六级听力选择题目答题方法点拨.doc

六级听力选择题目答题方法点拨一，基本解题思路小对话：视听反向原则、同义替换原则。视听反向原则是指，在小对话的题目中，看似明显被读到的选项反而更容易是错的。但须注意，当小对话原文本身较长或生僻词较多时，该原则可能会出现特例，如03年6月第8题。同义替换是指，若某一选项中的单词或短语是听力原文中单词或短语的同义形式，则该选项容易为正确。例题：2002年6月六级考试第4题A. The woman doesnt think it a problem to get her passport renewed.B. The woman has difficulty renewing her passport.C. The woman hasnt renewed her passport yet.D. The womans passport is still valid。原文：M: Have you run up against any problems in getting the passport renewed?W: I havent started applying yet。Q: What do we know from the conversation?解析：可以明显看出，本题的答案为D。其中，另外三项的大部分单词或短语都被读到。”valid”意为“(在一段时间内)有效的”。例题：2007年6月六级考试第15题A. More money. B. Fair treatment. C. A college education. D. Shorter work hours。原文：W: I hear your boss has a real good impression of you and he is thinking about giving you two more days off each month。M: I hope not. Id rather get more work hours so I can get enough bucks to help out my two kids at college。Q: What does the man truly want?解析：准确答案A。More money 替换enough bucks，同义替换，听到的慎选。例题：2008年12月六级考试第16题A. Fixing some furniture. B. Repairing the toy train。C. Reading the instructions. D. Assembling the bookcase。原文：M: The instructions on the package say that you need to do some assembly yourself. Ive spent all afternoon trying in vain to put this bookcase together。W: I know what you mean. Last time I tried to assemble a toy train for my son and I almost gave up。Q: What does the man find difficult?解析：准确答案D。assemble 和put.together同义替换，听到部分的慎选。长对话和短文听力：视听基本一致原则、同义替换原则、特殊词定位原则视听基本一致的含义是指，若听到的原文和看到的选项基本一致，则选项容易为正确。这一点和小对话的原则恰恰相反，请考生一定注意。同义替换原则，同小对话。特殊词定位原则是指，在原文中特殊词(如序数词1st，极端词most、most important、only，逻辑连接词because、since、but、however，以及自问自答的回答部分)后面很可能出现正确答案信息。例题：2009年6月六级考试第1道长对话：Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard。19. A. Current trends in economic development。B. Domestic issues of general social concern。C. Stories about Britains relations with other nations。D. Conflicts and compromises among political parties。20. A. Based on the poll of public opinions。B. By interviewing people who file complaints。C. By analyzing the domestic and international situation。D. Based on public expectations and editors judgment。21. A. Underlying rules of editing。B. Practical experience。C. Audiences feedback。D. Professional qualifications。答案：BDB原文：Long conversation oneW: Youre the editor of Public Eye. What kind of topics does your program cover?M: Well, there are essentially domestic stories. We dont cover international stories. We dont cover party politics or economics. We do issues of general social concern (19题答案，视听基本一致原则)to our British audience. They can be anything from the future of the health service to the way the environment is going downhill。