国际音标教材.doc

志鸿教辅中心内部教学资料 联系电话：5145087 志鸿教育国际音标教材（一）音标概念知识1音素：音素是语音的最小单位。2音素的分类：元音和辅音。3音素的个数：共48个，元音音素20个，辅 音音 素28个。4音标：记录音素的符号叫做音标。5国际音标：国际音标是由国际语音协会规定的一套音标，用来记录世界各主 要语言的语音。6、元音和辅音的定义：发音时声带振 动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音称为辅音。发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。7、26个英文字母及发音音标如下: A a ei B b bi: C c si: D d di: E e i: F f ef G g d3i: H h eit I i ai J j d3ei K k kei L l el M m em N n en O o u P p pi: Q q kju: R r : S s es T t ti: U u ju: V v vi: W w dblju: X x eks Y y wai Z z zi:zed 以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如: 1)含元音音素ei 字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk 音标: ei eit d3ei kei 2) 含元音音素i: 字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv 音标: bi: si: di: i: d3i: pi:ti: vi: 3) 含元音音素e 字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz 音标: ef el em en es eks zed 4) 含元音音素ju: 字母: Uu Qq Ww 音标: ju: kju: dblju: 5) 含元音音素ai 字母: Ii Yy 音标: ai wai记忆口诀:单元音共十二，四二六前中后 双元音也好背，合口集中八个辅音共计二十八八对一清又七浊，四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音， 有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握 （二）分类元 音：12个单元音长元音a:i: u:短元音 i ue8个双元音 ai ei ii e u auu 辅 音：10对清辅音 p t kfs t tr ts浊辅音 b dgvz3d3drdz3个鼻音mn 3个似拼音hrl2个半元音wj元 音12个单元音长元音a:i: u: 短元音i ue 8个双元音ai eiii e u auu 辅 音10对清辅音p tkfsttrts浊辅音b dgvz3d3drdz3个鼻音mn 3个似拼音hrl 2个半元音wj 三、元音音标学习元音 ： 形成元音时，声带振动，气流经由咽腔和口腔逸出时，不受到任何阻碍，没有可以听得到的摩擦声。英语里共有20个元音（单元音1个，双元音个）。Lesson 1元音i : 学习i: 长元音，嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部尽力向上张开，嘴角向两边张开，流露出微笑的表情，与字母E发音相同。发这个音的字母和字母组合i e y ey ay i: pig fish in fifteen six ship thin e: begin behind jacket basketball y: happy heavy busy lorry carry sunny lovely study thirsty twenty thirty windy rainy ey: monkey money ay:Sunday Saturday Friday 绕口令：1.can you see the green leaves of each tree in the field? 2.A cheap sheep is cheaper than a cheap ship3.She sells sea shells on the seashore. The seashells she sells are seashells she is sure. 4.Silly sheep weep and sleep. Willies really weary（疲倦的）. 练习：根据发音规则，圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词。1.sofa sit kick lip 2.ink gift jam ship3.hand picture big sister 4.hot lick pig jellyi 短元音，嘴型微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，嘴型扁平发这个音的字母和字母组合i e y ey ayi: pig fish in fifteen six ship thine: begin behind jacket basketbally: happy heavy busy lorry carry sunny lovely study thirsty twenty thirty windy rainyey: monkey moneyay:Sunday Saturday Friday 绕口令：1.Be quick! Be quick! Well go to the cinema. What is it? It is a ticket 2. A little pill may well cure a great ill.3.Six shining cities, six shining cities, six shining cities. 4. Six sick sea-serpents（大海蛇） swam the seven seas.练习：根据发音规则，圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词。 1.sofa sit kick lip 2.ink gift jam ship 3.hand picture big sister 4.hot lick pig jell: 舌身平放, 舌中部稍微抬起, 成自然状态,口半开半闭. 发长音发这个音的字母和字母组合er ir ur ear orer: her serve termir:bird girl skirt first dirty skirt shirt ur:nurse Thursday turtle purple curtainear:early learn or: word work world练习：根据发音规则，圈出每组中元音字母组合发音相同的单词。