（新课标）高考英语短文语法填空和阅读一轮选练（8）.doc

（新课标）2016高考英语短文语法填空和阅读一轮选练（8）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【全国新课标卷题型】 many people think teachers give pupils too_1_homework. they say that it is _2_(necessary) for children to work at home in their free time._3_， they argue that most teachers do not properly plan the homework tasks they give to pupils. the results are_4_pupils have to repeat tasks which they have already done at school.recently in greece many parents complained about the difficult homework_5_(give) to their children. the parents said that most of the homework was useless, and they wanted to stop it. spain and turkey are two countries which_6_(stop) homework recently. in denmark, germany and several other countries in europe, teachers cannot set homework at weekends. in holland, teachers allow pupils to stay at school to do their homework. the children are free to help one_7_. similar arrangement also exists in some british schools. most people agree that homework is not fair. a pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and comfortable room is in a much_8_(good) position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television_9_. some parents are ready to help their children with their homework. but other parents even take_10_interest at all in their childrens homework.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._6_ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._答案：1much这里是太多的家庭作业，homework是不可数名词。2unnecessary他们认为老师留的作业太多了，所以他们认为这是没有必要的。3moreover此处表示他们还认为老师们没有好好地计划作业。4thatthat引导表语从句。5given此处是given过去分词做后置定语。6stopped此处是过去时态。7anotherone another互相。8better前面有much，修饰形容词比较级。9on指电视机开着用on。10no根据意义是“不感兴趣”。广东省语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。a 100-year-old woman from new jersey has become the oldest competitor in the history of the united states bowling congress womens championships.emma hendrickson _1_(present) with a medal to celebrate her 50th appearance in the championships. she also received a gift in recognition of her status as _2_ oldest participant.the great-great-grandmother did well during team competition at the national bowling stadium.hendrickson，_3_ celebrated her 100th birthday less than a month ago, says her teammates sometimes help her line the pins (保龄球等的木瓶) up, since _4_ eyesight has weakened over the years.“i can see the ten pins _5_(clear) when they re standing，_6_ it s difficult to see _7_ pins are standing for spares，” she says.hendricksons bowling activity is supported _8_ her 27 grandchildren, great-grandchildren, and great great children.she has no plan _9_(stop) and has already signed _10_ to compete in the 2010 event.1解析此处表示她被授予奖章，故用被动语态。答案was presented2解析认为她是最老的参赛者，最高级前用定冠词。答案the3解析此处是定语从句，先行词是人，用who引导。主句的谓语动词是says。答案who4解析因为她的视力已经减弱，故填her。答案her5解析用副词修饰动词see。“当它们立在那儿时，我能够很清楚地看见有十个木瓶。”解析clearly6解析与前一分句之间是转折关系，同时又没有逗号，因此用but。答案but7解析which引导宾语从句，“但是很难看见哪些木瓶是留待第二球来打的。”spare是保龄球专业术语，指第一球并未将木瓶全部击倒，剩下的由第二球来击。答案which8解析她的行为受到了孙子、曾孙、玄孙们的支持。答案by9解析have no plan to do sth不计划做某事。答案to stop10解析sign up“签名，报名”，为固定搭配。答案up阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2014山东省青岛市高三第一次模拟考试)elderly adults who regularly drink green tea may stay more agile (敏捷的) and independent than their peers over time, according to a japanese study that covered thousands of people.green tea contains antioxidant chemicals (抗氧化化学物质) that may help stop the cell damage that can lead to disease.researchers have been studying green teas effect on everything from cholesterol (胆固醇) to the risk of certain cancers，with mixed results so far.they found those who drank the most green tea were the least likely to develop “functional disability”，or problems with daily activities or basic needs，such as dressing or bathing.specifically，almost 13 percent of adults who drank less than a cup of green tea per day became functionally disabled，compared with just over 7 percent of people who drank at least five cups a day.the study did not prove that green tea alone kept people agile as they grew older.green tea lovers generally had healthier diets，including more fish，vegetables and fruit，as well as more education，lower smoking rates，fewer heart attacks and strokes，and greater mental sharpness.they also tended to be more socially active and have more friends and family to rely on.but even with those factors accounted for，green tea itself was tied to a tower disability risk，the researchers said.people who drank at least five cups a day were onethird less likely to develop disabilities than those who had less than a cup per day.those people who averaged three or four cups a day had a 25 percent lower risk.although its not clear how green tea might offer a buffer (缓冲) against disabilities，lead researcher yasutake tomata did note that one recent study found green tea extracts (提取物) seem to increase leg muscle strength in older women.while green tea and its extracts are considered safe in small amounts，they do contain caffeine and small amounts of vitamin k，which means it could affect drugs that prevent blood clotting (凝固)6what does the underlined word “peers” mean in the first paragraph?afathers.bbrothers.cpeople of the same age.dpeople living in the same neighborhood.7what can be learned from the passage?aantioxidant chemicals can lead to disease.bthose who often drink green tea cant develop “functional disability”c“functional