全新版大学英语快速阅读英汉对照UNIT6.doc

Unit 6 第六单元Karoshi 过劳死You might be of the opinion that a little hard work never hurt anyone, but this old saying 你可能会认为有点努力工作不会伤害任何人,但这个老说is wearing thin. Tokyo interiors fitter Nobuo Miuro, quite literally, died in his work boots 穿着瘦。东京的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感钳工Nobuo Miuro照字面上,死于他的工作的靴子in the middle of a 17-hour shift: a Japanese doctor returned a verdict of death by overwork. 这场当中的改变:日本医生裁定死于加班。Its a phenomenon that has become so common in Japan (where a typical office worker can 那是一种现象,已经非常普遍在日本(在一个典型的办公室工人可以leave home at 7am, only getting back after 11pm) that they even have their own word for it: 早上7点离开家,只在晚上11点后打回到,他们甚至还有自己的的话:karoshi. “过劳死”。Karoshi has yet to make it as a buzzword in current British usage, but thats not to say 还没有过劳死,在当前的热门话题,而英国的用法,但这并不是说that long hours and work-related stress arent taking their toll on us here. Self-reported 那么长时间和工作压力不重要,我们这里的代价。自报的health problems in the past 12 months by people in the UK working 48 hours or more have 健康问题,在过去的12个月,英国人在48小时内工作included mental exhaustion (54 %), difficulty sleeping (43 %) and range from chronic 包括精神的疲惫(5400 %),入睡困难(43 %)年龄从慢性headaches and irritable bowel trouble to ulcers and drug or alcohol problems. 头痛和肠易激麻烦去溃疡和吸毒或喝酒的问题。The weird thing is that not all of this chaos is brought about because we work for mean 奇怪的是,不是所有这些带来混乱,因为我们工作的意思bosses, keen to keep us working even on Christmas day. 老板,想把我们的工作更圣诞节。Deborah is the marketing director of a major fashion outlet. She regularly burns the 黛博拉是营销总监的一个主要时尚的电源插座上。她经常会midnight oil but has few regrets. I did begin to worry a bit when they moved the chocolate 并没有太多的遗憾开夜车。“我做了开始有点担心当他们把巧克力vending machine right outside my office door. Apparently I get through more chocolate bars 自动售货机就在外面我的办公室的门。显然我抓住更多的巧克力in one week than the entire second floor get through in a month. But other than not having a 比在一个星期内度过整个三楼的在一个月。但是除了没有particularly healthy diet and probably drinking more coffee than is good for me, I really 尤其是健康的饮食和可能喝的咖啡而非对我也有好处,我真的love my job. 热爱我的工作。”But theres another reason Deborah says she works so hard. Most offices are still a little 但在底波拉的另一个原因就是说她工作很努力。“大多数办公室还是有点dominated by males, she says. Being a woman, I feel that I have to work even harder than 男性主导的,”她说。“作为一个女人,我觉得我有更加努力地工作the men if I want to be taken seriously. Deborah believes that for women to succeed in the 男人如果我想受到重视。”黛博拉认为成功的女性workplace they have to shoulder more than their fair share of the workload, but shes 他们会承担工作比他们相同的工作量,但她的adamant that her efforts are being rewarded. 坚信她的努力正在给予奖励。In recognition of my hard work I was given a new Alfa Romeo as my company car and they re “教授,以表扬他们在我的努力工作他给我一个新的阿尔发罗密欧作为公司车,它们是talking about giving me a posting in Italy next year. Lucky Deborah! Italians, according to 谈论让我张贴在意大利明年。”幸运的底波拉!根据意大利人,the Trades Union Congress, only work an average of 38.5 hours every week. 英国工会联盟平均工作的,只有们只有38.5小时每星期。The Culture of Lead Time “领先的文化来,Advance notice is often referred to in America as lead time, an expression which is 通知在美国常被称为“交货期,”表示的significant in a culture where schedules are important. While it is learned informally, most 重要的意义,在一种文化,在时间表是很重要的。而据了解非正式地,最多of us are familiar with how it works in our own culture, even though we cannot state the 我们都很熟悉如何操作,在自己的文化中,虽然我们不能说的rules technically. The rules for lead time in other cultures, however, have rarely been 规则技术上。