LESSON_1_Nutrition 食品专业英语.doc

Lesson 1 NutritionGLOSSARYnourishment 滋养；营养get along 过活；生存functioning 功能发挥；机能活动；机体运转。文中指人体正常活动和体内代谢活动vital 生命的；生机的，维持生命所必需的intravenous feeding 静脉进食stages of life 生长阶段，如青春发育期、孕期、哺乳期等involved 涉及的；所论的；有关的。文中the individuals involved,其中involved作 后置定语用，修饰the individuals,意为有关人员currently available 目前可资利用的；普遍可以得到的。文中作后置定语，修饰the dataguidelines 准则；标准Recommended Dietary Allowances “推荐膳食标准”, 简写“RDA”。National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Food and Nutrition Board 美国科学院全国科学研究委员会食品营养研究所recommendations 推荐；建议。有时可引申为介绍信、建议方案、推荐值。本课中“be recommendation not average requirement ”可译为“是推荐量，不是平均需要量”make-up 性格；特质；体格；体质margin of safety 安全余量precursors 产物母体；前体on the other side of the coin 原意为硬币的另一面，现作为成语作另一方面解NOTES1) The person who wants to find the answer to the question “what should I eat for good nutrition? ” might easily become lost in the maze of informational corridors, confused by the wealth of technical information provided by scientists or misled by simplistic answers provided by those with products to sell.本句中who wants to find the answer to the question “what should I eat for good nutrition? ”为主语the person的定语从句，其中“what should I eat for good nutrition? ”是the question的同位语从句，说明the question，might easily become lost以及被略去might easily become以后的confused和misled是主句的三个并列谓语，其动词形式都是被动语态。2）Somewhere in between is some reasonable, commonsense information that we can use to guide us our quest for sound nutrition knowledge.本句是倒装句，主语是some reasonable, commonsense information，somewhere in between是表语。这里somewhere是副词，做表语；in between是介词短语，修饰somewhere。以thaty引导的that weknowledge为定语从句，修饰information。3）Thus, it is the nutrients that are essential and the food that normally provides them.本句有两个并列的强调句组成。一句是it is the nutrients that are essential；另一句是it is the food that normally provides them, 这句中的it is 省略了，而句中的them则指nutrients。4）They are recommendations, not average requirements, for satisfactory levels of intake of essential nutrients for population groups of average, healthy people.the 指前面提到的RDA，是本句的主语。not average requirements省略了系词are,与recommendations一起构成并列表语。healthy people意为健康的人。5）For this reason, a person who consumes a diet that provides less than the RDA for one or more essential nutrients is not necessarily getting a diet that is nutritionally inadequate.这句中that providesessential nutrients是定语从句，修饰a diet，而who consumes a diet thatessential nutrients 也是定语从句，修饰person。这复合句中的主句是a person is not necessarily getting a diet，而that is nutritionally inadequate也是定语从句，修饰diet。6) chances are good that diet is nutritionally adequate.该句中，that是连词，它引入同位语从句diet is nutritionally adequate，作为chances的同位语。因为两者之间有其他词隔开，故称为割裂式同位语从句。词汇：4maze n. 迷宫，迷津，曲径;混乱，迷惑vt.使如入迷津 使困惑，使为难 d a.迷惘的，困惑的corridor n. 走廊，回廊，通路 走廊地带 空中走廊diversity n.差异，不同 多样性，变化in between 在中间，每间隔，在期间commonsense 有常识的，明明白白的，一望而知的commonsensible (符合)常识的guideline n.指导路线，方针，准则，指标 指路绳;印样张，样行，标线interchangeable 可交换的，可交替的 可互换的interdependent 互相依赖的，互相依存nourishment 食物，滋养品 营养情况nutrient 营养的，滋养的 营养素，营养物consume vt.消费，消耗，浪费，吃光，喝光 消灭，毁灭 vi.消灭， 毁灭，消磨，(花，叶等) 枯萎(away) be d with 被所吞噬;因(忧愁，妒嫉)而变的憔悴nutrition 营养 nutritional 营养的 nutritive 营养的，滋养的，食品的，食物的odor气味 odorant 有香气的，有气味的 任何有气味的物体flavor 味，香味，风味，滋味 食用香料 食用香精 调料category n.种类，部属，类目 数范畴，类型 哲范畴carbohydrate 碳水化合物，糖类mineral 矿物质，食品中的痕量物质vitamin 维生素，维他命get along 过活，生存essential a.本质的，实质的，基本的 必需的，必不可少的 提炼的，精华的 n.常用复本质，实质 要素，要点，必需品whereby ad.(疑问副词)靠什么 (关系副词)靠那个 A device to get warmth取暖的设备metabolism 新陈代谢，代谢(作用)intravenous feeding 静脉进食 vein n.