并列句与复合句.doc

宁师中学“2013年希望之星夏令营”英语导学稿并列句与复合句 （学生版）一、自主练习1. Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.A. whichB. whereC. howD. what2.Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery another man, also intelligent, fails.A. sinceB: ifC. asD. while3. I was glad to meet Jenny again, I didnt want to spend all day with her.A. but B. and C. so D. or4. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house_ I would be staying.A. whatB. whenC. whereD. which5.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A. whose B. that C. who D. which6. One can always manage to do more things, no matter _full ones schedule is in life. A. howB. what C. whenD. where7. He may win the competition, _he is likely to get into the national team.A. in which case B. in that caseC. in what caseD. in whose case8.She says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves.A. ifB. unlessC. afterD. when9._ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.A. WhoeverB. WhateverC. WhicheverD. Wherever.10.He wrote a letter _ he explains what had happened in the accident.A. whatB. whichC. whereD. how11From space, the earth looks blue. This is about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. A. why B. how C. because D. whether12. Its much easier to make friends you have similar interests.A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that13. Read this story, _ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. A. or B. and C. but D. so14. _ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.A. When B. How C. What D. That15. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.A. what B. which C. when D. where二、导学探究1）并列句【典题精选1】解题并思考：空格连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时应填什么？(1) He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. （08广东高考） (2) More women start to work in China _Taiwan, but not as many as it is in Japan.（2010惠州三模）【锦囊妙计1】若两个句子（有两个主谓结构）之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填_词。如果空格连接两个功能对等、平行的单词或短语时，应根据并列、条件、_、_等逻辑填并列连词and，or，but，while，when等。一、 并列复合句“二步”学习法并列复合句（简称并列句）与主从复合句（简称复合句）的区别是：并列句用并列连词连接两个或两个以上的句子，并表示句子与句子之间的并列关系。复合句是一个完整的句子，用连接词连接的从句充当句子的某一个成分，是主从关系。试比较： Come here early , and you will see our manager . （两个句子之间是并列关系，没有从属关系，所以是并列复合句） If you come here early , you will see our manager . （句中If引导的条件状语从句和后面的主句有主从关系，从句从属于主句，所以是主从复合句）二、 掌握并列复合句的连词并列句的连词由单个连词和连词词组两部分组成。1、 由and ,but ,or/or else , so , for 等并列连词把连个简单句连接起来而成为并列复合句。2、 由并列连词词组连接成的并列复合句。常用的并列连词词组有not only but also . , eitheror , neither nor , notbut , bothand , as well as等等2）主从复合句【典题精选2】解题并思考：空格所连接的是哪种句式？(1) .the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to _ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house. （07广东高考） (2) One day, he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. （08广东高考）【典题精选3】解题并思考：空格所连接的是哪种句式？(1) Since the consumer considers the best fruit to be that _ is the most attractive, the grower must provide products that satisfy him. （2010梅州二模）(2) Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display. （09广东高考）【典题精选4】解题并思考：空格所连接的是哪种句式？(1) We understand this lesson best _ we receive gifts of love from children. （2010广东高考）. (2) They promise to take action, _needed, “to maintain financial stability in the euro（欧元）area as a whole.” （2010广州二模）【锦囊妙计2】（1）若两个句子（有两个主谓结构）之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填_词，否则，句子结构就不完整。（2）复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上的_句连接在一起而构成的。即：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句。主句是一个完整的句子，它可以_存在。从句是一个_的句子，它必须由从属连词引导，仅充当主句的一个_。（3）如果判定从属连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用，则为_从句。再根据定语从句的先行词和代表_词的关系词在从句中作什么句子成分，来确定用何关系词，若在从句中作主语或宾语，用关系_，若作状语就用关系_。如：I will never forget the days which we spent in the village. I will never forget the days when we worked in the village. She loves the house whose roof is red.（4）如果判定从属连词所引导的从句起名词的作用（作主语、宾语、表语、同位语），则为_从句，再根据名词性从句的连接词在从句中的意义和作什么句子成分，来确定用什么_词。三、 （5）如果判定从属连词所引导的从句起副词的作用，则为_从句。再根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系或_在从句中作什么句子成分，来确定合适的连词。主从复合句“二步”学习法 主从复合句中的从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句等6种。前四种均相当于一个名词的作用-名词性从句。名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句第一步、掌握复合句的结构以下采用线条和图示的方法介绍复合句的结构：说明：主句：_从句：连接词： 1.主语从句的两种结构： 连接词谓_Who are the winners hasnt been announced .It谓_ 连接词 It hasnt been announced who are the winners .主语从句是整个句子作主语，他可以放在主句的谓语动词之前（结构），但多数情况是it做形式主语（结构），而把主语从句放在主句之后。如果主语从句太长，显得笨重，这是我们就采用结构这种it作形式主语的主从复合句有以下几种结构： It is n. that It is adj. that It is 过去分词 从句 It vt. 