1.thirty beer thirsty wheat 2. bank king her nurse3.turtle bird rabbit knee 4.room run shirt term 口半开半闭，牙床较张开，舌身平放，舌中部稍微抬起，成自然状态，发这个音的字母和字母组合ure er ar or a e ure: picture er:teacher brother dinner father sister ar: sugar or:doctor a:panda about above camera sofa China练习：根据发音规则，找出发的2个单词写在后面的横线上。1.mother sofa road smile 2.sit father sister food 3. hair deer tiger China 4.sugar soon ear leader Lesson 2音标: u: u : 双唇向外突出成圆形，稍稍收圆，介于开闭，圆唇之间发这个音的字母和字母组合a aw al or oor a: water aw:draw strawberry al:ball wall or:horse corn fork or short oor:floor door练习：根据发音规则，找出发:的1个单词写在后面的横线上。1.tall bird bread poor 2.idea chair sport hare 3.cake bear walk cup 4.drink short bag milk 口张大，舌身尽量降低并后缩。发这个音的字母和字母组合o a o: fox coffee dog shop dog doctor long a: watch 练习：根据发音规则，找出发:的2个单词写在后面的横线上。 1.doctor teacher box clothes 2.cold zoo clock dog 3.love boss lot violin 4.watch beach fox girlu: 双唇成圆形, 双唇向前突出，牙床近于半合。发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo ui o: do who whose oo: food moon too ui: fruit juice u: ruler rude 练习：根据发音规则，找出不发u:的单词。1. juice moon zoo panda 2. tooth broom eye spoon 3. head boot noodles pool 4. noon cool boot watchu 双唇成圆形，稍向前突出，牙床近于半合。舌尖不触下齿，舌后部向软颚抬起，舌身后缩。发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo u o:woman wolfoo:look good book foot woodu:bull bullet根据发音规则，选出与其它单词元音发音不相同的单词。 1.mouth book look pull 2.push tape sugar foot3.wood kind wolf bull 4.bullet wood cook nameLesson 3音标a: e a: 牙床大开，口张大，双唇张开而不圆。舌身平放舌尖后缩，舌后微升，舌身微离下齿。发这个音的字母和字母组合a ar au ear a: grass glass class plant dance fast father last ar: car star arm March garden dark scarf au: laugh aunt ear: heart练习：根据发音规则，圈出发a:的2个单词。1.arm lip doctor card 2. cloud cart garden gate 3.ball scarf dark tiger 4. job lorry March park 双唇平放，牙床半开，开口程度和 相似，双唇向两旁平伸。发这个音的字母和字母组合o u oo ou o: son come colour love money u: sun nut jump gum bus brush supper us ou: touch cousin country练习：根据发音规则，找出每组中发的单词。 1.hear cup bed air 2. voice boy duck ant 3.vase corn bear gun 4. cute boy money her 舌前部最低，双唇向两旁平伸,成扁平牙床开的最大。软颚升起, 唇自然开放发这个音的字母和字母组合a a: dad cap cat bad apple bag flag hand rabbit ant black fat has stand rat map练习：根据发音规则，找出每组中发的单词。1.rat bed face sport 2.hear cup fat pear3.rice bat finger tree 4.sea young knife applee 舌尖抵下齿, 舌前部稍抬起, 舌后接近硬颚, 比 i: 低。发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea e: egg bell desk leg pet ten pen ea: bread head breakfast练习：1.根据发音规则，找出每组中不发e的单词。 1.cat well leg pen 2.sweat map pet elephant 3.egg ten tall desk 4.bread head bed toy2.选出下列每题中元音有几种读音，有一种读音的在（ ）里画,有两种读音的画,有三种的画 ( ) 1. hat fast cook last ( ) 2. jeep door sun gum ( ) 3. dad cap hand map ( ) 4. star car cut from( ) 5. skirt sheep bird her Lesson 4音标ei ai i au ei 舌尖抵住下齿，牙床半开半合,发这个音的字母和字母组合a ai ay a: cake make name game snake gate lazy ai: rain train wait ay: day May play taday way 练习：根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发音不一样的单词。