冠词精讲精练.doc

冠词精讲精练一、考点概述：I. 冠词的定义冠词是一种虚词,没有词义,没有数和格的变化,不能单独使用,只能帮助名词或起名词作用的其它词类说明其意义.II.冠词的种类冠词分为定冠词和不定冠词两大类.定冠词特指一特定名词,不定冠词泛指一般普通名词.二、考点聚焦：1. 不定冠词的用法:(1)用于有或没有形容词修饰的抽象名词前:a good understanding of ; a population of ; a history of;a collection of ; an area of ; a distance of, a length of(2)用于形容词修饰的“一日三餐”前：a light breakfast; a big dinner; a quick lunch (3)在有或没有形容词修饰的季节、日期前，泛指：The accident happened on a Sunday in July.It was a very cold April.(4) 指不具体的任何物：A Mr. called you just now.(5)相当于per “每一” 的意思：His income is one thousand yuan a month.(6)用于有good/great many修饰的名词复数前：He visited the Great Wall a good many times.(7)用于形式为复数，但意义仍为单数的名词前：Reading is a means of learning.(8)用于与动词同型的名词前：Lets have a walk and a talk at the same time.(9) 在and连接的两个名词前，用一个a(n)和用两个意义不同：He went to see a teacher and (a) writer.(10) 与 of 连用， 表示“同一的”、“相同的”：of a kind 同一种; of an age 同岁 ；of a size 大小相同(11)在固定词组中：A few, a little , a lot of, a bit, a couple of, all of a sudden,As a matter of fact, in a hurry , in a word, have a good time, do sb. a favor, pay a visit to, as a rule, as a whole, in a day or two, in a way, have a word with sb., make a living, take a bath, a great deal of, have a cold(fever, headache), many a student 2.定冠词的用法:（1）使用定冠词的一般情况。特指或第二次提到。序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前。用于表示发明物的单数名词前或某些专有名词前。（2）定冠词使用特殊的场合。 He hit him in the face.beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head the rich, the poor, the wounded 富人，穷人，伤员 the elder of the two, he more beautiful of the two两者中较年长的一位，较漂亮的一个 The sooner, the better.越快越好。 He got paid by the hour.他是按小时付工钱的。by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year但：by weight按重量 in the 50s /in the 1870s（表示年代） the Smiths/the Whites（表示一家人或夫妇俩） in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/rain tell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home 当抽象名词表示某一特定内容，特别是当它有一限定性修饰语时，它与定冠词连用：She is fond of music.He is playing the music written by Beethoven.Good advice is beyond price.Im sorry not to have taken the advice he gave.3.不定冠词常用的几种情况（1）表示“一”相当于“one”。Ill return in a day or two.（2）表示“每”相当于“per”。We have three meals a day.（3）表示“同一性”相当于“the same”。The children are of an age. （4）表示类指，表示“某类”。He wants to he a doctor.（5）表示泛指，相当于“any”。A horse is a useful animal.（6）表示某一个，相当于“a certain”。A Mr. Smith is asking to see you. （7）与抽象名词连用，可以表示“一场、一次、一件”，如：a pleasure一件乐事，a surprise一件令人惊讶的事，a joy一件高兴的事，a pity一件遗憾的事，an honour一个（件）经以为荣的人(事)。（8）与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵、一份”。What a heavy rain!What a good supper!Please give me a black coffee!3.不用冠词的情况（1）专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。China , America, SmithAir is matter.（2）可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。This dictionary is mine.（3）季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。March, May Day, National Day, Childrens Day, Womens Day Have you had supper?Spring is the best season of the year.（4）称呼语或指家用雇用的nurse、cook等名词前及表示头衔职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时，一般不加冠词。Whats this, Father? We made him our chairman.Ask nurse to put the child to bed. Professor Li.（5）学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。Do you study physics?He likes playing football/chess.（6）复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。They are peasants/ workers.（7）在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。by car, by bus,by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land但：take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/ bus需注意。（8）某些固定词组中不用冠词。