华慧上海交通大学2012年考博英语真题阅读理解第三篇试题及参考答案.pdf

华慧考博 考博第一品牌 华慧网 考博咨询QQ 400 622 4468 第 1 页 共 4 页 上海交通大学上海交通大学2012年考博英年考博英语语真真题题 阅读阅读理解理解试题试题及参考答案及参考答案 Three Passage Three School buildings themselves can reflect liberal or conservative views about what should go on in a classroom The earliest schools built to accommodate large numbers of children had separate classrooms for graded groups The rooms were laid out formally with pupils desks bolted to the floor in straight rows facing the teacher s desk Clearly the school itself reflected a teacher and subject centered view of education Schools of the next generation built after1940 were lighter and airier and had more open space and most had movable desks They also often provided special rooms or areas for science art music and physical education There were still separate rooms for different grade levels however and the desks still were likely to be formally arranged in straight rows That is the schoolroom was still largely designed to implement the old school program which involved grade levels uniform time blocks uniformity of instruction and absorption of subject matter Newer subjects not newer teaching methods accounted for most of what was new in school design The first school buildings specifically to facilitate liberal teaching methods began to appear in the mid 1950s Folding interior walls or no walls at all permitted the flexible use of space to encourage large group small group or individual instruction Some provided carrels for individual study areas designed for team teaching centers for programmed instruction and a language laboratory In the newest buildings called open schools the use of space is even more flexible Since so much of the space is undifferentiated areas within the buildings can be readily expanded converted to accommodate program changes and used for many kinds of functions As a reflection of a conservative or liberal attitude toward education the physical layout of a school can either facilitate or hinder conservative or liberal teaching practices But it cannot determine what those practices will be It may be difficult for a conservative teacher to operate in a physically open classroom or for liberal teacher to operate in formal classroom But it is not impossible What determines whether the classroom is liberal or conservative in terms of the education the students receive is the spirit and attitude of the teacher 51 What is the main idea of this passage A The physical layout of school buildings can reflect liberal or conservative views about education B The physical layout of a school can either facilitate or hinder 华慧考博 考博第一品牌 华慧网 考博咨询QQ 400 622 4468 第 2 页 共 4 页 conservative or liberal teaching practices C The spirit and attitude of the teachers determines whether the classroom is liberal or conservative D The development of school buildings reflects the improvement in education quality 52 What s the greatest difference between the earliest and the second generation schools A The former had separate classrooms for different grades while the latter not B Classrooms were laid out formally in the former while informally in the latter C Teaching methods are newer in the latter as compared with the former D Subjects are newer in the latter as compared with the former 53 The word carrel in paragraph 3 most probably refers to A a small room with a desk B a bookshelf with reference materials C a self study aiding tool D a computer with teaching courseware 54 According to the passage we may infer that the newest school buildings reflect A a teacher centered view of education B a student centered view of education C a subject centered view of education D a practice centered view of education 55 The author holds a n view towards the open schools in terms of how they affect teaching practices A positive B objective C doubtful D indifferent 参考答案解析参考答案解析 Passage Three 文章大意文章大意 本文主要讲述了不同的学校建筑格局反映了传统或开明的教学 理念 早期的学校按年级分教室 学生的座位面向讲台 有序排列 19 40年后 教师空间更为开阔 有可移动课桌 教室还是按年级分 课桌 还是按序排列 但是 产生了新的学科 最先促进开放的教学方法的 学校建筑出现在20世纪50年代 那时 空间可以灵活使用 有的还设 置了卡座 后来 开放式教学对空间的运用也更为灵活 建筑格局促 进或阻碍教学实践的发展 但学生接受的教育是教师的精神和态度的 体现 答案与解析答案与解析 华慧考博 考博第一品牌 华慧网 考博咨询QQ 400 622 4468 第 3 页 共 4 页 51 A 解析 大意推测题 文中提到 学校的建筑结构能反应传统 或开放的教学观念 并举例论证 选项B和C说法正确 但不 是全文的重点所在 选项D 说法错误 学校建筑的发展反 映的是教学实践的发展而不是教育质量的发展 因而 选选 项A 52 D 解析 细节判断题 定位于第2段 文中提到前者是以教师 为主体的教学 后者产生了多种学科 人不是教学方法不同 可直接选出选项D 53 A 解析 词意推测题 定位于第3段 文中提到对空间的灵活 运用 并举例说明 可知carrel应该是空间运用的一种 四个 选项中只有选项A 提到了空间运用 因而 选选项A 54 D 解析 细节判断题 可定位于最后1段 文中提到学校的结构促 进或阻碍传统或开放的教学实践 但无论是传统还是开放 学生 接受的教育是老师的精神和态度 可知选D 55 B 解析 观点判断题 综合全文 作者是对开放式学校对教学 实践的影响进行阐释 论述 并没有过多的感情色彩 全文 是从客观的角度论述事实 因而 选B 长长句句难难句剖析句剖析 1 That is the schoolroom was still largely designed to implement the old school program which involved grade levels uniform time blocks uniformity of instruction and absorption of subject matter 参考译文 那就是说 教室在很大程度上仍然是用来实现老旧的 学校计划 包括等级水平 统一的时间 单一的指导 和学科的合并 分析 句子的框架是 the schoolroom was designed to implement the old school program That is做插入语 没有实际意义 Which引导非限制性定语从句 定语从句 中是各个短语做成的并列句 uniformity of instruction 单一的指导 absorption of subject matter 学科的合并 2 Since so much of the space is undifferentiated areas within the buildings can be readily expanded converted to accommodate program changes and used for many kinds of functions 参考译文 因为众多的空间是没有差别的 在这些建筑中就可以 很容易地扩展 以适应转换程序的变化并用于多种功能 华慧考博 考博第一品牌 华慧网 考博咨询QQ 400 622 4468 第 4 页 共 4 页 分析 句子的框架是 areas can be expanded converted to accommodate program changes and used for many kinds of functions Since引导原因状语从句 within the buildings修饰areas Undifferentiated 未分化的 无差别的 一致的 3 What determin