1.face wave sheep tail 2.grape plane name coat 3.time tape train snake 4.rain soap cake trainai 将口张开略圆，舌后微升，舌尖向后收缩发这个音的字母和字母组合i y ie uy i: kite bike nice tiger write knife y: by cry fly my sky try why ie:tie pie uy:buy练习：根据发音规则，找出每组中发ai的2个单词.1.rice good jam right 2.ship mine ice-cream mouse3.cloud sit tie eye 4.write small tennis kitei 双唇外突成圆形逐渐过渡为双唇扁平分开发这个音的字母和字母组合oi oy oi: oil boil coin oy: boy toy练习：根据发音规则，找出每组中发i的2个单词. 1.soil hear soy cold 2. rabbit bed boy noise 3.walk voise boil word 4. tea enjoy toy milkau 将口张开略圆，逐渐合拢，双唇逐渐成圆形，不要一开始就把双唇收圆。发这个音的字母和字母组合ou ow ou: house mouse mouth trousers ow: flower cow how now down练习：根据发音规则，选出不发au的单词。1mouse cloud arm clown 2.teacher trousers cow mouth3. town dance flower house 4.tower blouse now babyLesson 5音标u i e uu 口半开半圆，舌后微微上升，过渡成双唇成圆形，发英语字母” O” 的长音发这个音的字母和字母组合o oa ow o: nose rose poen over oa: boat coat soap goat ow:show window snow bowl 练习：根据发音规则，圈出每组中发u的2个单词。 1coat goat tree river 2.make window knife road 3. your white row coat 4.boat hen nose lampi 双唇张开，牙床由窄至半开，舌抵下齿逐渐过渡上卷发这个音的字母和字母组合ear eer ear: ear hear tear eer: deer beer练习：根据发音规则，圈出每组中发i的1个单词。1.bear beer fair tail 2.noodles pair near come3.horse near tower air 4. ring king here threee 双唇张开后略圆，牙床张开一定宽度，舌尖卷上慢慢卷后。发这个音的字母和字母组合air ear air: hair chair pair ear:pear bear wear练习：根据发音规则，圈出每组中发e的1个单词。 1.bear idea pineapple tail 2.noodles pair climb come 3.horse house tower air 4. ring king hare threeu 双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿， 发这个音的字母和字母组合oor our ureoor: poorour: tour ure: sure pure练习：根据发音规则，圈出每组中发u的1个单词。 1.clear tourist pineapple tail 2.noodles pair climb fury 3.beard cure tower air 4. voice king pure engineer （四）辅音音标学习爆破音： ptk bdg摩擦音： f v s z 破擦音： tr dr ts dz t t3 鼻辅音： m n 舌侧音： 1）出现在元音之前叫作清晰舌边音2）出现在辅音及单词末尾时叫作模糊舌边音半元音：擦音中气流较弱，摩擦较小，介于元音跟辅音之 间的音 w j 3 h rLesson 6音标p b t dp 发这个音的字母和字母组合p pp p: piano panda parrot pet ship sheep pig stop pp: apple happy 练习：根据发音规则，圈出没有发p的单词。1.ship phone sleep pear 2.pick pen big pineapple3.taxi parrot sheep pig 4.panda pony pet truckb 发这个音的字母和字母组合b bb b: book ball bird big boy bag banana bb:rubber rabbit cabbage练习：根据发音规则，圈出发b的2个单词。1.cab gift beach love 2. pet god tub bed 3.weather boy bus make 4.rabbit read dress babyt 发这个音的字母和字母组合 t tt t: table tea taxi cat rat fat ticket Tt: butter matter练习：根据发音规则，圈出没有发t的1个单词。1.taxi fat bag toy 2.hat ticket tea duc 3.pocket packet cat raind 发这个音的字母和字母组合d edd: duck seed door desk day red head bed read colded: smiled opened played练习：根据发音规则，圈出没有发d的1个单词。1.bed clothes hand 2.dog cold five 3.dance duck grapeLesson7 音标k g s z k发这个音的字母和字母组合c k ck c: cap cook cup car can class k: cook milk key desk kite cake ck: clock sock cock neck练习：从下列单词中找出一个发sk的单词。1. cake car desk neck 2. mask rock ink clock3. disk truck silk duckg发这个音的字母和字母组合g gg g: glass golf get girl bag goat flag gg: egg 练习：根据发音规则，圈出发g的单词。 gas drive gum give violin bag jeans orange log bridge guess tank grade long language s发这个音的字母和字母组合s c ss ces: star sun snake sea seec: pencil city cedar ceiling celebrate ss: grass glass class boss ce: face race rice nice练习：根据发音规则，圈出每组中2个发s的单词。1. whose juice lick student 2. those case scarf shoes3. space nose science meat 4. tears piece bus nose z发这个音的字母和字母组合z s sez: zero zebra zoos: bags photos sistersse: nose rose练习：根据发音规则，圈出每组中2个发z的单词。