交货时间的规则在其他一些文化中,然而,人们很少analyzed. At the most they are known by experience to those who lived abroad for some time. 分析。在最他们广为人知的经验,那些在国外住了一段时间。Yet think how important it is to know how much time is required to prepare people, or for 然而认为是多么的重要,知道有多少时间是要准备的人,或者them to prepare themselves, for things to come. Sometimes lead time would seem to be very 他们准备自己,因为事情。有时他们会时间会显得很extended. At other times, in the Middle East, any period longer than a week may be too long. 延长。在其他时候,在中东,任何一段时间超过星期可能太长了。How troublesome differing ways of handling time can be is well illustrated by the case of an 不同处理方式多大的麻烦时间可以有精美的插图的具体俺American agriculturalist assigned to duty as an attache of our embassy in a Latin country. 美国agriculturalist指定责任作为一种封装在拉丁美国大使馆的国家。After what seemed to him a suitable period he let it be known that he would like to call on 在经过似乎一个合理的时间内他让大家知道他想叫the minister who was his counterpart. For various reasons, the suggested time was not 这位部长谁是他的配偶。由于种种原因,提出的时间suitable; all sorts of cues came back to the effect that the time was not yet ripe to visit 合适的,各种线索回到效果当时时机未成熟去看望他的祖父the minister. Our friend, however, persisted and forced an appointment, which was 部长。我们的朋友,然而,坚持并迫使预约,这是reluctantly granted. Arriving a little before the hour (the American respect pattern), he 不情愿地同意。到了小之前到达(美国尊重图案),他waited. The hour came and passed; five minutesten minutesfifteen minutes. At this point 等待。时候到了,并通过;5 minutes-ten minutes-fifteen分钟。在这一点上he suggested to the secretary that perhaps the minister did not know he was waiting in the 他建议对秘书说的也许部长却不知道他是等在outer office. This gave him the feeling he had done something concrete and also helped to 办公室外间。这给了他一种感觉他没有什么具体,也帮助overcome the great anxiety that was stirring inside him. Twenty minutestwenty-five minutes 克服十分焦虑不安的他。20 minutes-twenty-five分钟thirty minutesforty-five minutes (the insult period)! minutes-forty-five分钟(对风车时间)!He jumped up and told the secretary that he had been cooling his heels in an outer office 他跳了起来,叫秘书,他已经被“镇定他的脚跟”在办公室外间for forty-five minutes and he was damned sick and tired of this type of treatment. This 为45分钟,他是“该死的烦透了”的这种类型的治疗。这message was relayed to the minister, who said, in effect, Let him cool his heels. The 信息是转交给部长,他们说,事实上,“让他冷静他的脚跟。”这attache s stay in the country was not a happy one. 封装的那呆在这个国家的不是一个幸福的家庭。The principal source of misunderstanding lay in the fact that in the country in question the 误解的主要来源躺在的事实是,在国家的问题five-minute delay interval was not significant. Forty-five minutes, on the other hand, 五分钟的延迟时间不是很显著。45分钟,另一方面,instead of being at the tail end of the waiting scale, was just barely at the beginning. To 而不是最差的等待标准来才刚刚开始。到suggest to an American s secretary that perhaps her boss didnt know you were there after 建议美国的那秘书,也许她的老板不知道你在那里以后waiting sixty seconds would seem absurd, as would raising a storm about cooling your heels 等待六十秒似乎荒谬的,必要时可以提高风暴关于“冷却你的高跟鞋”for five minutes. Yet this is precisely the way the minister registered the complaints of 五分钟。但这正是注册了的投诉的部长the American in his outer office! He felt, as usual, that Americans were being totally 美国在他的办公室外间!他认为,像往常一样,美国人被完全医好unreasonable. 不合理的。Throughout this unfortunate episode the attache was acting according to the way he had been 在这一不幸事件的随员的行为是按照brought up. At home in the United States his responses would have been normal ones and his 长大的。