W: How do you choose the topic? (听到choose the topic，同时看到20题选项by和based on，即可猜到20题是与这个问题关联的)Do you choose one because its what the public wants to know about or because its what you feel the public ought to know about?M: I think its a mixture of both。(第20题答案，需要简单概括归纳)Sometimes you have a strong feeling that something is important and you want to see it examined and you want to contribute to a public debate. Sometimes people come to you with things they are worried about and they can be quite small things. They can be a story about corruption in local government, something they cannot quite understand, why it doesnt seem to be working out properly, like they are not having their litter collected properly or the dustbins emptied。W: How do you know that youve got a really successful program? One that is just right for the time?M: I think you get a sense about it after working in it in a number of years(21题答案，同义替换practical experience). You know which stories are going to get the attention. They are going to be published just the point when the public are concerned about that。Q19-2119. What kind of topics does Public Eye cover?20. How does Public Eye choose its topics?21. What factor plays an important role in running a successful program?例题：2009年6月六级考试第3篇短文听力第34题34. A. There was a bomb scare。B. There was a terrorist attack。C. A fire alarm was set off by mistake。D. 50 pounds of explosives were found。答案：A原文：There was another bomb scare in a large London store last night(34题答案，视听基本一致原则) during late night shopping. Following a telephone call to the police from an anonymous caller, hundreds of shoppers were shepherded out of the store while roads in the area were sealed off. Police dogs spent hours searching the store for a bag which the caller claimed contained 50 pounds of explosives. Nothing was found and the store was given the all-clear by opening time this morning. A police spokesman said that this was the third bomb scare within a week and that we should all be on our guard。Q34: Why did people have to leave the London store last night?例题：2002年12月六级考试第1篇短文听力：Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard。11.A. To find ways to treat human wastes。B. To study the problems of local industries。C. To conduct a study on fishing in the Biramichi River。D. To investigate the annual catch of fish in the Biramichi River。12.A. Serious pollution upstream。B. Lack of oxygen。C. Overgrowth of water plants。D. Low water level。13.A. Theyll be closed down。B. Theyll be moved to other places。C. Theyre going to dismiss some of their employees。D. They have no money to build chemical treatment plants。14.A. Because the local fishing cooperative decided to reduce its catch。B. Because the local Chamber of Commerce tried preserve fishes。C. Because there were fewer fish in the river。D. Because over-fishing was prohibited。