1.zoo freeze lick case 2. game play busy shoes3.dog nose rose meat 4. tears peanut eagle zeroLesson 8音标 3 t d3 发这个音的字母和字母组合s sh s: sugar sure sh: ship sheep wash cash shop she根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发的2个单词。1. shell ship watch desk 2. truck shirt skirt ship3. brush carrat sheep sleep 4. hero shape street shelf3发这个音的字母和字母组合s s: television, usually, Asia measure a garage,an unusual collision; a great decision; my pleasure根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发3的2个单词。1. shell ship garage desk 2. truck shirt pleasure ship3. brush casual sheep sleep 4. hero shape leisure shelft发这个音的字母和字母组合ch tchch: teacher peach cherry chair tch: watch match 根据发音规则,找出下列单词中发t的单词.chair dumpling beach cheese night she monkeyChina church these flower egg dream shark chick catchd3发这个音的字母和字母组合g j dge g: ginger giraffe j: jump job jam ge: orange cabbage cage根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发d3的单词。 egg giraffe dragon grass cabbage job gift gate orange drug jeans gunLesson 9音标f v f发这个音的字母和字母组合f ff ph ghf: five fan flower fish four leafff: giraffe ph: phone elephant photogh: laugh选出下列单词中不发f的单词。 knife flower foot fish pick get photo giraffe laugh leafv发这个音的字母和字母组合v vev: video vase vestve: five love violin根据发音规则,在不发v的单词上打violin move vote window van volcano white womanvictory wet wave vase发这个音的字母和字母组合thth: three thin third teeth mouth根据发音规则，圈出不发的单词。1father three maths thirsty 2. mouth throat Thursday brother3. think thirsty mother thousand 4. thin thick they teeth 发这个音的字母和字母组合thth: father mother brother clothes weather根据发音规则，圈出每组中发 的1个单词。1than sister brother three 2. weather thank night good3. tie look teeth they 4. thin father throat watchLesson 10音标tsdz tr dr ts 发这个音的字母和字母组合ts tes ts: seats goats coats cats pets eats tes: gates kites dates tastes 根据发音规则，找出发ts的4个单词写在后面的横线上。sands woods boots birds hats carrats hands beds friends rats seeds kidsdz 发这个音的字母和字母组合ds des ds: seeds woods friends birds beds des: rides 根据发音规则，划出发dz的5个单词。coats hands cats kites beds words pets kids seats horse sands gatestr 发这个音的字母和字母组合tr tr: tree truck trousers strawberry trick根据发音规则，划出没有发tr的3个单词 。seats truck train trash tractor drink street drug trousersdr 发这个音的字母和字母组合dr dr: draw drink driver dragon dry 根据发音规则，找出每组中发dr的2个单词写在后面的横线上。1. dream duck dress rain 2. rat drain drug door 3. tree treasure drawer drink 4. truck dragon dish drum Lesson 11音标hrlmh发这个音的字母和字母组合h wh h: he her head heart hair ham wh: who whose 根据发音规则， 把下列单词中不发h的找出来。1. ham hat white ( )2. horse whale who ( ) 3. wheat hole hair ( )r 发这个音的字母和字母组合r rr wrr: rice room ride road roserr: mirror carrot parrot wr: write wrong wrap根据发音规则，选出发r的单词，打。1. bread driver wrong rain worker2. river father robot rope sister3. write fruit rabbit crown druml 发这个音的字母和字母组合l lll: look light lock lucky lion tail ll: ball pull dollar tell根据发音规则，选出每组中不发l的单词。