别1. have (has) been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用。如： Ive just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。have (has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。Ive been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。 2. have (has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如：- Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？ - He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。Present perfect tense (现在完成时)项目内容备注概念表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。(有的语法书上称之为现在完成时的“完成用法”。)Eddie has eaten my food.(Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.)表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。(有的语法书上称之为现在完成时的“未完成用法”。)Eddie has lived with Mille since he was born.Eddie has lived with Mille for four years.关键词already(用于肯定句), yet(用于否定句和疑问句), since+一点时间, for+一段时间, never, ever, three times(其它表示频率的词, once, twice等) before, recently, in the past/last few years, so far,表示过去某一个动作的结果，现在情况依然存在。这时一般不用时间状语。I have lost my pen.同步练习A.用所给动词的适当形式填空：1.My sister _(have) this dictionaryfor about five years.2.We _ (know) each otherfor about two years.3.He _(live) in Nanjingsince he was a child.4.How many English words _ your sister _ (learn)in the past two years?5._ you _ (travel) to Shanghaibefore?6.Linda_ (not finish) reading the bookyet.7.I _ (not hear) from himrecently.8.The train _already_. (leave)9. We _(be) there many timesin the last three years.10.He _(not read) the bookbefore.11.-_ you _(see) the filmyet? -Yes. We saw it yesterday.12.-_heever_(visit) England?-Never.B.句型转换1.Mymother hasalreadyfinished her housework.（否、疑）2、Tom has read newspapersfor two hours.（对划线部分提问）3.Hehasstudied Englishsince 2005.（对划线部分提问）4、My father has given mea new pen.（对划线部分提问）现在完成时中的“延续性”问题英语中有些动词表示的是一种短暂的动作，没有持续性，即“一发生就结束”的动作，这类动词一般称为“非延续性动词”(亦叫点动词或瞬间动词或终止性动词)，在现在完成时中，不能同表示一段时间的状语或How long连用。常见的这类动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, lose, join, borrow, die, begin.这些动词如果要一段时间连用，必须改成相应的具有延续性的词。(课本P32)使用注意事项：a)非延续性动词可用于现在完成时，但不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用；The train has arrived.火车到了。The train has been here for two hours.火车到这里已经两个小时了。The boy has left.那个男孩走了。The boy has been away for two days.那个男孩离开已经两天了。b)表示一段时间的时间状语一般为：How long?for +一段时间；since+一点时间。A.用所给的时间状语改写句子：1. He left Nanjing three days ago. (for three days)2. The poor man has died. (for many years)3. We have bought this house. (for a long time)4. The Greens have come to China. (since 1998)5.Sally borrowed this book two weeks ago. (for two weeks)B.翻译句子：1.这台电脑我已经买了很长时间了。2.这本杂志他已经借了几乎一个星期了。3.自上个周五以来这些游客一直呆在南京。4.那位老人去世已经有相当一段时间了。5.电影开始多久了？6.Kitty离开已经两天了吗？7.Sandy加入这个俱乐部已经三年了。单项选择：( ) 1. -Did you borrow the comic book from the library?-Yes. I _ it for three days. Ill return it this afternoon. A. borrowed B. kept C. have borrowedD. have kept( ) 2. Look, Peter is still reading in the library. He _ here for two hours. A. has come B. has been C. was D. came( ) 3. -So far, how long _ you _ the city? (09泰州)-For two years.A. have; been in B. did; come to C. have; gone toD. will; go to( ) 4. The teachers _ the office for a few minutes when we arrived.We didnt meet them.A. had been away from B. had leftC. have been away from D. have left( ) 5. -_ did the important meeting_?（08宿迁）- For about two hours.A. When; begin B. How long; beginC. When; last D. How long; last( ) 6. -How long have Mr and Mrs Smith_? (08无锡)-For more than twenty years.A. married B. had married C. got married D. been married( ) 7. -_ did your uncle leave his hometown? (08扬州)-He _ for nearly twenty years. A. When; has left B. When; has been away C. How long; has left D. How long; has been away( ) 8. -Betty, did your son get married in the year 2000?-Yes, he _ for about eight years.A. has marriedB. has been marriedC. has got marriedD. was married现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示一个在过去完成的动作，但现在完成时强调的是与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果或影响等，属于现在时范围，谈论的是现在的情况。而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系，现在情况可能已发生变化。