宾语 从句It worried /shocked/surprised/delightedthat或It makes no difference that /whetherIt worried me a bit that her hair was turning grey .It shocked me that Peter didnt tell anybody where he was .It makes no difference to me whether he goes there or not . It v. 从句It made adj. thatIt happens/happened that It seems/seemed thatIt appears/appeared that It seemed to him (that) he would never work out the question .It (so) happened that the famous actor was her mother .(The famous actor happened to be her brother .)2.表语从句的结构 _系 连接词The question is whether they have enough time .表语从句：位于系动词之后，整个句子作表语的句子。表语从句对主语进行解释、说明，是主语的内容具体化。表语的从句的结构比较简单，显著特点是从句位于系动词之后。China is no longer what is used to be .He looked just as he had looked ten years before .It sounds as if someone is knocked on the door .Thats because he didnt understand me .Thats why he got angry with me .3.宾语从句的两种种结构： _动、行、介 连接词 _动 it （adj./n.） 连接词Do you know where the boy lives .Im interested in what you said at the meeting .We are glad (that) youve come to join us .The boy has made it clear that he wont give up .We feel it a pity that you wont join us in the game .宾语从句：就是整个从句作及物动词、介词和少数形容词的宾语。当宾语从句之后带有形容词、名词等，一般用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放到句末，此时引导宾语从句的that不能省略。注:从结构上讲，宾语从句特别要注意的是语序和时态。宾语从句要用陈述句的语序。是太主要取决于主句的时态。主句是现在时，从句可以是任何时态。但主句是过去时，从句除了表示客观真理可用现在时外，一律用过去时态。Could you tell me what time it is now ?Nobody knows where she lives .Do you know when they will come back to school ?Mother said that she would buy me a bag .When do you think Mr. Zhang will come back to our company .4.定语从句的三种结构_先行词 连接词This is the pen that I bought last week ._先行词 ，连接词He gave her mother a watch for her birthday , which pleased her a lot .定语从句：整个句子在复合句中作定语，修饰先行词（名词、代词或句子）。结构上分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。学生常会出现的错误：Do you know the girl is standing under the tree ?The boy , often come here to see me , is my brother .The stamp that you give it to me ia valuable .5.同位语从句的结构从结构上讲，同位语从句和定语从句完全一样.区别：同位语从句解释说明先行词（一般是一些比较抽象的名词）的内容，引导词是that，不能用which（引导词后还有其他词），that不充当任何成分：而定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，一般情况下that和which都行，而且在句中充当成分。This is the news which/that our neighbor told us .This is the news that our team won the game .His suggestion that well go for a visit on Saturday is very much .His suggestion that/which he put forward at the meeting is very much .6.状语从句的两种结构 连接词 ，_Because he was very busy , he didnt come here . _ 连接词He didnt come here because he was very busy .状语从句：整个句子在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词和副词等。因此我们可以把状语从句称作副词性从句。状语从句分为时间、地点、原因条件目的结果让步方式和比较状语从句从结构上讲，表示地点、目的、结果、方式、比较的状语从句只能谓语句末。但有些（并非全部）表示时间、条件、让步、原因的状语从句既可以谓语句首，也可以位于句末。位于句首时，一般用逗号与主句隔开。I was watching TV when my mother came in .= when my mother came in ,I was watching TV .If you put your heart into study ,you will make good progress .=you will make good progress if you put heart into study .Although /Though he is very young ,he knows a lot .=he knows a lot although/though he is very young .Young as he is ,he knows a lot .The man was very happy because he had found his lost car .=Because he had found his lost car , the man was happy .状语从句常见错误：误:Although/though he is over seventy , but he is strong .Although/though he is over seventy , yet he is strong . he is strong . he is still strong。Although/though均为连词，不能再重复使用连词but ，但可以用副词yet，still 。类似情况还有because和so不能连用。误：I was walking in the street , suddenly I saw my friend Tom .正：I was walking in the street ，when suddenly I saw my friend Tom正：When I was walking in the street , suddenly I saw my friend Tom .误：Well go boating if it will be fine tomorrow .正：Well go shopping if it is fine tomorrow .正：if it is fine tomorrow Well go shopping .误：As he is very busy ,he is always ready to help us .正：Busy as/though he is ,he is always ready to help us .正：Although/Though he is very busy ,he is always ready to help us .三、课后练习I. 单句填空：在空格处填入一个适当的词。1. European officials hope to avoid the economic disasters _ could become even worse if Greece fails to pay (pay) its debt. (2010广州二模)2. I had been abroad a couple of times, _ I could hardly claim to know my way around the continent.