四六级翻译综合训练.docx

翻译专项训练1. He told me that hardly_(他一到家她就抱怨起来)。2. It is recommended_(在做好所有准备之前这个项目是不会开始的)。3. A firm success_(取决于他的工作者的效率)。4. The grandeur of the grand Canyon_(吸引了来自世界各地的游客)。5. Elizabeth had some jewelry_(从她外婆那里继承来的)。答案:1.had he returned home when she started complaining2.that the project (should) not be started until all the preparations have been made3.depends on its workers s efficiency4.draes tourists from all over the world1.It was essential_(在截止日期前寄回申请表)。2.I went to see William,_(结果发现他前两天已经走了)。3.He flatly contradicted the audience was instantaneous; no sooner_(讲演刚结束，听众就爆发了热烈的掌声)。4.Should it rains,_(农作物就得救了)。答案:1.that the application forms be sent back before the deadline2.only to learn that he had left two days before3.had the speaker finished than the audience burst into applause4.the crops would be saved1.Joe was expelled from school_(因为作弊)。2.Its high time_(把我们的注意力放在这个问题上)。3.The prisoner has been_(被剥夺了许多普通公民应有的权利)。4.Without your help,_(我们不会有那么快的进步)。5.In retrospect, the meeting_(比我们想象的还要成功)。答案:1.for cheating in his exams2. we turned our attention to this problem3. deprived of many privileges that average citizens enjoy4.we would not have made such rapid progress5.was more successful than we had imagined1.It is imperative_(你亲自去那里)。2.Only in this way _(我们能够准时到达目的地)。3.To our surprise, he _(把所有钱花在建设这所医院上)。4.Had electronic computers not been invented,_(很多关于太空飞行的问题不能解决了)。5.Instead of by force, he_(靠说服力赢得他们的支持)。答案:1.that you (should) be there in person2.can we arrive at the destination on time3.spent all his money on building this hospital4.many problems of space flight could not have been solved1.The government is being criticized_(对公众隐瞒真相)。2.We are convinced_(只要我们努力就能达到目标)。3.But for the fog,_(我们已经到达我们的目的地了)。4.My boss often_(提醒我要利用一切机会提高自己的交际能力)。5.The teacher felt unhappy because _(新的教学楼何时建好还是个问题)。答案:1.for hiding the truth from the public2.that we can achieve our goal as long ad we try hard3.we should have reached our destination4.reminds me to avail myself of every chance to improve my communicative ability1.It has became a new policy that_(这个部门领导的职位每年轮换一次)。2._(第一次来这里的普通游客也许看不出差别),but the staff membersknow it.3.We get news that_(凡是想参加这次旅游的人都必须先订机票)。4.They didnt talk much_(害怕别人听到了)。5.The stylist confessed that _(这项工程预计约耗时三至四年)。答案:1.the leadership of this department rotates annually2.Ordinary visitors who come here for the first time probably wont notice thedifference3.people who wish to go on the tour must book plane tickets first1.After thinking for a whileday,_(他宁愿保持中立而不愿意站在任何一方)。2._(既然我们无法测出噪音的增减量),we never know to whatdanger we are encountered.3.The light of the car waslight,_(但无论是父亲还是孩子都不在车里)。4.She always went shopping in a remotesupermarket_(这样一来她就不会经常碰到自己的同事了)。5.It is hoped that_(到新的工作岗位他的才干能得到比以往更好的发挥)。答案:1.he preferred being neutral to taking sides2.Since we can not measure the increase or decrease of noise3.but neither the father nor his children were in the car4.so that she would t often meet her own colleagues5.in the new job his talents will be better utilized than before1.She felt depressed because_(她充分意识到孩子们再也回不来了)。2.It is quite strange that _(无论他说什么、做什么都被认为是对的)。