答案：CBDC原文：There are some serious problems in the Biramichi River. The local chamber of commerce, which represents the industry in the area, hired me as a consultant to do a one year study on fishing in the Biramichi River(第11题答案，视听基本一致原则) and write a report for them. This is my report:One of the major problems in the Biramichi River is that the level of oxygen in the water is too low。(第12题答案，视听基本一致原则，注意major的定位作用) Several chemicals have displaced the oxygen. This chemical pollution has two sources: the factories which dump polluted water directly into the river and the local community which dumps untreated human wastes into the river. The local town government has already spent 2 million dollars on waste water treatment projects, but it will cost another 27 million to complete the projects. It will take at least 15 years for the town to collect enough revenue from taxes to complete these projects. The factories here employ 17,000 people in an area where there is very little alternative employment. It is not economically practical to close or relocate the factories. Also the factories cannot afford to finance chemical treatment plants by themselves。(第13题答案，视听基本一致原则)Another problem is that the members of the Biramichi fishing cooperative are overfishing. Fishes are caught when they are on the way upstream to lay eggs. Consequently, not enough fish are left to reproduce in large number. The members of cooperative say that they had already reduced their annual catch by 50 percent. However, my studies indicate that they took fewer fish because there were fewer fish to catch(第14题答案，视听基本一致原则，注意because的定位作用)， not because they were trying to preserve fishes。11.What was the speaker assigned to do in the past year?12.What is one of the problems in the Biramichi River?13.What does the passage tell us about the factories along the river?14.Why was the annual catch of fish in the Biramichi River reduced according to the speaker?二，审题及利用选项推知答案1. 审题的作用：小对话看选项，判断题目类型，推知解题方法。长对话及短文看选项，推断问题，方便运用视听基本一致原则且帮助定位。预测长对话或短文的主题。2. 如何在完全听不懂的情况下通过选项推知答案：一般的，当两个选项意思相近或谈论的话题相同时，其中一个可能是正确答案；当两个选项通过同义转换使得实际观点相同时，两个选项均不是答案；当两个选项话题相同且意思相反时，其中一个可能是正确答案。例题：2009年6月六级考试第14题14. .A. She can help the man take care of the plants。B. Most plants grow better in direct sunlight。C. The plants need to be watered frequently。D. The plants should be placed in a shady spot。答案：D原文：14. M: The plants next to the window always look brown. You wouldnt know by looking at them that I water them every week。W: Maybe they dont like direct sunlight. I had the same problem with some of my plants. And a little shade helps them immensely。Q: What does the woman imply?解析：只看选项，CD选项相近且主语都是The plants，话题相同；BD选项话题相同且意思相反，所以选D 。三，部分统计类规律小对话：六级小对话听力场景里的故事情节总趋于不完美性比如，订票一般订不到，课程一般比较难，作业一般不好做，等等。当然，这只是一条统计规律，具体问题具体分析。另外的，一般情况下，小对话的第二句出现出题点的可能性大于第一句，也就是一般来讲第二句比第一句重要，但也会有第一句出现出题点的可能。长对话及短文听力：一般是顺序出题原则，但当有问及全文主题等类题目出现时，有可能不按顺序出题。一般首句或首句群会出题。六级听力复合式听写答题方法点拨1， 审题。