(2010中山市一中第二次统测)3. It was a lesson to me _ its possible to give without expecting anything in return. (2010广州调研)4. It is one of the few places in the world _ the bones and footprints of dinosaurs have been found together. (2010广州一模)5. But each time you try something, you learn, and _ the learning piles up, the world opens to you. (2010中山一中高三统测)6. They entered through the basements of the neighbouring building, digging through a series of tunnels and making a hole into a wall of 80cm thick to get into the bank, _ was having building works at the time. (2010佛山二模)7. “Thank you for _ youve said, I hope I will never be too busy to help others.” (2010深圳一模)8. The old man looked at him straight in the eyes and said, “I looked into their eyes, I found they didnt care, _ told me it would be useless (2010深圳一模)9. This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about _ the mind can deal with pain. (2010届中山市期末考)10. _ is known, failure is the path to success. (2010梅州二模)11. Tickets can be purchased on the Official Ticketing Website of the 16th Asian Games, at ticket outlets_ at venue-based ticket booths during the Games. (2010广东四校联考)12. After 10 hours of labor, he returned to find his bike gone, _ was our only transport. (2010深圳调研)13. The long history of the Chinese Knot dates back to ancient times people first used knots forfastening, wrapping, hunting and fishing. (2010东莞调研)14. Mr. Obama said he understood the tensions _ many students faced. (2010揭阳二模)15. Last year, it was even more embarrassing that the scene _ some drunken employees set fireto one of the tables was viewed by other customers in the restaurant. (2010广东省六校联考)16. Home was only two blocks away _ it was not a pleasant walk with one small boy fast asleep in the pram (手推婴儿车)(2010广州调研)17. He hopes that sharing _ hes been through will help others. (2010佛山一模)18. .the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away _ there was a garage. （07高考题）19. _ the lazy pig reached the finish line in the 12th place the race was over and he was awardedthe final place on the calendar. (2010届湛师附中高三月考)20. In Japan, for example, it is normal for the woman to send chocolates to the man, _ in Korea April 14th is known as “Black Day” (2010江门二模)II. 语篇模拟：阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词。(1) When I put forward the suggestion 1 he go to work in the countryside, he promised to take it intoconsideration. He, 2 name is Wang Lin, just graduated from an agricultural university in Guangzhou. Of course, it will mean living in the countryside for at least three years or more 3 he returns to the city. Wang Lin studied hard at university. Whenever he had time, he would go to the library or reading room to refer toinformation 4 he needed. I would like him to work in the countryside just so that he could help rid people there of hunger by expanding the output of crop. In this way, it will make it possible to get most of people to improve their living condition, 5 is the policy of our country. I know there is little entertainment in the faraway area in the countryside. I shall give him the violin I bought the other day 6 he can play it sometimes.But only 7 he comes to see me this evening, will/shall I give it to him. I shall also tell him to be modest 8 working with the farmers even if he knows more scientific knowledge than they do.Do you think that he will follow my advice? Of course he will. 9 I am not his mother, he always regards me as his. He always believes 10 I say to him.【语篇导读】本文描述的是作者鼓励一个刚从农业大学毕业的年轻人去农村工作，帮助农民提高庄稼产量、改善他们的生活条件，并且希望他和农民们在一起的时候要保持谦虚。 (2) I was very excited 1 the news came that I had won a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to meet the Maoris（毛利人）. Finally, I have safely arrived on the boat Pangaea. Its amazing 2 all of us get the chance to be the captain of it! I thought at first 3 the Maoris were wild men living in a tribe and wearing animal fur. But actually they live just as we do. We came to a hut（小屋）, 4 was decorated with patterns from long ago. 5 we entered, we were told to line up, men following women as an old woman stood in front of the hut singing. After that, the old lady gave us an introduction to the legends of New Zealand 6 the Maoris. The interesting part is that boys learnt 7 to dance the Haka. 8 is more surprising was that after the show, an old Maori lady came to tell me that she had two granddaughters 9 faces looked just like mine! I was so moved by the dances and songs the Maoris have! It is so heartwarming to touch a culture that is so far away, but to 10 you can relate so closely.【语篇导读】本文主要讲述作者去拜访毛利人的所见所闻。 单选题1. Its not easy to change habits, with awareness and self-control, it is possible.A. for B. or C.but D. so2. we have enough evidence. we cant win the case.A,Once B As long as C. Unless D. Since3. struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.A.That B. It C.What D. Which4. Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs you could have problemsA. or B. and C. but D. so5. Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be prot