3._(化学老师从学生中随便叫了几个人)and asked them to helphim do the experiment.4.Having lived in the south for manyyears,_(一些人却仍然不适应那里既炎热又潮湿的天气)。5.Not before in ourhistory_(这么多强烈的影响共同导致产生这样的的灾难)。答案1.she was well aware that her children would never returned2.whatever he says and whatever he does are always considered to be right3.the chemical teacher picked several students at random4.some people still cant adapt to the hot and humid weather5.have so many strong influences united to product such a large disaster1.People in some big cities are highlymobile,_(因此很多人发现很难彼此深交)。2.My friend warnedme_(不要把钥匙留在车上，已经发生了多起偷车里东西的事件)。3.It is a paradox that_(如此富裕的国度居然生活着这么多贫穷的人民)。4.After a long discussion, the workers havefinally_(达成一致，决定罢工应再持续两天)。5.The house was on fire now,_(但那个小伙子在救那个小男孩时表现出了极大的勇气)。答案1.and therefore many find it difficult to became deeply involved with each other2.not to leave my car unlocked as there had been lots of stealing from cars3.such a rich country should have so many poor people living in it4.reached the decision that they should hold on their strike for two more days5.but the young man demonstrated great courage saving the little boy1.Her friends all felt _(她自从迁居南方做生意后就变得精于世道了)。2._(最后一个学生做完练习时已经很晚了)，and we were dismissedimmediately.3._(尽管他们赞同推迟会议的意见)，they didnt dare to speak outpublicly.4._( 她一遍一遍地大声读这篇文章)until finally she learn it byheart.5.People here still keep their lifestyletoday_(殊不知他们的习惯对自己和后代都有害)。答案1.he has become sophisticated since she went to live in the south and did businessthere2.It was very late when the last student finished the exercises3.Ever if they were in favor of the idea of postponing the meeting4.she read the article aloud again and again5.without knowing that their habits are doing harm to themselves and their offspring1. You shouldnt have run across the road without looking, you would have beenknocked down by a car. (也许会被车撞到)解析：本题考察虚拟语气。句子是与过去事实相反，因此用would have+过去分词，表虚拟语气。2 By no means does he regard himself as an expert, (他把自己当成专家) althoughhe knows a lot about the field.解析：本题考察倒装和词组regard sb. as sth.(把当作)。介词短语by no means置于句首，构成部分倒装，因此把助动词does 提前。3 He doesnt appreciate the sacrifice his friends have made for him, however, hetakes it for granted.(把他们所做的视作理所应当)解析：本题考察词组take sth. for granted (把当作理所当然)。同时，考生要注意句子后半句前是一个逗号，要加上一个连词and 或者加上however。4 Janet told me that she would rather her mother not have interfered with hermarriage.(不干涉她的婚姻) 解析：本题考察would rather have done sth,表示过去事件，句子中told 提示是过去发生的事，因此用would have interfered with。5 To keep up with the expanding frontiers of scholarship. Edward Wilson foundhimself always searching for information on the internet. （经常上网查信息）解析：本题考察了感官动词find+宾语+现在分词（作宾补），现在分词表主动。因此这里用searching。1.When an opportunity comes, _ (伴之而来的是成功的希望)but neverrealizes it on its own.2.If you want to _(取得成就或实现雄心壮志)，you must work hard，makeefforts and get prepared.3.The successful person _(总是作好充分准备)to meet opportunities as theyduly arrive.4.Anthropologists(人类学家)have discovered that fear，happiness，sadness，andsurprise _(都会行之于色)，which is a universal phenomenon.(这.