先看第一句，判断出该篇的主题、感情基调及时态。再看单词空格前后的单词或短语，以此推知空格中所填单词的词性甚至词义。此外还需注意句子空格前后是什么单词，以判断句子的起止点。2， 速记。复合式听写在第一遍读文章时，时间是比较不够用的，所以如何锻炼自己速记能力很重要。如departmentdept, difficultdifft, three months later3m, eight days ago 8d等。对于写字慢的同学，句子不一定完全照搬，可以记下重点词，之后凭印象和逻辑连词成句。3， 注意单词拼写。一般常考的单词是名词和动词。名词需要注意单复数，动词需要注意时态。句子中如果遇到不会拼写的单词，可用同义词替换。例题：2009年6月六级考试复合式听写第36题English is the leading international language. In different countries around the globe, English is acquired as the mother (36) _, in others its used as a second language。答案：tongue相信大部分同学只要看了这句话，就都可以猜出在空格里填入的单词和前面mother构成的短语意思应该是“母语”，于是填入tongue。实际上这个空格是无需听音即可填出的。例题：1999年6月六级考试复合式听写第S1题President Clinton later today joins (S1) _presidents Ford, Garter and Bush at “the presidents summit for Americans future” aimed at recruiting one million volunteer tutors答案： former同样的，无需听音，即可猜出S1空格应和presidents搭配意为“前总统”，于是填入former。六级听力考前两周复习方法1， 复习高频词汇、常见场景词汇以及听力多义词汇。2， 总结真题中出现的固定搭配和习惯表达。3， 多听真题，尽量做到每天一套真题。同学们一定会发现，真题的参考性是非常大的，反复出一个考点在六级听力中屡见不鲜。比如六级考试09年6月第13题，原文及选项均仿照02年6月第3题。再如六级考试09年6月第15题，原文及选项均仿照00年6月第9题。此外六级考试07年12月第11题，原文及选项均仿照00年1月第5题。例题：2009年6月六级考试第13题13. A. Taking a picture of Prof. Brown。B. Commenting on an oil-painting。C. Hosting a TV program。D. Staging a performance。答案：C原文：13. W: Well, tonight we have Professor Brown in our studio to talk about the famous oil painting of Queen Victoria. Good evening, professor。M: Good evening, madam, my pleasure to be here tonight。Q: What is the woman doing?例题：2002年6月六级考试第3题3. A. Painting a picture。B. Hosting a program。C. Designing a studio。D. Taking a photograph。答案：B原文：3. W: Well, Tonight we have Prof. Brown in the studio to talk about his recent book, Fashion Images. Good evening。M: Good evening, and thank you for inviting me here this evening。Q: What is the woman doing?例题：2009年6月六级考试第15题15. .A. Change to a more exciting channel。B. See the movie some other time。C. Go to bed early。D. Stay up till eleven。答案：C原文：15. M: Im really exhausted, Mary. But I dont want to miss the Hollywood movie that comes on at 11.W: If I were you, Id skip it. We both have to get up early tomorrow. And anyway Ive heard its not as exciting as advertised。Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?例题：2000年6月六级考试第9题9. A. The man should stay up and watch the program。B. The man should read something exciting instead。C. The man should go to bed at eleven。D. The man should give up watching the movie。答案：D原文：9.M: Im really exhausted, but I dont want to miss the film that comes on at 11.W: If I were you, Id skip it. We both have to get up early tomorrow, and anyway, Ive heard it isnt that exciting。Q: What does the woman mean?考试复习时间所剩无几，基于复习时间已经很有限，目前的重点应该是8套左右的真题，年代太久远了也没用。争取每做一套，提高2-3分左右。这个提高是基于技巧和对阵题的感觉的把握上的，基本上，到了这个阶段，听力是不大可能有很大的提高。因此不要奢望最后两周忽然爆发式的得分。需要注意的仅仅是是技巧，以及中间部分对出题者思路的把握。 对于听力部分，你把前面年份的听力都听懂、摸熟了，得到的分数，基本就是你今年能拿的分数了。所以，每天花半个小时自测或者自测后晚上自己再听几遍，基本就不需要再花什么功夫了。