四级单词应用---清华.doc

Word Use lilySpelling ImprovementPoor spelling often results form bad habits developed in the early school years. With work, such habits can be corrected. If you can write your name without misspelling it, there is no reason why you cannot do the same with almost any word in the English language.Step 1: Use the DictionaryGet into the habit of using the dictionary. When you write a paper, allow yourself time to look up the spelling of all those words you are unsure about. Do not overlook the value of this step just because it is such a simple one. By using the dictionary, you can probably make yourself a 95 percent better speller.Step 2: Keep a Personal Spelling ListKeep a list of words you misspell and study the words regularly. Write the list on the back page of a frequently used notebook or o0n a separated sheet of paper titled “Personal Spelling List.”To master the words on your personal spelling list, do the following:1. Write down any hint that will help you remember the spelling of a word. For example, you might want to note that occasion is spelled with two cs, or that all right is two words, not one word.2. Study a word by looking at it, saying it, and spelling it. You may also want to write out the word one or more times, or “air write” it with your finger in large exaggerated motions.3. When you have trouble spelling a long word, try to break a word into syllables and see whether you can spell the syllables. For example, insufficient can be spelled easily if you can hear and spell in turn its four syllables: in su ffi cient. The word contamination can be spelled easily if you hear and spell its five syllables in turn: con ta mi na tion. Remember, then: Try to see, hear, and spell long words in terms of their syllables.4. Keep in mind that review and repeated self-testing are keys to effective learning. When you are learning a series of words, go back after studying each new word and review all the preceding ones.Step 3: Master Commonly Confused WordsMaster the meanings and spellings of the commonly confused words. For example, affect and effect, beside and besides, accept and except, later and latter, principal and principle, course and coarse, passed and past, etc. Make a list of them throughout your learning. Assign ten to fifteen of such words for yourself to study at a time, and continue to do so until you have mastered the words.Step 4: Learn Key Words in Major SubjectsMake up and master lists of words central to the vocabulary of your major subjects. For example, a list of key words in business might include economics, management, resources, scarcity, capitalism, decentralization, productivity, enterprise, and so on; in psychology, behavior, investigation, experimentation, frustration, cognition, stimulus, response, organism, and so on. Set aside a specific portion of your various course notebooks to be used only for such lists, and study them using the methods described above for learning words.Step 5: Study a Basic Word List.Following is a list of 250 English words that are often misspelled. Study their spellings. You may assign 20-25 words for yourself to study at a time until you have mastered the entire list.250 Basic Wordsabsenceacheachieveacknowledgeaisleall rightalreadyamateuransweranxiousappearancedefinitedepositdictionarydisastrousdiseasedistancedoctordoubtefficienteightheither emphasizeentranceenvironmentexaggerateexamineexistencefamiliarfascinateFebruaryfinancial foreign forty friend furnituregovernmentgrammar grieveguidance hammerhandkerchiefharassheighthospitalhundred husbandimitationincredible independenceinstantinsteadintelligenceinterestinterfereinterruptirresistibleJanuarykindergartenleisurelibrarylightninglikely livelihoodlonelinessloosemagazinemakingmaintainmarriagematerialmathematicsmedicineminute mortgagemusclenaturallynecessaryneithernickelnieceninetynoiseobedienceobstacleoccasionoccuroccurrenceomissionopinionopportunityoptimistounceoutrageouspageantpamphletpeopleperformpersistentphysicallypicnicplausiblepleasantpolicemanpossibleprecedepreferpreferenceprejudiceprescriptionprobablypsychologypursuequantityquarterquietquizraisereallyrecedereceiverecognizerecommendreferenceregionreignrelievereligionrepresentativeresistancerestaurantrhythmridiculousrightsafetysaidsalaryscarcelyscholasticsciencescissorssecretaryseizeseparatesergeantseveralseverelyshrieksiegesimilarsincerelysophomorestraightsucceedsuppresstelephonetemperaturetenanttendencytenththantheaterthoughthousandthroughtomorrowtonguetonighttournamenttowardtransferredtrouserstruly twelfthunanimousuntilunusualusageusedusualusuallyvacuumvaluablevarietyvegetablevengeanceviewvillainvisionvisitorvoice WashingtonwearweatherWednesdayweightweirdwelcomewhetherwhich woman womenwont writingwrittenwrong yesterdayyolkyour youreappetiteattemptattendanceautumnawfulbachelorbalancebargainbasically beautifulbelievebeneficialbottombreathebrilliantbureaubusinesscafeteriacalendarcandidatecategoryceilingcemeterychiefchoosecigarettecitizencollegecolumncomfortablecommittedcompletelyconceit conscienceconsciousconversationcrueltydaughterdeceitStep 6: Use Electronic AidsThere are several electronic aids that help your spelling. First, most electronic type writers can be set to beep automatically when you misspell a word. They include built-in dictionaries that will then give you the correct spelling. Second, electronic spell-checks are pocket-size devices that look much like the pocket calculators you may use in math class. Electronic spellers can be found in almost any electronics store. The checker includes a tiny keyboard. You type out the word they way you think it is spelled, and the checker quickly provides you w