有点难.)5.Long before children are able to speak or understand a language，they cancommunicate with adults _(通过面部表情和靠发出噪声).1.it brings a promise解析：这是一句非常富有哲理的话，意思是当机遇来临的时候，伴之而来的是成功的希望，然而希望不会自己实现。句子需填入部分伴之而来的是成功的希望 看似表达非常复杂，其实意思很简单，即：机遇会带来希望，那么对这个句子的翻译就简单了，为避免重复，机遇可以用it 代替。成功的希望用名词promise，如：a young man full of promise(大有前途的年轻人)。这个词的常用意思是诺言，承诺。大家要注意，少数情况下我们会碰到一些看似结构复杂的句子，但只要读懂字里行间就可以化复杂为简单。这也是英汉互译时的一个必备技巧。2.achieve something or fulfill your ambitions解析：本题考查短语搭配。取得成就可以有这样的表达：make achievements 或achievesomething，前者成就作名词，后者作动词。实现雄心壮志中实现可选用realize，fulfill，此外e true，carry.out 也有实现梦想/理想之意。3.always makes adequate preparations解析：作准备的表达有：prepare.for; make preparations for.。充分的可选形容词有：enough，sufficient，adequate，而well-prepared 多在句中充当表语成分，如：Hiscounsel was well-prepared.(他的律师作了充分准备。)全句的后半部分meet opportunities 也可以作为考点，它表示抓住机遇，并不是看见机遇。meet 还有达到要求、满足愿望或意见一致等意。如：The firm has done its best to meet us on thatpoint.(公司在那方面已尽了最大的努力来满足我们的要求。)4.are reflected in facial expressions解析：行之于色是一个古汉语表达，正如在第一题给大家说到，有时候在汉译英时会遇到一些看似复杂的语言，但只要读懂字里行间意译即可。行之于色是说人内心的喜怒哀乐通过面部表情都可以反映出来，因此联系前文就不难译出：are reflected in facialexpressions。5.through facial expressions and by making noises解析：本题意为：在孩子们能够表达或理解一门语言之前的很长一段时间，他们靠面部表情和发出噪声和大人们交流。通过面部表情和靠发出噪声在句中充当方式状语，表示某种途径或方法。面部表情是一个名词短语，前加介词through，而发出噪声make noise 是一个带有动作性的动词短语，因此通过发出噪声应选用by+doing 的结构。同样是表示方法途径，前面的介词选择却有不同，考生要注意比较。1. If he had known this would happen,_（他当初也许会以不同方式行事）.2. Every mother is proud of her child and_（父亲也一样）.3. _（他刚到家）when it started raining.4. A minute ago the old lady _（撕开信封）with great excitement.5. My washing machine broke down this morning._（我打算明天把它送去修理）.6. The report said that the sample water had too much lead in it,_（可能对我们的健康有害）.答案解析：1.答案：he would have acted differently 或he would have acted in a different way本题主要考查语法虚拟语气。由句意提示可知，本句是if 引导的虚拟句，表示对过去情况的假设。由于前半句出现了had 加动词的过去分词，后半句应使用would 加havedone 的结构。2.答案：so is every father本句主要考点为语法，考查倒装结构。当so 表示“同样”或“也”之意时，其后的句子需要倒装。翻译本句时还要注意every father 作主语时谓语应为单数形式。3.答案：Hardly had he arrived home 或He had hardly arrived home本题的考点在于固定搭配。句意为“他刚到家就开始下雨了。”由于后半句由when 代起，前半句应出现hardly,构成固定搭配hardly.when.，且根据此固定搭配的使用要求，前半句的时态应为过去完成时。本题由两种可能的答案，若以hardly 开头，句子需要倒装，以he 开头则保持正常语序。4.答案：tore the envelope open本题的考点在于核心动词。表达“撕开”之意应选择动词tear，tear 是规则动词,过去式为tore。本题另一个易错之处在于选择表示“开”的词。由句意可知，“开”指的是信封的状态而不是对动词“撕”的修饰，故应用形容词。 5.答案：Ill have it fixed tomorrow 或Im going to have it fixed tomorrow本题的考点在于固定搭配。have.done 与dosth.的区别在于前者意为“让别人做某事”。本题需要表达让别人修理洗衣机，故应为haveit repaired。6.答案：which might damage our health本题的考点在于语法，主要考查对从句的使用。由于空格前出现了逗号，空格部分应补出从句而而非一个完整的句子。由句意可知，逗号之前出现的it 指的是water，而对健康有害的东西正是water,故因翻译出一个以it 为先行词的非限定性定语从句。1. This is yet _ (两国人民的又一个共同点).2. His scientific works _(在英语国家得到广泛阅读).3. Revolution means the emancipation of the productiveforces，_(改革也是解放生产力).4.He is optimistic _(对现时信息产业的发展状况).5.Work in all fields should be subordinated to and_(服务于经济发展的进程).答案解析：1. another common point between the people of our two countries解析：本题考查通过增补介词使译文的意思更完整。虽然原文没有和between 相对应的词，但是共同点是两国人民之间在某方面进行比较的结果，所以增补between 之后，符合英语表达习惯。增词法也是汉译英中常用技巧之一，再如：她以教书为业。(She is ateacher by occupation.)我已重新考虑了那件事。(Ive had second thought on thatmatter.)2. were widely read in English-speaking countries解析：若是按照字面翻译，这句话很可能被译为were widely read in English countries。但是原文中英语国家的含义是讲英语的国家。这体现了英汉表达差异。