如果真的需要，请注意如下几方面：做题技巧：做完快速阅读离听力开始还有五分钟，在这五分钟内老师会把你的答题卡1收上去，然后我们要做的就是浏览听力的所有选项。这段时间是充分发挥你记忆力的时候，记住的选项越多越好。加了长对话和复合式听写之后听力时间变长了，很容易让人觉得疲惫，所以听力的时候一定要保持最佳状态。一、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍，包括题干和答案。这样会大大提高你对听力的理解-知道它是讲什么内容，大概是怎么回事。这个时候不要去写考号什么的。尽管留到交卷时写好了。二、没听懂的题目，就放弃它，千万不要听下道题的时候还在想上道题。这样会引起头脑里面的混乱。如果引起连锁反应那你的复习就全白费了。三、相信第一感觉，听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。人的脑袋有时候会混淆的。因此很多情况下不是你选错了，而是改错了。因此轻易别选，但是选了之后轻易别改。四、赴考之前先检查耳机工作否。试音的时候把音量什么的调好就行了。其它的时间用来看卷子内容。五、复合式听写的句子部分是得分大户，也是丢分大户，一定注意听懂再写，以句子为单位而不是以单词为单位去写。写出主要意思即可。不会写的单词要用同义词来替换。听力各部分解题技巧1. 对话1） 提前阅读选项，判断问题所属，从而集中精力于有关信息2） 注意根据信息词汇判断地点和说话人的身份职业等3） 注意加减运算，听到的不是答案4） 注意记笔记，将人物、地点、时间等对号入座从语法、短语含义入手，判断隐含之意2. 复合式听写复合式听写是对应试者听的能力、拼写能力、记笔记能力和书面表达的能力的综合测试。它要求应试者不仅听懂内容，熟练而准确地拼写单词，更重要的是将其归纳、总结，把主要意思通过笔头表达出来。在整个听力理解过程中，要注意以下几点：1） 利用读指令的这段时间，大致浏览一遍短文，了解一下全文语意意群的内容，通过阅读，对于所有要听的文字材料在头脑中形成一个大概印象，并对要填写的文字进行初步猜测。2） 录音在放第三遍的时，应试者除了填充前两遍没有听懂的部分之外，主要精力应放在检查已填充的词、词组和句子是否正确上。许多容易形成笔误的部分应该在这一段时间内一一排除。例如，字母大小写问题，单词的拼写，名词的单复数，名词所有格，单数第三人称，冠词的运用，动词时态的统一，主谓一致，词的前缀后缀等。3） 太长的词可先简写词头，以后再补充。4） 注意力不要跟着阅读人的速度走，最好先到空格处，以集中精力听写。5） 要学会放弃，不会的和听不懂的不要纠缠，以免影响后面的发挥。6） 养成良好的应试心理，这对听力考试尤为重要。要想做好复合式听写的第二部分写出要点，需要做到以下几点：1. 分析，归纳和总结所听内容 所谓写出要点就是概括地写出主要意思。因此，并不需要把听到的内容全部写出来，凡是涉及到事物发展过程，背景等次要情节都不必写出，而是写出主干和结论，也就是讲话人要说明的内容。2. 简化句子与结构在听的过程中，往往会听到一个内容和结构都很复杂的句子，此时要抓住要点，可以把一个很复杂的句子简化为简单句表达出来3. 边听边记录由于一篇文章内容较多，只读三遍，速度快，即使听懂也难免遗漏内容，所以养成在听的过程中用英语或汉语简单快速地记下某些内容，以便写重点时参考。4. 抓住关键词，参考主题句在听的时候，要注意文章内的关键词和每段开头与结尾的句子，抓住几个关键词，再参考每段的主题句，猜测文章的主要内容和句子的主要意思，再用简单语言把它写出来也能得一定的分数。5. 用简单的语言写要点写要点时要注意语言的完整性和表达的正确性，要避免语法和拼写错误，要写完整的句子而不是单个词或短语。关于复合式听写我们可以当作一篇Cloze来做，通过对语篇的理解来猜测空格处有可能填的词汇和要点。在播放directions的时候做个小小的分析，可以让我们在听的时候更加有目的性，在这里我就对四级中出现的一次听写做一个简单的分析，供大家参考。It is difficult to imagine the sea ever running out of fish. Its so vast, so deep, so S1mysterious. 这里我们首先要知道its中的it指代的是sea,这个通过对第一句的分析很容易得出，通过三个so,可以发现空格里的词肯定是像vast, deep一样描述大海的，大海有那些特点？这个时候就可以在脑海里想想了。Unfortunately, its not bottomless. Over-fishing,S2 coupled with destructive fishing practices, is killing off the fish and S3ruining their environment.在这句话里，我们不难发现Over-fishing 和destructive fishing practices是并列的概念，可以用and来连接，而我们学过的有with的词组中表达and的一般有along with, together with和coupled with；后面一个空通过killing off the fish不难发现对their environment的动作肯定也不会好，应该和破坏有关，还要注意的是肯定是ing形式。Destroy the fish, and you destroy the fishermens means of living. At least 60 S4percent of the worlds commercially important fish S5 species are already over-fished. 这里通过60和of不难发现是要说明一个百分比，而通过对本句的理解，不难发现是说有60%的鱼的种类被过度捕捞。 Or fished to the limit. As a result, governments have had to close down some areas of sea to commercial fishing.Big, high-tech fleets S6 ensure that everything in their path is pulled out of water. 这里肯定是一个动词，那就看看Big, high-tech fleets和that everything in their path is pulled out of water.之间的关系，应该是有了big fleets, 才能有后面这种情况的。 