湖北省黄冈市高考英语一轮 阅读理解精品训练题（1）（含解析）.doc

黄冈市2014高考英语一轮（精品）阅读理解训练题（1）附解析阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。asuppose you are a visitor in the land of mongolia（蒙古）, some friends ask you to eat with them. what kind of manners do they want you to have? they want you to give a loud burp（打饱嗝儿）after you finish eating. burping would show that you like your food. in some countries, if you give a big burp, you are told to say “excuse me, please”.in many places people like to eat together. but in some parts of polynesia it is bad manners to be seen eating at all. people show their good manners by turning their backs on others while they eat.what are manners like in an east african town? the people try not to see you. they are being polite. you may see a friend. he may not see you at all. if you are polite, you will sit down beside him. you will wait until he finishes what he is doing. then he will talk to you. manners are different all over the world. but it is good to know that all manners begin in the same way. people need ways to show that they want to be friends.71. in mongolia, burping is a way of showing that _. a . you are impolite b . you enjoyed the meal prepared by the host c . your meal was not enough d . you are friendly with your host72. however, in some countries, if you give a big burp, you are told to say “_” a . im full b . im sorry c . i have had enough d . excuse me, please73. in polynesia, to be polite while eating you should _. a . eat quickly b . sit still c . turn your back on others d . say “be quick, please”74. people in an east african town are being polite by _. a . waiting for a long time before visits b . sitting down beside others c . seeing a friend quickly d . trying not to see you75. we have good manners to show that we _. a . are different from other people b . dont want other people to worry us c . begin all manners in the same way d . want to be friends with other people参考答案-7175 bdcdd *结束c82012江苏卷 medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. one solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the bodyand the body from themuntil they can be released at just the right spot. there are lots of ways to trigger (引发) this release，including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. but triggers can come with their own risksburns, for example. now, researchers in california have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining nearinfrared light (nir, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.the idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isnt new. researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (uv, 紫外线) or visible light. but tissues also readily absorb uv and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. nir light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. but few compounds (化合物) absorb nir well and go through chemical changes. that changed last year when adah almutairi, a chemist at the university of california, san diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs nir light. their polymer used a commercially available nirabsorbing group called onitrobenzyl (onb). when they catch the light, onb groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. but onb is only a soso nir absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.so almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules thats even better. this one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. cresol contains reactive (易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. after polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a lightabsorbing compound called bhc. when the bhcs absorb nir light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. whats more, almutairi says, bhc is 10 times better at absorbing nir than is onb and is not poisonous to cells.63. according to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?a. temperature change. b. nir light. c. acidity change. d. uv light.64. why is onb unsatisfactory?a. it breaks down when it absorbs nir light.b. it falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.c. it has not come onto the market up till now.d. it is not effective enough and could be poisonous.65. which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?a. protected b. formed c. exposed d. combined【要点综述】这是一篇科技文。怎样使用胶囊？如何让吃药更加安全、疗效更好？文章对此做了介绍。63. b信息理解题。根据第一段最后一句“now, researchers in california have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining nearinfrared light (nir，近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.”可知答案。64. d推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“onb groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown.”和“and it could be poisonous to cells”可知答案。65. c信息理解题。根据最后一段第五句“when the bhcs absorb nir light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains.”可知此处用exposed，即c项正确。*结束a(2011福建卷，b)for five days，edmontons downtown park is transformed into one huge stage where artists are able to share their talents，and where people are able to celebrate and enjoy themselves.since its beginning in 1980，the edmonton folk music festival has been commemorating (纪念) the true feeling of what folk music is all about and thats the traditional togetherness(友爱)that is felt when people gather to share stories and feelings through song.this year will be the sixth year when volunteer riedel will be offering up her time to the festival.“people coming off a busy spring and summer have a moment of relaxation.”riedel said.“its really easy to relax，and its great seeing family and friends have fun together.”these families and friends come from all different kinds of musical tastes.people who take pleasure in blues are there，so are people who love bluegrass.this festival does its best to develop everyones musical interests.with so many years of experience，the festival has become a welloiled machine，and does whatever it can to make attendees feel as comfortable as possible.there are free water stations throughout the venue (举办地) for people to fill up their travel cups.when people buy food，reusable dishes are given a $2 plate fee，but that is returned when the plate is brought back.the festival has completely sold out of tickets, and in record time.but with big names such as van morrison and jakob dylan, its easy to see how that was going to happen.there is no parking area during the festival, so using the park & ride system or edmonton transit is highly recommended.a bike lockup area is provided and will be available thursday until sunday one hour before the gates open until 45 minutes after the gates close.the edmonton folk music festival begins on wednesday, aug.4 with van morrison playing the special donation fund (基金)concert, and will finish up on sunday, aug.8.本文主要讲述为了让人们了解民间音乐的真正意义而举办的一个节日the edmonton folk music festival。