美国在家里的意见将会是普通电池和他的朋友们的behavior correct. Yet even if he had been told before he left home that this sort of thing 行为正确的。然而,即使他已经告诉他离家前,这类的事情would happen, he would have had difficulty not feeling insulted after he had been kept 要发生的事,他会有困难没有感觉到侮辱他保存waiting for forty-five minutes. If, on the other hand, he had been taught the details of the 等待45分钟。另一方面,如果他所受教育的细节local time system just as he should have been taught the local spoken language, it would 当地时间系统只是,他应该被教当地的口语,那样have been possible for him to adjust himself accordingly. 可能他调整自己进行相应的调整。Pace of Life 的生活节奏You and I agree to meet at four-thirty. I show up at 4: 33. I dont say anything, because 你和我同意见面四点半了。我出现在4:33。我什么都不要说,因为thats close enough to satisfy our social contract. Only after five minutes do you expect me 真够悬的足够使我们的社会契约。只有五分钟后你指望我来了to say, Sorry I m late. 说:“对不起,我迟到的。”At ten minutes I owe you an explanation: The freeway exit was closed. I had to go four 在十分钟,我欠你一个解释:“高速公路出口是关闭的。我必须去共四人miles out of my way. After twenty minutes I have to make a full and serious apology. After 公里)的方向。”20分钟后,我必须充分和严重的道歉。在forty minutes I d better not show up at all. 40分钟,我最好不要露面。That sort of thingso formally observed and never explicitly stateddrives people from 那种thing-so,不明确stated-drives正式观察人other cultures crazy. Anthropologists list the toughest things to cope with in a foreign 其他文化疯了。人类学家列表最艰难的事情要应付在外国land. Second only to language is the way we deal with time. 土地。仅次于语言是我们的方式处理时间。Now psychologists look at our view of time another way. They go into several countries and 心理学家现在时间观点看一下我们的另一种方式。他们往几个国家和measure the pace of life. They measure the accuracy of bank clocks and how fast city 测量了生活的节奏。他们测量精度的时钟和银行有多快的城市dwellers walk. They time transactions in banks and post offices. They see how long people 居民走路。携带银行、邮局等交易。他们认为多长时间的人take to answer questions. 要回答问题。Japanese keep the fastest pace. Americans are a close second. Italians and Indonesians are 日本保持最快的速度。美国人是一个密切的第二。意大利和印尼有at the bottom of the list. Italians give long answers to your questions. Indonesians dont 排在最后。意大利人给长回答你的问题。印尼人不give a fig about setting their bank clocks. 给无花果关于树立自己的银行的时钟。Among American cities, Boston and Kansas City are fastest. New York is up there, of course, 在美国的城市,波士顿和堪萨斯城是最快。纽约是,当然,but we keep a faster pace here in Houston. California s laid-back reputation is deserved. 不过我们留有这里快的速度在休斯敦。加州的“悠閒的“信誉是该当的。The slowest pace of all is kept in Los Angeles. 所有的最低水平保持在洛杉矶。Finally, we look at heart disease. Thats tricky, because other factors are involved. Our 最后,我们看心脏病。这是非常困难的,因为其他因素有关。我们heart s greatest enemy is tobacco. But heart disease also correlates with the pace we keep. 心很最大的敌人是烟草。但是心脏病也与我们保持节奏。Smokers who drive themselves are really asking for it. 吸烟的人自己开车真是提出需求。Now its 4: 55. I m strolling, unhurried, toward our 4: 30 meeting. I m thinking about 现在是4:55岁了。“我漫步,从容,向我们的4点30会议。“我想something Isaac Watts, the English poet, wrote: 以撒瓦的能量,同样的东西英国诗人写道:Time, what an empty vapour it is; 时间的话,一个空的蒸汽,And days how swift they are! 又一天如何迅速!Swift as an Indian arrow flies, 印度快快箭飞,Or like a shooting star. 或像一颗流星。That tension soaks through our view of time. Can we see time as an empty vapor? Or do our 我们认为这种张力泡通过。我们能看到时间空虚的蒸汽吗?或做我们的technologies define time and bind us to it? In a technology-dense world, we too often let 技术定义的时间和使我们呢?