名词词组中： husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork介词词组中：to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to,at, from)university（college）,to（in, into, from）church, to(in,into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town,at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot注意：在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同。in hospital 住院（因病） in the hospital在医院（工作、参观等） in front of在前面，指某物体之外in the front of在前部，指某物之内in charge负责，主管 out of question没问题in the charge由负责 out of the question不可能（9）as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词不带冠词。Child as she is, she knows a lot of French.（10）系动词turn（作“变成”解）后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。The young girl has turned writer.= The young girl has become a writer.（11）在单数名词 + after + 同一单数名词（表示“一个接一个”）结构中，单数可数名词前不加冠词。She did experiment after experiment.类似的还有：shop after shop, mistake after mistake（12）形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。“most + 形容词原级”作“十分、非常、极”解时，前面不用定冠词。Oh, its most beautiful.当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.当形容词最高级作表语，不表示与其他人或物相比时，其前不用定冠词。The market in the country is busiest in winter.形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，不能用定冠词。A wolf in a sheeps skin is our most dangerous enemy.序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第”之意，但在second、third等词前加不定冠词表示“又一，再一”之意。why you took a second arrow注意：下句中“a first”表示“第一名、冠军”。He is a top student in our class, he often gets a first in maths.（13）no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后面的名词不用冠词。No such thing has ever happened in this village.（14）never、ever置于作主语的名词前，这些名词前不用冠词。Never did student study so hard.这个学生从未学得这么认真。（15）有时为了节省空间、时间、金钱和精力，或为了引起注意力，省去a(n)或the,这主要用于新闻标题、工商业文件、广告、电报、公告、提纲、书名等。Conference opens.会议召开了。三、考点精华：1.不定冠词常用的几种情况（1）表示“一”相当于“one”。Ill return in a day or two.（2）表示“每”相当于“per”。We have three meals a day.（3）表示“同一性”相当于“the same”。The children are of an age. （4）表示类指，表示“某类”。He wants to he a doctor.（5）表示泛指，相当于“any”。A horse is a useful animal.（6）表示某一个，相当于“a certain”。A Mr. Smith is asking to see you. （7）与抽象名词连用，可以表示“一场、一次、一件”，如：a pleasure一件乐事，a surprise一件令人惊讶的事，a joy一件高兴的事，a pity一件遗憾的事，an honour一个（件）经以为荣的人(事)。（8）与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵、一份”。What a heavy rain!What a good supper!Please give me a black coffee!2.冠词表类别的常见方式（1）定冠词 + 单数可数名词，表示一个，代表一类。The computer was invented in 1945.The TV set was invented by Joan Baird.The horse is a useful animal.（2）不定冠词 + 单数可数名词（表示任意一个，某一个）。A pen is a tool for writing.A square has four sides.A horse is a useful animal.注意：man, woman表示泛指时，不用冠词，且常用单数。如：Man is fighting a battle against pollution.Man tries to be the protector of woman.（3）可数名词或不可数名词，指类别（考虑到同类中的各个情况）。Horses are useful animals.Rice is a kind of food.3.冠词位置问题（1）不定冠词 + 副词 + 形容词 + 名词。This is a very interesting story.（2）such、what、both、all、quite、rather +不定冠词+形容词+名词。Ive never seen such a film!Half a pound of pork,please!What a good idea it is!（3）as、so、too、how、however、enough+形容词+不定冠词+名词。It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.I cant finish the task in so short a time.This seems not too long a distance.We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out.However low te price you paid,you waste your money.He is brave enough a hunter to kill the bear.（4）定冠词位置。half、twice、three times + the + 名词He paid twice the price for it.Their house is three times the size of yours.all、both、double + the + 名词Both the blind men were mistaken.All the students in our class are eager to know the secret.I offered him double the amount, but he still refused.