请考生看下面这句话的英译：我卖掉了彩电。/I sold out my color TV. 这句译文错误在于，没弄清彩电的含义。彩电有两层意思：一是指具体的实物，即彩色电视机color TVset;二是指屏幕上出现的影像，即彩色电视colorTV。而句子中卖掉的只能是机器，具体的实物。3. and so does reform解析：本题意为：革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。考点有二：第一，考查词性转移。原文中解放用作动词，生产力作宾语。译文中处理成名词短语对生产力的解放。第二，考查省译法。我们不能把原文译成and reform also means theemancipation of the productiveforces，这种结构显得臃肿累赘。为避免重复，可以选用and sodoes.来代替这个动宾结构。4. about the present development of information industry解析：对.表示乐观可以用句型be optimistic about sth.。这句话不能译成about thestatus of the present development of information industry。状况是一个范畴词，没有实际含义，可省略不译。5. serve the economic development解析：服务于.即为.服务，所以要用serve sb./ sth.的结构，不能译成be servedto。进程也是一个范畴词，可以省略不译。另外，be subordinatedto 是一个固定结构，含义是从属于.，隶属于.。1._ (直到失去健康) that people know the value of health.2.The bag was stuffed_( 脏衣服)3._ (很多朋友不在)， we decided to put the meeting off.4._ (给我印象最深的) were her liveliness and sense of humor.5.There engines are_ (不如我们制造的那些发动机功率大) .1. It is not until they lose it大家对not until/until 的用法掌握比较好，不过比较少人用it 来替代下文的health，答案的替代比较简洁，翻译中应该避免重复使用同一个词。2.with dirty clothes这里主要是考察be stuffed with (被填满)的用法，这是一个四级单词，是搭配问题。3.With many friends absent这里主要是考察对absent adj./vi./absence n.缺席的各种表达，如果按照原文“不在”翻译，显然比较生硬且与下文不符，因此要善于根据上下文推断原文意思。4.What impressed me the most名词性从句what impressed me the most，有部分沪友遗漏了其中的the，表示最高级一般都要使用定贯词the，如the largest、the hardest 等。5. less powerful than the ones we have made很多人都用比较级，可是却忽略了比较级是用在形容词/副词上的，如faster、bigger、more beautiful 等。因此这里应该用power 的形容词powerful，另要强调机器是我们制造的-wehave made.1. A dog has won a German government award _ (因协助警方劝阻一名妇女自杀).2. The manager points out _ (我们的工作进展令人满意).3. _ (这栋房子需要现代化)：it has no bathroom or electricity.4. _(飞机什么时候起飞)has not been announced.5.His idea is _(应该立即执行计划).1. for helping police persuade a woman not to commit suicide解析：本句考查的是句子逻辑关系。根据意思可知，句子前半句是果，后半句是因。“一只狗因为协助警方阻止了一名妇女的自杀而获德国政府奖项”。英语通常把表示目的、假设、原因、让步等内容放在句子的后部，因此这句话可以由because，for 来引导。“自杀”有一个固定短语commit suicide，“劝阻”要用强调结果成功的persuade。2. that our work is progressing satisfactorily解析：本题考查词性的转译，即：将原汉语句子中的动词“令人满意”转移成英语的副词satisfactorily。这种词性转换是翻译常用技巧，适当的转换可使译文通顺，符合英文表达习惯。另外，句子需填入部分在全句中充当宾语从句，因而不能漏译that。3. This house needs modernizing解析：本题同样考查汉英词性转换技巧。全句意为：这栋房子既没有浴室也没有电，(因而)需要现代化。“现代化”在汉语里是一个名词，在这个句子中实际上指的是“房子”需要配置现代化设备， 它的含义不等同于modernization ，“ 配备现代化设施” 可以用modernizing 来表示。英语里很多以-ing 结尾的动词表示该动作的过程，通常与need 连用，如：These clothes need washing. 本题是从名词到动词的转换。4. When the plane is to take off解析：本题考查的是以连接副词when 引导的主语从句的翻译。中文意思是：飞机什么时候起飞还没有公布。这样的主语从句一般可以采用顺序法翻译。顺序法同样也适用于以that，what，whatever，who，whoever，where，how，why 等引导的主语从句。如：认识他的人都信任他。(Who knows him will believe him.)本题的另一个考点是：“什么时候起飞”是一个将来时态，可以用be to 来表达。5. that the plan should be carried out immediately解析：本题综合考查了表语从句、无主语翻译以及惯用搭配。首先，His idea is 前半部分是一个完整的主谓结构，句子需填入部分在全句中充当表语;其次，“应该立即执行计划”中“计划”是被用来执行的，但是题干中并没有提到谁会来执行这个计划。因此，在主语没有出现的情况下，可以采用被动译法。“执行计划”在英语里可以用carry out the plan，perform the plan，implement the plan 来表示。