在technology-dense世界,我们也常常让time turn into an Indian arrowone aimed at our heart. 时间变成一个印度arrow-one针对我们的心里。So the clock ticks, and we ask: Is time an arrow we must dodge or vapor we can ignore? If we 所以钟滴答响,我们问:是时候箭我们必须躲避或蒸汽我们可以忽略?如果我们re smart, we live by the clock only when we have to. Otherwise, we sit back and play. We 真是聪明,我们生活的闹钟只有当我们没有别的办法。否则,我们坐下来,玩。我们know how to let time be only vapor, after all. 知道如何让时间只有蒸汽。The Impact of Time 时间的影响Have you ever studied your calendar and wondered where the weeks and months went? Time seems 你有没有考虑过你的日历,不知道周或数月的地方去了吗?时间似乎是to fly when we are too busy to be in the moment. 飞当我们太忙,“在这个时刻。”If you want to be present for your life, slow down and create timelessness by engaging in 如果你想要送给你的生活,慢下来,创造永恒所从事activities that give you joy. 活动,给您带来快乐。In a book by Dr. Stephen Rechtschaffen, called Timeshifting: Creating More Time To Enjoy 在一本由斯蒂芬Rechtschaffen患病,称为Timeshifting:创造更多的时间来享受Your Life, the author states that 95 percent of us suffer from time poverty. This is when 你的生活,作者声称95%的美国遭受“时间贫穷。”这是当you feel frustrated, stressed, trapped and under constant pressure. You have the nagging 你感到灰心,紧张,被困和持续紧逼。你有纠缠不休的feeling you should be engaged in something else and life seems to be slipping away. 感觉你应该从事些别的东西,生命似乎是悄悄溜走。Our challenge with the pace of society begins when we are children. Children move to a 我们的挑战的节奏社会即将来临的时候,我们是儿童。孩子搬到一个different rhythm; at times they move fast, but when they discover something new and 不同节奏,有时它们快速移动,但是当他们发现一些新的东西exciting, or something they love, they slow down and are present. Timelessness is a child 刺激,或一些他们的爱,他们慢了下来,然后是“现在”。永恒是一个孩子at play. To children, the rhythm of society is a rude awakening. 在玩。给孩子们,节奏的社会是一个粗鲁的觉醒。One morning I woke up late and raced through my morning trying to get my children ready for 一天早上我醒来晚了,我突然试图把我的孩子们早上准备好school. My preschooler was drawing with colored pencils and was lost in the moment of making 学校。我正在画的学前班的用彩笔和丢了的时刻制造beautiful art when I interrupted him. I grabbed the pencils and tossed them into a bag but 美丽的艺术当我就打断了他。我抓起铅笔,把他们进一个袋子里not before he retaliated by screaming and throwing his paper. My oldest son was not 在此之前,他报复性的尖叫着,把他的论文。我大儿子却没有impressed when I told him we had to go. 当我告诉他我们的印象去了。I was at fault for pushing these children out of their rhythm. I should have given them more 我错了让这些孩子从他们的节奏。我本应该给他们更多的time. They have their whole lives to run at society s pace. 时间。他们也有自己的整个生命中运行在社会的步伐。Think about time and its impact on your life. If you conduct yourself as if you are driving 考虑时间及其对你生活的影响。如果你。我对你有信心,如果你是开车200 miles an hour and suddenly slow down to 50 miles an hour, you will feel major discomfort 200哩,而突然减速以50英里每小时的时间,你就会感到主要不适or may have an accident. 也可能发生意外的。If you work all day and life is hectic, what do you do when you get home? You turn on the 如果你工作了一天,生活是重,你在做什么时,你回家吗?”你打开television, computer or stereo to ease the transition and keep a similar rhythm that you 电视、电脑或立体来缓解转换和保持一个类似的节奏,但你experienced during the day. 有经验的白天。Going from chaos to a quiet environment is awkward. It is uncomfortable because we slow down 要从乱一个安静的环境就会很难。它让我感到不舒服,因为我们慢下来and have time to reflect on our lives and challenges. Most of us prefer not to deal with 也有时间来反省我们的生活和挑战。我们大多数人不愿意要处理inner conflicts, so we keep busy. We turn on technology and tune out. 内心冲突,所