disability” is related to problems with daily activities or basic needs.dpeople who drink at least five cups a day are not likely to become functionally disabled.8what does the fifth paragraph mainly tell us?ahow the study was proved.bwhy green tea lovers can keep agile.cwhat healthier diets include.dhow to lower the disability risk.9what has the researcher yasutake tomata discovered?athose who drank green tea cant develop “functional disability”bgreen tea alone kept people agile as they grew older.chow green tea might offer a buffer against disabilities.dgreen tea extracts seem to increase leg muscle strength in older women.10from the passage we can infer that_.avitamin k is contained in caffeinebvitamin k is good for our bloodcvitamin k is bad for our healthdvitamin k has influence on some drugs语篇解读本文介绍了常饮绿茶对身体的种种好处及原因。1解析：词义猜测题。根据文章第一句可知，经常喝绿茶的老人比他们的同龄人更加敏捷和独立，由此可知c项正确。答案：c2解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“to develop functional disability，or problems with daily activities or basic needs”可知c项正确。答案：c3解析：段落大意题。根据第五段的第一句“the study did not prove that green tea alone kept people agile as they grew older.”及全段内容可知，本段主要讲述的是爱喝绿茶的人敏捷的原因，故b项正确。答案：b4解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“lead researcher yasutake tomata did note that one recent study found green tea extracts (提取物) seem to increase leg muscle strength in older women”可知d项正确。答案：d5解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“they do contain caffeine and small amounts of vitamin k，which means it could affect drugs that prevent blood clotting (凝固)”可知维生素k会影响一些药的治疗效果。答案：d。【四川省宜宾市李庄中学2014高考英语仿真模拟试题】in business, theres a speed difference: its the difference between how important a firms leaders say speed is to their competitive (竞争的) strategy（策略）and how fast the company actually moves. the difference is important regardless of industry and company size. companies fearful or losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.in our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track, whats more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up “improved their top and bottom lines ,averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-years period.how did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better ? they thought differently about what “slower “and “faster” mean. firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly ) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value ). simply increasing the speed of production, for example , may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference . but that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.in our study, high performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary . they became more open to idea and discussion. they encouraged new ways of thinking. and they allowed time to look and learn. by contrast (相比而言). performance suffered at firms that moved falt all the among their employer , and had little time thinking about changes.strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership . teams that regularly take time to get things right , rather than plough ahead full bore , are more successful in meeting their business goals . that kind of strategy must come from the top.47 . what does the underlined part “gain an edge ” in paragraph 2 mean ? a. increase the speed. b. get an advantage. c. reach the limit. d. set a goal48. the underlined part “the laws of business physics” in paragraph 3 means _. a. spending more time and performing worse. b. spending more time and performing better c. spending less time and performing worse d. spending less time and performing better 49. what can we learn from the text? a. how fast a firm moves depends on how big it is. b. how competitive a firm is depends on what it produces. c. firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes. d. firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.50. where could be the last title for the text? a. improve quality? serve better. b. deliver value? plough ahead. c. reduce time? move faster. d. need speed? slow down. 【参考答案】47-50 bdcd 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。【安徽省蚌埠市三县联谊校2014高考二模】for almost two months dominic york, a 23-year-old hairdresser, wandered about hospitals all night, wearing a white coat and pretending he was a doctor. yesterday he proudly claimed in court that despite his complete lack of medical experience or qualifications, he had saved several peoples lives. he had even been allowed to assist a surgeon during an emergency operation on a patient who was about to die on something she had swallowed. “i watched one of those tv dramas about a hospital and suddenly i felt like playing one of the roles myself. so i put on a white jacket and a stethoscope(听诊器)and walked around one of the biggest hospital in london. at first i just watched. once you learn how doctors talk to patients, nurses and others doctors, its easy to take people in,” he said. one of the patients he treated was laura kennan. she had been knocked down by a car and fainted. when she came to the hospital, york was standing over her. “he looked very professional. he told me his name was doctor simon. then he gave me some sort of injection,” she said. and then he suddenly cleared off when a nurse asked who he was. she didnt think there was anything wrong. “i would