强化练习1.(08全国8)Its not good idea to drive for four hours without break.A. a; a B. the; aC. the; theD. a; the答案 A解析 本题考查冠词。句意为：开车四个小时而不休息不是一个好主意。第一空“一个好主意”是泛指；without a break是习惯用法，break也是泛指。2.(08江西30)I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.It is not your fault. With rush-hour traffic and heavy rain， it is no wonder you were late.A. a; a B. the; the C./; / D./; a答案 B解析 句意为：开会来晚了我非常抱歉。这不是你的错，这正是上下班的高峰期而且又下了大雨，难怪你来晚了。第一个空特指高峰时间拥挤的交通；第二个空特指双方所指的大雨。3.(08湖南22) Have you heard news? The price of petrol is going up again!A. the; theB./;theC. the; /D./;/答案 C解析 句意为：你听说这消息了吗？油价又上涨了！第一空特指下文的消息，应用定冠词the；第二空后的petrol为泛指，且是不可数名词，故不用冠词。4.(08陕西10) I ate sandwich while I was waiting for 20:08 train. A. the; a B. the; the C. a; the D. a; a答案 C解析 sandwich是可数名词，且在句中首次出现，表示泛指，其前须加不定冠词；而“二十点零八分的火车”是特指的惟一的概念，故其前须加定冠词the。5.(08四川8)In the United States，there is always flow of people to areas of country where more jobs can be found.A. a; theB. the; aC. the; theD. a; a答案 A解析 句意为：在美国，总有人不断地涌入乡村地区，在那里可以找到更多的工作。a flow of表示“大量涌入（某地）”；the country/countryside表示“乡村”，与定冠词the连用。6.(08重庆27) In many places in China，_bicycle is still popular means of transportation.A. a; theB./;aC. the; aD. the; the答案 C解析 the+名词表一类，后面用a修饰，指一种的方式。7.(08浙江2) _ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head.A. An; the B. The; the C. An;/ D. The;/答案 A解析 第一个空指一个苹果，是泛指；第二个空考查hit sb. in/on the+部位，表示“击打某人的某个部位”。8.(08浙江15) Dogs have a very good _ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.A. sense B. view C. means D. idea答案 A解析 a sense of smell嗅觉。句意为：狗嗅觉灵敏，经常被用来搜寻地震中的幸存者。9.(08辽宁24) My neighbor asked me to go for _ walk，but I dont think Ive got _ energy.A. a;/B. the; theC. /;theD. a; the答案 D解析 句意为：我的邻居叫我去散步，但我认为我没有（那样的）力气。第一个空go for a walk为固定短语；第二个空特指散步用的力气。10.(08山东21) We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across continent.A. the; theB./;theC. the; /D./;/答案 B解析 by sea经海路，by the sea在海边；表示大陆、大洋等的名词前通常加定冠词the。11.(08江苏21) Students should be encouraged to use Internet as resource.A./aB./;theC. the; theD. the; a答案 D解析 the Internet因特网，为固定搭配；as a resource“作为一种资源”，此处用a表示泛指。12. (09北京33) The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a 答案 D13. (09江西25) Some people fear that _air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world. A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a 答案 A 解析 考查冠词用法。Air pollution 是抽象名词这里是泛指，weather 这里是特指全球的气候，根据the weather around the world 可知。14. (09海南22) Lets go to cinema-thatll take your mind off the problem for whileA. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a ; a答案 B 解析 考查冠词的用法go to the cinema 表示具体的某地，for a while 固定搭配，表示“一会儿”。15. (09陕西6) What pity that you couldnt be there to receive prize!A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the答案 C 解析 考查冠词。第一空所填冠词与上下文构成固定句型what a pity that，用不定冠词a；第二空后名词表示表特指，用定冠词the，选C。16. (09四川14) In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the 答案 B 解析 考查冠词的用法。该题的意思是：为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。第一空表示泛指；第二空用a +序数词+名词表示又一，再一。 17(09浙江2) I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan.A. the; a B. 不填; theC. the; 不填D. a; the答案 D18. (09重庆26) Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become popular name.A. a; the B. /; a C. /; the D. the; a 答案 B19. (09全国14) What I need is book that contains ABC of oil painting. A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the 答案 D20. (09安徽21) We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the 答案 A21Could you tell me the way to Johnsons，please?Sorry，we dont have Johnson here in the village.A. the；theB. the; aC./；theD. the；/22.