1the edmonton folk music festival is held mainly to_.agather people with different musical tastesbremind people of the real sense of folk musiccexhibit the good voices of great talents in folk musicdcollect old stories of folk music答案：b。细节理解题。由本文的第一段信息“.the edmonton music festival has been commemorating the true feeling of what folk music is all about.”可知b项正确。2which of the following is true according to the passage?ariedel has volunteered for the festival for at least 5 years.bits hard for people to appreciate blues.cit costs people a little to fill up their cups from water stations.dpeople have to pay 2 for a plate of food.答案：a。推理判断题。由第二段第一句话“this year will be the sixth year when volunteer riedel will be offering up her time to the festival”可推知riedel至少做志愿者五年了，故a项正确。3we can learn from the passage that_.apeople can get tickets easily for the festivalbthe edmonton folk music festival is well organizedcdriving ones own car to the festival is highly recommendeddbikes are available at the festival from wednesday to sunday答案：b。推理判断题。由第三段“with so many years of experience，the festival has become a welloiled machine.”可知该节日组织得井井有条，故b项正确。4what would be the best title for this passage?afolk music of bluesbone festival for allcfestival for family gatheringdedmontons downtown park答案：b。主旨大意题。通读全文可知。文章主要讲述the edmonton folk music festival这一个节日，故b项最佳。b(2011全国卷，c) student membershipcambridge arts cinema cambridge arts cinema is one of the art houses in britain and home of the internationally celebrated cambridge film festival. since 1947 generations of students have discovered the wealth of world cinema. now you too can make the most of it and save money.at_the_arts_you_can.choose from up to 40 films a monthsee up to 8 premieres (首映) each monthcatch screenings when you likewe open early and close lateincrease your knowledge of film with our special eventseach year we run seasons on various types of films and directorsmeet the filmmakerswhat_you_get_as_a_member：invitation to a preview screening (试映)1 off the standard prices (4.50/3. 50) for any screening including special eventsyour own copy of each cinema programme mailed free of chargea card with your own membership number50% off membership to the cambridge darkroom galleryso what are you waiting for? just fill in the form and return it either in person or by post to: box officecambridge arts cinema8 market passagecambridge cn2 3pfit costs 15 to join and your card can be used from 1st october 2011 to 30th june 2012.cinema information: 01223 572929(24hr)box office：01223 504444本文主要介绍剑桥艺术影院以广告的形式吸引更多的会员。5which of the following is the most famous event held at cambridge arts cinema?a. the cambridge film festival.b. meetings with filmmakers.c. the preview screening.d. monthly premieres.答案：a。细节理解题。由第一段第一句可判断a项正确。6if youre a member of cambridge arts cinema, you will enjoy free _.a. darkroom gallery showsb. mailed programmesc. special film eventsd. film shows答案：b。细节理解题。由文中“your own copy of each cinema programme mailed free of charge”可知b项正确。7how long will the membership for cambridge arts cinema last?a. four months. b. eight months.c. nine months. d. one year.答案：c。细节理解题。由文中“.from 1st october 2011 to 30th june 2012”可知答案为c项。8for what purpose is the text written?a. offering students cheaper tickets.b. announcing the opening of a premiere.c. telling the public of the cinemas address.d. increasing the cinemas membership.答案：d。主旨大意题。综观全文可知本文的主要目的是吸引更多的人成为会员。a(2011四川卷，a)its 5：00 in the morning when the alarm (闹钟) rings in my ears. i roll out of bed and walk blindly through the dark into the bathroom. i turn on the light and put on my glasses. the house is still as i walk downstairs while my husband and three kids sleep peacefully. usually i go for a long run, but today i choose my favorite exercise dvd, insanity. sweat pours down my face and into my eyes. my heart races as i force my body to finish each movement. as i near the end of the exercise, i feel extremely tired, but a smile is on my face. its not a smile because the dvd is over, but a smile of success from pushing my body to its extreme limit.some people enjoy shopping, smoking, food, work, or even chocolate. but i need exercise to get through each day. some shake heads when they see me run through the town. others get hurt when i refuse to try just one bite of their grandmothers chocolate cake. they raise their eyebrows, surprised by my “no thank you，” or by my choice to have a salad. over the years, i have learned its okay to just say “no”. i shouldnt feel sorry for refusing food that i dont want to eat.so what drives me to roll out of bed at 5：00 am.？what gives me the reason to just say no to ice cream? commitment. a commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety, increases selfconfidence and energy，extends life and above all improves my body shape.this is the point where a smile appears on my face as i look at myself in the mirror or try on my favorite pair of jeans that now fit just right.its through commitment and sweat that i can make a difference within myself inside and out.一个每天按时起床锻炼身体的女人，一个有着自己个性与喜好的女人，为了保持自己的体型，降低压力，提高自信，坚持着这种日复一日的锻炼，让自己每天都挂着笑容面对生活。1why is there a smile on the authors face in the morning?abecause she sees her family sleeping peacefully.bbecause she finishes her favorite exercise.cbecause she enjoys the interesting dvd.dbecause she feels a sense of achievement.答案：d。细节判断题。根据第一个段落的最后一句话， 先排除c的说法；在本句中“a smile of success of pushing”可以断定其实是一种成就感令她脸上挂着笑容。最大的干扰项可能会是b，但如果细读，会找到关键词“success”。2which of the following is true according to paragraph 2?ashe doesnt treat others politely.bshe likes to make others surprised.cothers dont understand what she dose.dothers try to help her by offering her food.答案：c。细节判断题。从本段的情节来看，选项a，d都相差甚远；而“i need exercise to get through each day”正是表明了作者的喜好，而不是像选项b说的喜欢出奇，故排除b。从“raised their eyebrows, surprised by.”来看，其实别人是感到奇怪而已。3what does the underlined word “commitment” in the last paragraph mean?agood health. bfirm belief.ca strong power. da regular habit.答案：b。词意理解题。从全文的语境信息来看，这么多年，这么坚持，这么享受，而且从“sweat”一词身上也能找到提示，即：坚定的信念与汗水，故选项b最符合语境。4what can we learn about the author from the text?ashe acts in a strange way.bshe wants to look different from others.cshe aims to develop a good body shape.dshe has difficulty getting along with others.答案：c。理解判断题。文章的最后一段中有一句话“above all improves my body shape”，从这句话中可以确定选项c的说法是正确的。b(2011重庆卷，c)getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. however, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.in the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. a particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. by 1538, the french king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. so did the king of england in 1546. thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. henry iv, king of france, was famously dirty. upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.though the belief in the merit of dirt was longlived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since world war .advertisements repeatedly sell