副词构成法.doc

副词构成法1有些副词为简单副词（不带词尾）：often，out，quite，soon，home，back，there，thus，seldom，ever2有些副词，特别是地点副词及时间副词，常常以加词尾的方式构成：-ly（=every）：yearly，monthly，daily，fortnightly -ward（s）（=toward）：backward（s），leftward（s），upward（s），homeward（s），eastward（s），onward（s），inward（s）-wise，-ways：lengthwise，clockwise，likewise，otherwise；always，lengthways，sideways-long：headlong-ling（s）：sideling（s）-s：upstairs，outdoors，sometimes，nowadays，needs或在一些单音节词前加词头或其他简单字：a-：along，away，abroad，apart，aside，adraft，aloud，ashore，across，abovebe-：before，below，beneath，besides介词：inside，overboard，uphill，beforehand，todaythere-：therein（=in that），thereafter，thereby，thereof，therewith，ect（陈旧用法）here-：herein（=in this），hereafter，hereby，hereof，herewith，etc（陈旧用法）where-：wherein（=in what or which），whereon，whereby，whereof，wherewith，ect（陈旧用法）3绝大多数副词都由形容词以下述3种方式构成：a大多数方式副词，都在形容词后加-ly构成。注意拼法：形容词 副词 形容词 副词glad gladly mournful mournfullyhappy happily heavy heavilyjolly jollily silly sillilyshy shyly dry drylydue duly true trulyable ably probable probablydull dully full fullyvile vilely sole solelydespotic despotically idiomatic idiomaticallypublic publicly（例外情况）ill-natured ill-naturedly kind-hearted kind-heartedlyprovoking provokingly charming charminglyfaltering falteringly lingering lingeringly （书面语）mistaken mistakenly hidden hiddenlymarked markedly undisguised undisguisedly （书面语）但是：friendly（形容词）in a friendly way；manly（形容词）in a manly manner；kingly（形容词）in akingly manner和形容词一样，以-ingly或-edly结尾的副词，也有激起感情及感受情绪的差别，但用得比较少，如：激起情绪 感受情绪He speaks amusingly We listen amusedlyThe flowers bloom delightfully We watch them deligtedlyHe behaves disgustingly We left disgustedlyThe fight goes on excitingly We look on excitedlyb有少数副词和形容词形式相同：He came in the late afternoon（形容词）He arrived late（副词）He has waited for a long time（形容词）He has waited so long（副词）另一些与形容词同形的副词有：early，fast，far，near，well，ill，high，low，much，lit-tle，only，enough，hard，straight，right，wrong，left，east，west在口语中有些形容词直接用作副词：It is mighty goodI am dead tiredThe soup is precious hotHe is terrible rudec有些单音节形容词有两个副词形式，一个带-ly，一个不带，意思不相同：We must buy cheap（=at a low price）We got offcheaply（=easily）He lives high（=luxuriously）He spoke highly（=well）of meHe came nearHe nearly（=almost）diedHe played foulHe was foully murderedI love Mary mostThey are mostly crazy4有少数副词与指示代词同形：He has some（=about）fifty poundsIt something（=somewhat）astonished meI care nothing（=not at all）for your threatCan you wait any（=in any way）mo