全国2009年7月自考英语科技文选试题.doc

自考及各类其他考试历年试题免费免注册下载 超过2万套word文档试题和答案做试题,没答案?上自考365,网校名师为你详细解答!全国2009年7月自考英语科技文选试题课程代码：00836PART A: VOCABULARYI. Directions: Add the affix to each word according to the given Chinese, makingchanges when necessary. (8 %)1.accelerate加速装置 1._2.contrast对比的 2._3.alternance可选择的3._4.compass包含4._5.compare可比的5._6.bewilder迷惑不解(名词)6._7.attractive诱引剂7._8.different区分8._II. Directions：Fill in the blanks，each using one of the given words or phrases below in its prope form.(12)stem fromin additionat randompile ofin contrastbump intoin the event ofin all probabilitybear outwithin reach ofones reachbe associated withtake ones place9.I_ an old friend of mine at the gas station.10.The new work of his will_ among the most important paintings of this century.11.Dependence on alcohol often_ unhappiness in the home.12.He asked his sister to look after his children_ his death.13.Ive no idea where last Saturdays newspaper is；_，it might have been thrown away.14.The facts dont_your fears.15.Isabelle placed a wine cup on the table_.16.The first thing the secretary does is to sort out the_ documents and letters on his desk.17.The lottery numbers are chosen_.18.His bad behavior_ his difficult childhood.19.It is hot in the day time，but_its very cold at night.20.I need your help._ ，I need her support.Directions：Fill in each blank with a suitable word given below.(10)massive likely whether Galaxy long hits from off was Milky The cloud, called Smiths Cloud，after the astronomer who discovered it in 1963，contains enough hydrogen to make a million stars like the Sun. Eleven thousand light-years _21_ and 2,500light-years wide，it is only 8,000 light-years_22_our Galaxys disk. It is rushing toward our _23_ at more than 150 miles per second，aimed to strike the Milky Ways disk at an angle of about 45degrees.This is most _24_ a gas cloud left over from the formation of the Milky Way or gas stripped from a neighbor galaxy. When it _25_，it could set off a tremendous burst of star formation. Many of those stars will be very _26_. Over a few million years，itll look like a celestial New Years celebration，with huge firecrackers going _27_in that region of the Galaxy, Lockman said. When Smiths Cloud _28_ first discovered，and for decades after, the available images did not have enough detail to show _29_ the cloud was part of the Milky Way，somethingbeing blown out of the _30_ Way，or something falling in.PART B：TRANSLATION. Directions：Translate the following sentences into English，each using one of the given words or phrases below. (10)attribute customary subject reminiscent of come into its own31.你的讲述让我想起十年前的一次经历。32.他们把动物作为实验对象。33.直到20世纪中叶心理学才真正得到应有的重视。34.星期六晚上外出就餐是我们家的习惯。35.这幅未署名的画被误认为是张大千的作品。V. Directions：Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.(15)36. Cyberspace，of course，is bigger than a telephone call. It encompasses the millions ofpersonal computers connected by modemsvia the telephone systemto commercial online services，as well as the millions more with high-speed links to local area networks，office Email systems and the Internet. It includes the rapidly expanding wireless services: microwave towers that carry great quantities of cellular phone and data traffic；communications satellites strung like beads in geosynchronous orbit；low-flying satellites that will soon crisscross the globe like angry bees，connecting folks too far-flung or too much on the go to be tethered by wires. Someday even our television sets may be part of cyberspace，transformed into interactive “teleputers” by so-called full-service networks like the ones several cable-TV companies (including Time Warner) are building along the old cable lines，using fiber optics and high-speed switches.PART C：READING COMPREHENSION.Directions：Read through the following passages. Choose the best answer and put the letter in the b racket.(20)(A)MIT scientists have cooled a sodium gas to the lowest temperature ever recorded only half-a-billionth of a degree above absolute zero.To go below one nanokelvin is a little like running a mile under four minutes for the first time, said Nobel laureate Wolfgang Ketterle, co-leader of the team.Ultra-low temperature gases could lead to vast improvements in precision measurements by allowing better atomic clocks and sensors for gravity and rotation, said David E. Pritchard, a pioneer in atom optics and atom interferometry and co-leader of the MIT group.The researchers also expect new phenomena to occur at such low temperatures involving, for example, how cold atoms interact with surfaces and how atoms move when they are confined to a narrow channel or layer. These gases form a remarkable state of matter called a quantum fluid, so studying their properties also provides new insights into the basic physics of matter.At absolute zero (-273 degrees C or -460 degrees F), all atomic motion comes to a standstill since the cooling process has extracted all the particles energy. By improving cooling methods, scientists have succeeded in getting closer and closer to absolute zero. At room temperature, atoms move at the speed of a jet airplane. At the new record-low temperature, atoms are a million times slower-it takes them half a minute to move one inch.In 1995, a group at the University of Colorado at Boulder and an MIT group led by Ketterle cooled atomic gases to below one microkelvin (one-millionth of a degree above absolute zero). In doing so they discovered a new form of matter, the Bose-Einstein condensate, where the particles march in lockstep instead of flitting around independently. The discovery of Bose-Einstein condensates was recognized with the 2001 Nobel Prize in physics, which Ketterle shared with his Boulder colleagues Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman.Since this breakthrough, many groups worldwide now routinely reach nanokelvin temperatures; the lowest temperature reported before now was 3 nanokelvin. The new record set by the MIT group is 500 picokelvin, or six times lower.At such low temperatures, atoms cannot be kept in physical containers, because they would stick to the walls. Furthermore, no known