1. lamp nail flag woman 2. yellow fruit lion lychee 3. grape bull laugh lake 4. dumpling moon wheel whale m 发这个音的字母和字母组合m mb m: mouth mouse milk monkey moon money mummb: climb comb thumbLesson 12音标n w j n发这个音的字母和字母组合n kn gnn: nose net nut banana noodles train rain plane downkn: knee knife knock gn: sign 根据发音规则，找出发n的单词并抄下来。1. mirror wheel yes knock 2. mall hen laugh nut 3. earrings plane wing bread 发这个音的字母和字母组合n ngn: ink bank tank fingerng: sing hang song king reading running 根据发音规则，从下列每组中找出2个发的单词。1net ring finger meat 2. tennis mouth song swing 3. dumpling wing run nail 4. hang swim ink note w发这个音的字母和字母组合wh w w: winter window watch water well would wh: white where which when why wheel whale根据发音规则，选出每组中不发w音的1个单词。1. wood write wheel which 2. wheat snow wet woman3. white window now why 4. whale water watch row j发这个音的字母和字母组合yy: yo-yo yogurt yard yes you your根据发音规则，找出发j的单词写在下面横线上。cry you your sky yellow lorry money jelly toy boy yogurt soy语音的基本常识1. 开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e : name, bike, home, due, plane, shine b) 辅音+元音: he, go, hi, do, be, tree, three, hello2. 闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音: bad, bed, sit, hot, cup,let, mad, map b)元音+辅音: it,is, of, in, on, up, out, ant3.重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 4、音节的划分 一个单词的音标中有几个元音就有几个音节。5、重读音节 任何双音节或多音节单词的音标中，有重读音节和非重读音节 ，哪一个音节重读，该音节的左上方或该音节的元音上方标有重读符号“”。6、浊化音 以sp_, st_, sk_开头的单词中，清辅音/p/ /t/ /k/分别要发浊辅音/b/ /d/ /g/。7、定冠词the的读音 e.g. the man c.f. the old man8、不完全爆破 爆破音p b t d k g 后面紧跟另一个爆破音时，前面的那个爆破音只在口腔内形成阻碍，而不能完全读出。 e.g. basketball the part of the earth 9、连读 在一个短语或句子中，如果相邻两词的关系相等密切，而前一个词以辅音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，辅音和元素连在一起读。10、意群的停顿对于一个较长的句子，可以根据意思和结构将其分成几群,一个意群必须一口气说完。11.英语发音规则 ：元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母读元音字母 （a e I o u ）a 在开音节中 ei name plane Jane baby 在闭音节中 bag dad hat map e 在开音节中 i: he these me Chinese 在闭音节中 e bed let pen desk i在开音节中 ai bike fly drive time 在闭音节中 i fish big drink sit milk o在开音节中u those go home no 在闭音节中 clock not box shop u 在开音节中 ju: student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中 bus cup jump 英语发音规则三 ： 元音字母在非重读音节中的读音a China another woman breakfast i orange comrade village cabbagee hundred student open : nerve serve term i chicken pocket I i holiday beautiful family animal ai exercise satelliteo second tonight somebody welcome u also zero photou autumn difficult ju: popular congratulation January注意：动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读ei音,例如:operateu处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读u(:)音,例如:July influence February issue重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节.用音标标记双音节,多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号.单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号. 开音节 绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节.例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret. 相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节.例如:name these bike home ex-cuse. 闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节.例如:bag egg fish not cup 多音节词重读规则 多