Who opened the door? (“谁开的门？”只强调过去开门这一动作，门现在可能已关上。)Who has opened the door? (“谁把门开了？”强调门现在依然还开着。)现在完成时不能与明确的过去时间状语连用，如：three days ago, last year, yesterday, last Sunday, in 2008等等。如句中有以上这些明确的过去时间状语，应用一般过去时。再有，过去发生的一个动作，如现在情况已经发生的变化，也应用一般过去时。特别提醒：如果这些过去时间状语前有since，表示“自过去某一时间一直延续到现在”，应用现在完成时。He finished reading the book the day before yesterday.I put my ruler in my pencil-box, but I cant find it now.My cousin has been in Nanjing since 2009.现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用，when后只用一般过去时表示已发生的动作。但现在完成时可与where, why等疑问词连用。如：Where have you been? (你去过哪里了？)-The train has left.-When did the train leave?since引导的时间状语从句后面用一般过去时，只有前面的主句才用现在完成时。Wehave knowneach other since wecameto the school two years ago.同步练习；动词填空：1.I _(see) Tom last Friday.2._you _(go) to the Great Wall last summer?3.When _ you _(start) to live in China?4.-The train _ (leave) already. -When _ the train _(leave)?5.It is five years since I _met_(meet) you last.6.I _ (lose) my pen in the bedroom. I have to write with a pencil.单项选择：( ) 1. My father _ here since he _ to this school. A. taught; came B. has taught; came C. taught; has come D. has taught; has come( ) 2. I am sorry youve missed the train. It _ 10 minutes ago. A. left B. has left C. has been left D. had left( ) 3. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you again! Its one year since I last _ you.A. saw B. see C. seeing D. have seen( ) 4. - Have you visited the Dinosaur World, Elsa?（宁波） - Yes, I _ it yesterday. A. have visited B. had visited C. visited D. visit( ) 5. - Nice to see you. I _ you for a long time.- I _ in Bejing. Ive just come back. A. hadnt seen; am B. havent seen; was C. didnt see; will be D. havent seen; shall be( ) 6. When _you _ your dictionary?A. did; loseB. has; lost C. will; lose D. does; lose( ) 7. There _ many great changes in my hometown since ten years ago. A. were B. have C. are D. have been( ) 8. -My father _ Shanghai with my grandparents.-Really? _ will they come back? A. has been to; How soon B. has gone to; How soon C. has been to; How long D. has gone to; How long( ) 9. -How long have Mr and Mrs Smith_? (08无锡)-For more than twenty years. A. married B. had married C. got marriedD. been married( ) 10. -_ did your uncle leave his hometown? (08扬州)-He _ for nearly twenty years. A. When; has left B. When; has been away C. How long; has left D. How long; has been away( ) 11. -Betty, did your son get married in the year 2000?-Yes, he _ for about eight years.A. has marriedB. has been marriedC. has got marriedD. was married( ) 12. -Hello! Can I speak to Mr White? (09无锡)-Sorry, he isnt here right now. He _ to the theme park. A. will go B. was going C. has goneD. has been( ) 13. Look, Peter is still reading in the library. He _ here for two hours.A. has come B. has been C. was D. came( ) 14. -Where is John? I have something important to tell him.-Hes ill. He _ in hospital since last Monday. A. has gone B. is C. was D. has been( ) 15. -So far, how long _ you _ the city?-For two years.A. have; been inB. did; come to C. have; gone to D. will; go to( ) 16.-I hear Sam has gone to Qingdao for his holiday.-Oh, how nice! Do you know when he _? A. left B. was leaving C. has left D. had left( ) 17. -Did you borrow the comic book from the library? -Yes. I _ it for three days. Ill return it this afternoon. A. borrowed B. kept C. have borrowed D. have kept( ) 20. Ericsneverseen a three-D movie at the cinema, _?A. hasnt he B. has he C. isnt he D. is he( ) 21. -You have a nice watch. (2010扬州)-Thank you. I _ it since I got married. A. had B. boughtC. have had D. have bought( ) 22. -_ have you stayed in this school? -For three years. A. How farB. How longC. How often D. How many( ) 23. Mr. Li _ Britainseveral times. Tomorrow he will give us a talk about British culture. A. has gone to B. have gone toC. has been to D. have been to( ) 24. -We can hear many kinds of birds singing around us. -Oh, our government _ action to improve the environmentin the past few years. A. will take B. has taken C. took D. take