1. _ ( 随着工商业的发展),the number of trees in many big cities hasdramatically reduced.2. Travel can widen our knowledge, _ ( 扩大我们的眼界),and make oneopen-minded as well.3. Cars are responsible for most of the smog in cities, _ (这已经对环境造成了严重的污染).4.Modernization will be entirely possible in the first half of the 21st century, as long aswe _(坚持认为)that economic development is the center of all our work.5. He was convinced on the basis of _(当时已出现的情况)that there wouldbe a long and difficult struggle.1. With industries and business developing quickly解析：本句意为：随着工商业的发展，许多大城市的树木数量正急剧减少。随着.要用介词with 或along with。工商业既包括工业也包括商业，翻译时要注意译文的完整性。本句也可译成：With the quick development of industries and business.2. broaden our horizon解析：句中的短语widen our knowledge 意思是扩大我们的眼界， make oneopen-minded 是同义复指，它们表示相同的意思却在英语里使用不同的表达，以避免用词重复。这是英语行文的一个技巧，考生在翻译时应尽量避免wordiness(用词累赘)，这个技巧在写六级作文时也值得借鉴。本句还可以译成：expand our vision 或extend our sight.3. which has seriously polluted the environment解析：这已经对环境造成了严重的污染中的这显然是指前半句提到的the smog incities，这里需要的是一个非限制性定语从句，补充说明城市烟雾对环境的影响。本句还可以译成：which has brought serious pollution to the environment。4. hold an idea/ insist on the idea/ stick to the idea解析：本句意为：只要我们坚持以经济建设为中心，那么在21 世纪上半叶实现现代化是完全可能的。本题考查固定短语坚持认为的说法。除了答案提供的说法外还有以下说法大家可以参考：persist in the idea/ persevere in the idea/ adhere to the idea 等。5. what had appeared by then解析：情况在这里没必要直译成situation 或case，本句含义是指基于当时的情况使他确信，因而可以用what 引导作basis 后置定语。还有一点需要注意的是，当时已出现要求我们在翻译时准确选择时态。by then 与过去完成时态想一致，也可以用at that time。1.I replied to her that _ (我将会接受她的邀请).2.She was angry with her husband ,so _ ( 她不理不睬)when he spoke to her.3.How could we get news in our own society or abroad _ (没有报纸的话)?4.The latest census shows that Chinas population _ (已超过10 亿)5.We have had ten recorders ,but we still need _(需要这么多)as again.1. I would accept her invitation解析：本题考点一是时态的一致。由于前半句时态是replied，因此将要应译为would。本题考点二是接受的英文表达。accept 和receive 都有表示接受的意思。receive 指客观已经发生的情况。它只表明事实上收到某物而不管接受者主观上是否愿意接受。如：Myfather received a letter this morning. 而accept 带有主动或赞许的意味，表示不但收下某物，而且内心也同意接受。如：Please accept my little present.下面这句话可以帮助大家分清两个词的使用域：He received an invitation yesterday but he did not accept it.(他昨天收到一份邀请，但却没有接受。)2. she ignored him解析：由句意可知，她是对丈夫生气了，因而丈夫和她说话时她不予理睬。本题要注意ignore 和neglect 在含义上的差别。Ignore 是故意不理睬别人，而neglect 是表示疏忽(责任等)，并非故意，常和to 连用，如：Dont neglect to lock the door.3. without newspaper解析：本句是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气句，虚拟语气句并不一定全部要用if 条件句引导。很多情况下，一些介词或介词短语，副词短语的出现要求整个句子使用虚拟语气。without 就是其中之一。如：I couldnt have passed this exam without your help.(没有你的帮助，我不可能通过这次考试。)这句话用if 条件句来表达就是I couldnt have passed thisexam if I hadnt had your help. 除了without 外，英语里还有很多这样的词或短语是虚拟语气标志词。如：as if，as though，lest，for fear that，in case，even if，even though，in orderthat，so that，大家在复习虚拟语气语法点的时候要注意总结。4. has exceeded one billion解析：本句意为：据最新的人口普查，中国人口已超过10 亿。本题一是要正确写出数字10 亿，二是要正确选词超过，三是要注意完成时态。5. as many解析：本题考查倍数对等的正确说法，可以用. as +adj. +as.的结构。本句意为：我们已经有10 台录音机了，但是我们还需要10 台。1._ (他们没有去游泳)，they went to play football that day.2.There is no doubt that _ (需求的增长导致了价格的上涨).3.He cannot win a good reputation，_ (因为他多嘴多舌).4.We have reasons to believe that, _ (一个更加光明美好的未来等着我们).5.There are plenty of opportunities for everyone in oursociety，_ (但是只有那些做好充分准备并且高度称职的人)can make use of them toachieve purpose.1. Instead of going swimming解析：原文中“没有”并不一定要对应成didnt，这里我们可以使用insteadof，使译文简洁明了，合乎英语习惯。采用正译法，用英语不带否定词的表达来代替中文的“没有去”。从本题及ExerciseTwo 中的第二题我们可以得出结论：汉译英时，可以灵活变换句型，充分利用英