Anything too small, or the wrong thing, is thrown back either dead or dying. Thats an S7average of more than 20 million metric tons every year.注意前面的冠词 an, 后面又有of, 并且是对数字的一个比较，S8When you consider that equals a quarter of the world catch, you begin to see the size of the problem.看要点的时候我们一定要分析前后两句，看看他们之间的关系，是否缺少了什么，而缺少的可能就是我们所需要填写的。这里通过前面一句知道捕捞某种鱼会导致其他海洋生命的死亡，并且给出了数字说明，后后面一句则拿prawns来举例，大家可以想想，这种情况是好还是坏？In some parts of the world, for every kilogram of prawns caught up to 15 kilograms of unsuspecting fish and other marine wildlife die, simply for being in the wrong place at the wrong time.True, S9 some countries are beginning to deal with this problem, but its vital we find rational ways of fishing, 针对出现的情况我们要做什么？注意true,的确，一般还会有转折通过后面的before 的内容，肯定是要求我们想出办法来解决这个问题，before every ocean becomes a dead sea.S10It would make a sense to give the fish enough time to recover, grow to full size and reproduce, 注意这里的then后面的动作是捕捞鱼，那意味着前面的对鱼的动作肯定是不捞，不捕捞，能做什么呢？而且通过前面的句子可以知道这是想出来避免鱼被过度捕捞的方法，then catch them in a way that doesnt kill other innocent sea life.最后再强调一下，大家要学会充分利用放Direction的时间，这个时候可以用来分析选项，对将要听到的内容进行一些猜测和分析；另外在每道题目之间有约20秒钟的间隔，希望也能充分运用，来分析下一道题目的选项。六级听写概况：听写共考十一题。八个单词和三个句子。每个单词得分为0.5%，每个句子得分2%.听写一共播读三遍，其中第二遍时，每个句子读完，会出现一分钟的停顿。六级听写能力概述：听写，顾名思义，既听又写，它渗透在各种形式的语言活动中，是最常用到的基本功之一。听写测试要求考生把听到的内容准确无误地以笔头的形式表达出来，虽无需考生自己遣词造句，但由于牵涉到语言（听力?单词拼写?篇章结构等）与非语言能力（如记忆力?速记等）提高听写能力，关键就是加强各种相关知识和技能的训练。1. 语言知识方面：首先，必须提高听力水平，熟悉英、美国家人士的说话发音的不同方式，语音语调;其次对于大纲中所列单词和短语，不仅要认知，而且会熟练拼写;这一点相当重要，很多同学在正式考试当中听出来了单词并准确定位出来意思，但是由于拼写不过关导致遗憾丢分。另外，即便拼写正确，又因为单复数、时态和大小写而丢分也很多见。2. 非语言能力方面：在做听写填空的时候，我们应当有意识的加强我们的记忆和速记能力。有时候，同学们会发现：听的内容都懂了，但由于记忆的问题或时间的问题没写下来，这是因为短时记忆力（short term memory）不够。因此在平时的训练中，应当有意识地不是以单个的词而是以意群为单位进行理解和记忆。第一遍先试图听明白注意意思，第二遍写出重点单词或者句子，第三遍完成整个练习。在短暂的停顿空间，如果时间来不及，可以选用自己熟悉的缩写形式或符号记录，等以后有时间时再复原。这种速记能力也要靠平时的多练，才能获得。六级听写的步骤：1.通过卷面文字捕捉信息，找出线索、了解大意“复合式听写”材料多为说明文（Exposition），这一体裁的文章主题突出，条理分明，层次清楚、语言简洁、逻辑性强。文章的开头或段首多半有主题句（topicsentence），之后的段、句进一步具体扩展、说明或论证主题句。仔细看题之后，经常能够发现空缺处的词汇能够通过逻辑能力被猜出具体内容，至少也可以知道词性。2，听写结合，双管齐下根据“复合式听写”新题型通知说明，第一遍是全文朗读，要求考生注意听懂全文内容。由于听音前考生已测览了卷面文字，对听力材料有了大致的了解，因此听读第一遍时，考生可以适当地填写些单词（后面三个空）和做些笔记，听为主，记为辅。第二遍时使出全力。最后一遍自习弥补。在写句子时，不要慌张，可以在每一遍时把句子的不同部分写出，采取各个击破的策略。3.提高记录的效率首先，可使用缩略语。例如usually在记录时只写usu.Country 记录为ctr等。其次，重点把握名词和动词，修饰成分（形容词和副词）没有写出，一般扣分不多。4.书面表达内容要点要点尽可能用完整的简单句表达，不宜用短语，句式也不宜过于复杂。尽量省去语句中可有可无的修饰成份。总而言之，考生应用有限的词语简洁明了地概括出所听内容的全部要点，使内容要点和语言表达达到有机的完美统一。5.检查、核对内容要点完成后，一定勿忘检查：单复数、时态、大单就长对话而言，长对话作为六级听力改革后的新题型体现了命题组对于考试改革的诉求强调在实际环境中的语言运用能力。涉及到的对话场景内容非常广泛，从校园生活到生活中的各种场景。学生可以通过抓住“信号词” 来判断具体场景。经常涉及到的场景有：旅游（飞机，机场，出行准备等），校园，工作面试，访谈等。小写以及标点符号。例题：2008年12月第一篇长对话22.A. Organizing protests C. Acting as its spokesman. B. Recruiting members D. Saving endangered animals.23. A. Anti-animal-abuse demonstrations B. Anti-nuclear campaigns C. Surveying the Atlantic Ocean floor D. Removing industrial waste.24.A. By harassing