(07北京22) I looked under bed and found book I lost last week.A. the; aB. the; theC./; theD. the; /答案 B解析 bed为特指，指双方都知道的那张床;故用定冠词the; book后有定语从句I lost last week，故也为特指“上周丢的那本书”。23.(07天津3) I wanted to catch early train，but couldnt get ride to the station.A. an；theB./;theC. an;/D. the; a 答案 D解析 句意为：我想赶上早班火车，但没赶上去车站的车。第一空有形容词early修饰，应为特指；第二空泛指去车站的车。24.(07江西26) Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise.A. a; /B. the; aC. the; theD./;a答案 A解析 diet可作可数名词，go on a diet为固定搭配“节食;吃健康的食品”;make room for为留机会或余地，其中room为不可数名词。25.(07湖南23) Polar bears live mostly on sea ice，which they use as platform for hunting seals.A. a; aB. a; theC./;aD. the; /答案 C解析 sea ice为物质名词，因此其前不加冠词;platform讲台;平台，为可数名词，在此为泛指“一种平台”。26.(07四川22) How about taking short break? I want to make call. A. the; aB. a; theC. the; theD. a; a答案 D解析 have/take a break休息一下，为固定短语。make a call打电话，是习惯用法。27.(07重庆24) George couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson，but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church. A./;theB. the; /C. a; /D./;a答案 C解析 a Sunday某个星期天;at church做礼拜，为固定短语。句意为：但他确定那是个周日，因为大家都在做礼拜。28.(07浙江4) I like color of your skirt. It is good match for your blouse. A. a; theB. a; aC. the; aD. the; the答案 C解析 本题考查冠词。“你裙子的颜色”是特指，应用the;“与你的衬衣是很好的搭配”表泛指用a。29.(07福建22) How about Christmas evening party?I should say it was success.A. a; aB. the; aC. a; /D. the; /答案 B解析 Christmas evening party特指双方都知道的圣诞晚会，是特指;而success前加a，表示成功的人或事，是将抽象名词具体化了。30.(07辽宁21) Christmas is special holiday when whole family are supposed to get together. A. the; theB. a; aC. the; aD. a; the答案 D解析 第一个空白处填a表示“类别”；the whole family特指“一家人”。31.(07江西26) Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise.A. a; /B. the; a C. the; theD./; a 答案 A解析 分析句子可知，第一个空用a表示“一种”，某些不可数的抽象名词前用a/an表示某种具体的情况或概念。如：a great pleasure。第二个空不用冠词，make room腾出空间/时间，room在此为不可数名词，意为“时间”。32.(07山东21) walk is expected to last all day，so bring packed lunch. A. A; aB. The; /C. The; aD. A; /答案 C解析 第一个空格处表特指，即预料到这次步行要花费一整天的时间，所以就带了一份盒饭作为午饭。表示一日三餐的名词前通常不加冠词，但当与形容词连用时，则需要加不定冠词。33.(06全国30) Hello，could I speak to Mr. Smith?Sorry，wrong number. There isnt Mr. Smith here.A. /B. aC. theD. one答案 B解析 此题考查冠词的用法。句意为：您好，我可以与史密斯先生讲话吗？对不起，您拨错号码了，此处没有一位叫史密斯的先生。故此处泛指“任何一个叫史密斯的人”，one用来强调数量，不合要求，故答案为B项。34.(06全国19) I know you dont like music very much. But what do you think of music in the film we saw yesterday?A. /; /B. the; theC. the; /D. /; the答案 D解析 在第一空中，music是不可数名词为泛指，因此不用任何冠词;第二空特指我们看的电影中的音乐，因此加the。35.(06辽宁21) Of all reasons for my decision to become a university professor，my fathers advice was most important one.A. the; aB. /; aC. /; theD. the; the答案 D解析 成为大学教授的原因，为有所指，因此第一空为定冠词。第二空因为有第一空的范围of all the reasons，故第二空为最高级，填定冠词。36.(06湖南22)In review of 44 studies，American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of heart disease by 76%.A. a; theB. the; aC. a; /D. /; a答案 C解析 review是可数名词，表示泛指要用不定冠词a。heart disease心脏病，前面不加冠词。37.(06重庆25)Everywhere man has cut down forests in order to grow crops，or to use wood as fuelor as building material.A. the; theB. the; /C. /; theD. /; /答案 C解析 本题考查冠词的用法。第一空为可数名词表类别，有三种形式，一是可数名词单数前加不定冠词，二是可数名词单数前加定冠词，三是用可数名词复数不加冠词。第二空指砍下的木材、材料，因此应加定冠词。38.(06山东21) For him stage is just means of making a living. A. a; aB. the; aC. the; theD. a; the答案 B解析 stage在该句中表示“从艺”，是一个抽象概念，其前不可加不定冠词；means为单复数同形的名词，由句意可知此处应表示“一种方式”，用a means of。39.(06陕西15) According to World Health Organization，health care plans are needed in all big cities