静脉，血管 性情，气质，才干，语调，风格，意向 纹理，木纹vital 生命的;生机的;维持生命所必需的optimum n.生(生长繁殖的)最适条件;最适度 a.最适的facet n. (多面体的)面，(宝石等的)刻面，小(平)面 (题目，性格，思想等的)某一方面 vt. 在上刻面intake n. 吸入，纳入，收纳 纳入(数)量 (水、气体流入沟、管的)入口 被收纳的东西 医摄取 of food食物摄取availability n.可用性，有效性，效力 可得性，可得到的东西(或人员)identify vt.使等同于，认为一致(with) 认出;识别，鉴定，验明 生确定在分类学上的位置 vi.一致，成为一致fascinate vt.迷住，使神魂颠倒，强烈地吸引住 使呆住，蛊惑 vi.迷人，极度吸引人 fascinator n.迷人者网眼毛披巾macronutrient 主要营养micronutrient 微量营养 micro- 小，微，微量，百万分之一 放大，扩大 microphone，microscopeascorbic acid 抗坏血酸 niacin 烟酸，尼克酸thiamine 硫胺素 riboflavim 核黄素VB2folacin 叶酸 (=folic acid) pantothenic acid 泛酸pyridoxine 吡哆醇，吡哆素，维生素B6 biotin 生物素macroelement 主要成分 microelement 微量成分sodium 钠 potassium 钾phosphorus 磷phosphorous 磷的，亚磷的，含磷的costly a.昂贵的，代价高的 价值高的，豪华的obstacle n.障碍(物)，妨碍pregnant a.怀孕的，怀胎的，喻孕育着的，充满的，富有的 意义深长的，含蓄的 富于想象力的，有创造力的 富于成果的，多产的lactate vi.分泌乳汁 喂奶，授乳 n.乳酸盐(或酯) calcium 乳酸钙 lactation n.genetic a. 创始的，发生的 遗传学的gene n. 基因chronic infection n.传染，侵染 传染病 影响，感染chronic a.长期的，慢性的 惯常的，经常的 剧烈的，顽固的 n.患慢性病的人abnomality n.反常，变态，不规则 反常的事物，畸形council n.政务会，理事会，委员会 商讨会，讨论会议chance n.机会 常用复可能性，或然性 偶然性，运气 a.偶然的vi.碰巧;偶然发生vt.冒险precursor n.先驱者，先锋 前辈，前任 预兆，先兆carotene n.胡萝卜素;叶红素carrot n.胡萝卜 复红头发(的人) 政治诱骗，不能兑现的允诺 carroty a.胡萝卜色的 红发的standpoint n.主场，观点English bug practical experiment: 1. 分析长句子,应先把主干(主语+谓语)找出, 然后再添加细节部分.F: The person who wants to find the answer to the question“ What should I eat for good nutrition?” might easily become lost in the maze of informational corridors, confused by the wealth of technical information provided by scientists or misled by simplistic answers provided by those with products to sell.分析: 主干=the person + become lost, confused, misled本句中who wants to find the answer to the question, “what should I eat for good nutrition ?” 为主语the person 的定语从句，其中“what should I eat for good nutrition” 其中“what should I eat for good nutrition?” 是the question . might easily become lost及被省略去might easily become 以后的confused 和misled 则是主句的三个并列形式都是被动语态。2. 从句子上下关系来理解某些单词意思.F: We can obtain all of the essential nutrients from food, however, it is possible to obtain nourishment without eating and digesting food-if, for example, the nutrients are injected directly to our veins as in intravenous feeding.分析: 从 “injected directly to our veins”猜到单词intravenous feeding 意思为静脉进食.Knowledge generalizations: Be identified as F: To date, nutrition scientists have identified some 40 to 45 substances as essential nutrients. Be defined as F: Food might be defined as any edible substance that provides nourishment when consumed.F: Nutrition might be defined as the process whereby we obtain the essential nutrients and use them to make many other substances our bodies need, this process would include eating and digesting food and absorbing and using, or metabolizing, the nutrients it contains.Be categorized as F: These nutrients are categorized as fats, proteins carbohydrates (sugars and starches), minerals, vitamins, and water. Be divided into.F: The vitamins are divided into two general categorizes based on their solubility in either water or fat. F: The mineral elements are divided into two categories based on the quantity of them that we need.Somewhere in between is some reasonable, commonsense information that we can use to guide us our quest for sound nutrition knowledge.本句是倒装句，主语是some reasonable, commonsense information ,somewhere in between 是表语。这里somewhere是副词，作表语。In between 是介词短语，修饰somewhere , 以引导that we knowledge 为定语从句，修饰information. Thus, it is the nutrients that are essential and the food that normally provides them.本句由两个并列的强调句组成。 一