动词及时态与语态.doc

动词及时态与语态时态考点归纳1现在完成时1、 1、始于过去持续到现在：for, since, ever since, so far, up till now,all this year, all my lifein / during the last /past + 时间段 recently, lately,2、过去某个时间发生，与现在有联系：ever，already, never,yet,before3、终止性动词可用完成时，不能和for, how long 等连用。4、特殊结构 This is the first (most / only ) + n. + that-clause Its + 时间段+ since-clause (从句用过去时） 【考例】. My brother is an actor. He _in several film so far.A. appearsB. appearedC. has appearedD. is appearing2过去完成时、过去发生的两个动作，先发生的用过去完成时 2、过去某时以前发生的动作或情况 3、常用过去完成时的情况No soonerthan. Hardlywhen expect, hope, think, want, suppose等动词的过去完成时（或一般时）表示想做而未做的事【考例】. Got your driving license?No. I _ too busy to have enough practice, so I didnt take the driving test last week.A. was B. am C. have been D. had been3一般现在时1、所有或任何时候都发生的动作或情况2、永恒的真理 3、 在条件或时间状语从句中讨论计划和时间表或日程表时 【考例】. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called4一般过去时1、过去已经完成的动作、结束的事情，或在过去重复发生的动作2、used to :表示过去的习惯，现在不存在3、用在its time, would rather, wish后面的从句中4、在从句中用来说明现在还存在着“过去”的情况5、could, might, would, should等“过去”的情态动词可用来指现在或者将来【考例】“If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock.” “What a pity! Tina _ here to see you.”A. is B. was C. would be D. has been5现在进行时1、说话时正进行的动作或情况2、发展中的或正在改变的情况4、表示将来【考例】 Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _to ask how I am going to spend the money.A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning6过去进行时1、过去某时正发生的事情2、在一个句子里，过去进行时常与一般过去时连用，此时，进行时表示较长的正在进行的动作，而一般时表示较短暂的动作或事情3、可用while强调同时进行的两种或几种动作【考例】 Will you please repeat your idea?Certainly. But I think it certain you _ your attention.A. dont pay B. didnt pay C. werent paying D. arent paying7 将来进行时 将来某时刻正在进行的动作或发生的事【考例】Youd better not call the manager between 7 and 8 this evening, for he _ an important meeting then.A. will have B. would have C. will be having D. will have had8 现在完成进行时从过去某个时候开始一直延续到现在。强调现在依然在进行，并还可能继续延续下去【考例】Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year. A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying9一般将来时1、用will, shall 表示决定：谈及正在作出的一项决定时 威胁和允诺：第一人称用will (ll)；第二人称用shall提议和请求：用Shall I ?/Shall we?表示提议； 用Will you?表示请求I will/ We will 表示有强烈意图、提议、坚持或自愿做某事； 不能用shall 2、用 be going to 表示 已经决定要做的事情 眼前肯定会发生的事情3、用be about to do sth 表最近的将来，“正要”，“马上就要”4、用be to do sth表预定要做的事情 【考例】Joan was badly injured in the accident yesterday and she was sent to hospital.Oh, really? I_. I _ visit her.A. didnt know; will go to B. dont know; will go toC. didnt know; am going to D. havent known; am going to10 过去将来时从过去的观点来看未来，常用在宾语从句中或间接引语中【考例】Dont you feel surprised to see Bruce at the meeting?Yes. I really didnt think she _ here.A. has been B. had been C. would be D. would have been被动考点归纳结构：Be /get / become + 过去分词（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；不定式前需加to。The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long(by the boss)短语动词变被动语态。The children were taken good care of (by her).谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：People say he is a smart boy. It is said that he is a smart boy. He is said to be a smart boy.类似句型：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that （2）不能用被动语态。不及物动词或不及物动词词组。happen rise run out result from/in consist to。表示状态的谓语动词，：last、hold、contain、join、last。表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词非谓语动词不用被动语态。有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、等。（3）主动形式表被动意义。当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。These novels wont sell well.这些小说不畅销。当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。（4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。be seated坐着be hidden躲藏be lost迷路be drunk喝醉be dressed穿着真题链接1. Have you handed in your schoolwork yet? Yes, I have. I guess it _ now. A. has graded B. is graded C. is being graded D. is grading2. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I _ there several years ago. A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been 3. I dont believe youve already finished reading the book I _it to you this morning!A. would lend B. was lending C. had lent D. lent4. Judy is going to marry the sailor she _ in Rome last year. A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet5. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where_ yet. A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided 6. In recent years many football clubs _ as business to make a profit.A. have runB. have been runC. had been runD. will run7. His sister left home in 1998, and _ since. A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard of C. had not heard of D. has not heard of8.Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?Yes, since she _ the Chinese Society.A. has joinedB. joinsC. had joinedD. joined9. -What is the price of the petrol these days?-Oh, it _ sharply since last month. A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased10.I like these English songs and they _many times on the radio.A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught11. This is the first time we _ a film in the cinema together as a family. A see B had seen C saw D have seen 12. Do you think we should accept that offer?- Yes, we should, for we _such bad luck up till now, and time _ out.A. have had; is running B. had; is runningC. have; has been run D. have had; has been run13. Progress _ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be14.The unemployment rate in this district_from 6% to 5% in the past two years.Ahas fallenBhad fallen Cis fallin Dwas falling15.With the help of technology, more and more new substances _ in the past years. A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered16. Over the past decades, sea ice in the Arctic as a result of global warming.A. had decreased B. decreased C. has been decreasing D. is decreasing17. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months. A. is preparingB. was preparingC. had been preparing D. has been preparing18.We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _ each other for years.A. knewB. have knownC. have known D. know19.Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?Yes, he did. He _his old friends for a long time. A. didnt see B. wouldnt see C. hasnt seen D. hadnt seen20.Has your father returned from Africa yet?Yes, but he _ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.A. was B. has been C. will be D. would be21.He _ football regularly for many years when he was young. A. was playing B. played C. has played D. had played22. I was out of town at the time, so I dont know exactly how it _ _.A. was happening B. happened C. happens D. has happened.23. Would you please keep silent? The weather report _ _ and I want to listen.A. is broadcastB. is being broadcast C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast24. Scientists have many theories about how the universe _ _ into being.A. came B. was coming C. had come D. would come25. -Why does the Lake smell terrible? -Because large quantities of water . A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted 26 -The food here is nice enough. -My friend _ _ me a right place.A. introducesB. introduced C. had introduced D. was introducing27. When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we _ _ up, her voice had been full of life. A. were hanging B. had hung C. hung D. would hang28 - Ann is in hospital. - Oh, really? I _ know. I _ go and visit her. A. didnt; am going to B. dont; would C. dont; will D. didnt; will29. . When he _ the door, he found his keys were nowhere.A. would openB. openedC. had openedD. was to open30. The population of Jiangsu _ _ to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million. A. has grownB. have grownC. grewD. are growing31. Edward, you play so well. But I _ you played the piano. A. didnt know B. hadnt known C. dont know D. havent known32 You speak very good French!Thanks. I _ French in Sichuan University for four years.A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studied33. Have you got any job offers?No. I _.A. waitedB. had been waitingC. have waitedD. am waiting34. I got caught in the rain and my suit _. A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined35. .What do you think of the movie? Its fantastic. The only pity is that I the beginning of it.A missed B had missed C miss D would miss36. -Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? -Yes, I did. You know, my brother _ in the match. A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played37.As the years passed, many occasionsbirthdays, awards, graduations_ with Dads flowers. A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked D. had marked 38 Why dont we choose that road to sa time?The bridge to it _ _.A. has repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. will be repaired39 Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year. A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying40.John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it_seriously. Adamaged Bwas being damaged Chad damaged Dhad been damaged41.Bob would have helped us yesterday ,but he_. .A.was busy B.is busy C.had been busy D.will be busy42.Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?Yes, he did. He _ his old friends for a long time. A. didnt see B. wouldnt see C. hasnt seen D.hadnt seen43.The play had already been on for quite some time when we _ at the New Theatre. A. have arrived B. arrived C. had arrived D. arrive 44.At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _.A. has been reachedB. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached 45 .-Do you want a lift home? -Its very kind of you, but I have to work late. I overslept this morning because my alarm clock _. A. doesnt go off B. wont go off C. wasnt going off D. didnt go off 46.How can I apply for an online course? Just fill out this form and we _ what we can do fou you. A.see B.are seeing C. have seen D. will see 47.The telephone _, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped. A. had rung B. was ringing C. rings D. has rung 48.Ouch!You hurt me! I am sorry. But I_any harm. I_to drive a rat out. A.didnt mean; tried B.dont mean; am trying C.havent meant; tried D.didnt mean; wes trying49.It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. Oh,dont mentiong it.I _past your house anyway. A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come50.They_ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go. Ahad got Bgot Chave got Dget 51.When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what _ . Ahave marked B. have been marked Chad marked Dhad been marked52.-Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? -Terry? Never! She _ tents and fresh air! A. has hated B. hatedC. will hateD. hates53. My parents have promised to come to see me before I_ for Africa.A have left B leave C left D will leave 54 Whats that noise? Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _.A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested 55. My parents _ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. A. live B. lived C. were living D. will live 56.By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to doanything about it.A. walksB. walkedC. has walkedD. had walked57.No decision_about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. A. will be made B. is made C. is being made D. has been made 58.The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front _ to arrive.A. is expectedB. is expectingC. expectsD. will be expected59.No decision_about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. A. will be made B. is made C. is being made D. has been made60 Teenagers _ their health because they play computer games too much.A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D. will damage各地模考1. Miss Li_as a secretary for five years in the company ,and now she is general manager of it. A has served B had served C served D serves2 -whats the problem, sir?-you_ at least at a speed of about 100 miles per hour.A are driving B drove C were driving have been d