container can be cooled to such temperatures. Therefore, the atoms are surrounded by magnets, which keep the gaseous cloud confined. In an ordinary container, particles bounce off the walls. In our container, atoms are repelled by magnetic fields, explained physics graduate student Aaron Leanhardt.37. Which of the following do the researchers hope to know at the new record-low temperature? ( ) A. How to improve precision in measurement. B. How to form a quantum fluid. C. How atoms interact with each other. D. How atoms move in a narrow channel.38. In the ultra-low temperature gas, atoms move _. ( ) A. as fast as a plane B. as if running a mile under four minutes C. at speed of half a minute D. one inch for 30 seconds39. The 2001 Nobel Prize in physics was attributed to _. ( ) A. the efforts made by MIT scientists B. the efforts made by the scientists at the University of Colorado C. the discovery of the Bose-Einstein condensate D. improvements in precision measurements40. According to this passage, the lowest temperature reported so far is _ . ( ) A. three nanokelvin B. half-a-billionth of a degree above absolute zero C. one microkelvin D. one nanokelvin41. Which of the following is NOT true according to the last paragraph? ( ) A. At nanokelvin temperatures, particles bounce off the walls in an ordinary container. B. At nanokelvin temperatures, atoms cannot be kept in an ordinary container. C. There has never been a container that can be cooled to nanokelvin temperatures. D. At nanokelvin temperatures, the magnetic force pushes the atoms away from each other.(B)Modern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new ways of using old materials. For the artist this means wider opportunities. There is no doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a mans work. Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture. Transparent plastic materials allow one to look through an object, to see itsvast sides superimposed on each other (as in Cubism or in an X-ray). Today, welding is as prevalent as casting was in the past. This new method encourages open designs, where surrounding and intervening space becomes as important as form itself.More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modern artists, but no less influential, are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers, discoveries that have infiltrated recent art, especially Surrealism. The Surrealists, in their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life, claimed that dreams were the only hope. Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious, they banished all time barriers and moral judgments to combine disconnected dream experiences from the past, present and intervening psychological states. The Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping forms. Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences. For them, obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional messages of Expressionism. They did not need to smash paint and canvas; they went beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought.There is doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary life. In a period when science has made revolutionary strides, artists in their studios have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories. But this has rarely been a one-way street. Painters and sculptors, though admittedly influenced by modern science, have also molded and changed our world. If break-up has been a vital part of their expression, it has not always been a symbol of destruction; quite the contrary; it has been used to examine more fully, to penetrate more deeply, to analyze more thoroughly, to change, isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of life that earlier we were apt to neglect. In addition, it sometimes provides rich multiple experiences so organized as not merely to reflect our world, but in fact to interpret it.42. It can be learned from the passage that artistic creations_.( ) A. can be seen as the reflections, of the material world B. seem to be incapable of escaping material advances C. are said to have made great strides scientifically D. appear to be the reproductions of modern technology43. The inventions of new materials and welding techniques_.( ) A. are responsible for most of the changes in sculpture arts B. enable sculptors to superimpose multiple sides of their designs C. permit details of an object to be magnified and seen clearly D. provoke artists to make themselves adaptable to the surroundings44. According to the passage, Freuds studies_.( ) A. are less comprehensible than most scientific inventions B. are more controversial than any other scientific findings C. have imposed much interference upon contemporary arts D. have found their expression in the Surrealisms claims45. The Surrealists made every effort _ .( ) A. to transform real existence into incoherent dreams B. to diminish all time barriers and moral judgments C. to express their disconnected subconscious thoughts D. to substitute direct expressions for fragmented images46. The passage supports which of the following conclusions?( ) A. Contemporary art has been nourished by modern science. B. The impacts of modern art and science are actually mutual. C. Destruction or break-up has been typical of modern art. D. The arts analysis of our world seems deeper than sciences.Directions: Read the following passage, and then fulfill the task with the information based on the passage. (10%)More accurate navigational aids such as gyroscopes, next-generation sensors including magnetic and gravitational sensors and clocks - will all get a boost from the research from the latest physics Nobel Prize winners, who have been supported for years .by the Office of Naval Research.Eric Cornell, Carl Wieman and Wolfgang Ketterle were honored for their creation of Bose-Einstein Condensates (BEC) in gases of atomic rubidium and sodium. Their scientific advances built on the work of Albert Einstein who did the math to show that when cooled, particles called bosons would stop flitting around and settle into a share