宾语从句的结构和用法.doc

The Object Clause Revision 请同学们来看下面这几个句子。 I like swimming. 宾语 He has a pen.宾语 My sister wants to be a teacher.宾语 I think he is right.宾语 宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。 主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个 成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中 充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的 从句在全句中作宾语。 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句 由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which， what 和连接副词 where,how,why, when引导的宾语从句 由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句 注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分， 在口语当中往往省略 e.g. I hear that _. （一小时后他会回来） He said that _. （他非常想念我们） The teacher told us that _. （地球围着太阳转） he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun 由连接代词what, whom, whose, which, what及连接 副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句 1. He asked who could answer the question. 谁能回答这个问题） 2. Do you know which is the smaller? .（哪一个比较小） 3. Can you tell me where he is?（他在哪儿） 4. Could you tell me how I can get to the station?（我该怎么去车站） 由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句 e.g. 1. I want to know _. （他是否跟我们一起去公园） 2. Ask him _. （他是否能来） 3. I dont know _.（是否要下雨） if whether he will go to the park with us whether if he can come whether it is going to rain or not 当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if. 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系 陈述句变为引导的宾语从句 e.g. 1. He said, “You are younger than I ”. 2. He says, “Tom is a good student ”. He said that I was younger than him. He says that Tom is a good student. 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系 一般疑问句变为if whether 引导的宾语从句 e.g. She said, “ Do you often come here to read newspaper? ” “Will they go to visit the Great Wall?” he asked. She asked if whether I often came here to read newspaper. He asked if whether they would go visit the Great Wall. （将普通的一般疑问句变成宾语从句if/whether连接，同时变成陈述句语序。） 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系 特殊疑问句变为who, what, when等引导的宾语从句 e.g. 1. He asked, “Where do you live?” 2. “How can we get to the post-office?” he asked. He asked where I lived. He asked how they could get to the post-office. （将普通的特殊疑问句变成宾语从句时，从句的语序要由疑问句变成陈述句的语序。） 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系 祈使句变为引导的宾语从句 e.g. 1. Mr Green said to his son, “Open the door.” 2. the police shouted to him, “Hands up.” Mr Green told his son to open the door. The police ordered him to put up his hands. （将祈使句变为宾语从句时，用ask/tell/order sb not to do sth等转述。） 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系 1、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将 来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任 一种时态。 如： He says Mary is playing with the cat . He says Mary often plays with the cat. He says Mary will play with the cat. I think he left yesterday morning. 注 意： 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系 2、当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时， 宾语从句的动词要用相应的过去时态。 如： He said ,“Mary is playing with the cat.” He said Mary was playing with the cat. He said , “he will go back to China soon.” He said he would go back to China soon. 注 意： 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般过去时 过去完成时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 当主句的谓语动词为一般过去时时，直接引语变为间 接引语的时态变化如下： 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系 3、宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。 e.g. The teacher said , “the moon moves around the sun.” The teacher said that the moon moves around the sun. He said, “ light travels much faster than sound.” He said light travels much faster than sound. 注 意： 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系 4、人称的变化 （1）直接引语中第一人称在间接引语中应与主句的主语人称一致。 She said, “I like tennis.” She said that she liked tennis. 2 直接引语中第二人称在间接引语中应与主句的宾语人称一致。 He said to lily, “You have to get up early .” He told lily that she had to get up early. 3 直接引语中第三人称在间接引语中保持不变。 He said to me, “They want to help him.” He told to me they wanted to help him.” （口诀：一主，二宾，三不变） 注 意： The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. be The headmaster hopes everything _ well. go Tom says that they _ play basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. I hear they _ return it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. be He asked what they _ at eight last night. do The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. travel I think you _ about the relay race now. talk I didnt know whom the letters _ from. be will be goes were playing has returned had been travels are talking were were doing 10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. write 11. Miss Wang told me that the earth _ move round the earth. 12. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? take 13. Ling Feng told me he _ to several times. be 14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. rise 15. Can you tell me what they _ yesterday? do wrote moves has taken has been rises did 将下列句子合并为一句: 1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me? 3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.” Tom said. 6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked. I asked where they stopped on the way. Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting? He asked if they liked to make friends with them. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come back. Jim asked if he was doing his homework. 7. “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me? 9. “Why is the train late?” W