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无忧无虑毕设网 ():毕业设计源码下载 毕业设计源码下载： 本文配套程序下载地址 ： 无忧无虑毕设网 ()-大学生毕业设计站 ,免费毕业设计论文 ,无忧无虑毕设网 大学生毕业设计 ,出售各类毕业设计源码 ,论文 ,程序源码 ,网站源码 ,免费视频教程 ,我们将竭诚为您服务！ 3.Intelligent Test Paper and Algorithm Of questions for the library system can be generated to meet the requirements of the paper is one of the most fundamental function of Requirements. Intelligent Paper to the most effective experts (refer to groups of experienced teachers) knowledge Paper knowledge and experience with computer technology combine to meet the requirements of the papers generated and compared Objective and normative good (to avoid the subjectivity and limitations of the individual)； At the same time, to use and most For the convenience of the operator with little professional requirements. 3.1 Definition of Intelligent Test Paper To achieve intelligent questions Paper Library System, one must first understand a few concepts related. 1) of the definition of intelligent The progress of artificial intelligence technology to the field of computer-aided instruction into a lot of new internal Capacity to develop high-quality intelligent tutoring system has become the field of the current emphasis on computer-aided instruction To the subject. Intelligent with the meaning of both. On the one hand, test library management system should The answer according to the situation of students automatically generated test analysis of statistical data, the user can use this Questions based on the attributes of the amendment. On the other hand, the system should have a certain degree of self-learning function, The past through the analysis of a summary of papers, to guide the users proposition norms and policy questions Slightly. To sum up, the system of smart means: intelligent inquiries, statistical analysis and intelligent Automatic roll. Namely, the use of artificial intelligence technology and rational knowledge Knowledge and efficient reasoning Model to complete the query and statistical analysis as a means of test papers. 2) of the definition of Paper Paper is an important test of the library systems basic functions. Participation by entering a number of conditions Number, the system will be based out of these parameters best suited to the requirements of the test parameters, composition to the actual Use of papers, the definition of such conditions on these parameters and algorithm parameters, we Strategy known as the Paper. Paper is the essence of the strategy are more intuitive to understand the parameters of Paper Converted into a number of computer operations to directly test the properties, and then based on these attributes, the Questions in the test samples in the composition of papers. Therefore, the complete test papers from the three-part strategy group should be Cheng: Test of the definition of attributes, the definition of parameters of test papers, description of algorithm. Typically, the test Volume refers to the user of the test strategy to achieve objectives of the test requirements and restrictions. Is 无忧无虑毕设网 ():毕业设计源码下载 毕业设计源码下载： specific Facilities as follows: Paper conditions one can design a variety of test papers in accordance with the program, according to the Paper Design program, Can be extracted from the questions you want the title, so be satisfied with the papers. In conclusion, the Paper refers to the conditions to meet the test questions come from the questions raised in conformation Into a test required by the user. Its essence is to be compared to an intuitive understanding of the Paper Parameter Replaced by the computer to directly test the properties of the operation, and then based on these attributes of Treasury papers in the composition of collected papers. 3) the definition of Intelligent Test Paper Smart is the intelligent automatic test volume library system must have the core functions of the mouth. In titleMoses Paper to focus on the knowledge of experts in education, the use of artificial intelligence technology, automatically selected from the item bank Optional questions to form a variety of performance requirements to meet the test process. Smart Paper need to have Reasonable knowledge of the knowledge base and efficient model to support reasoning. As a result of the test is used to generate true Examinations are, knowledge base and knowledge of design reasoning model in addition to taking into account the special needs of users Points, but also need to consider the proposition to the test of time, questions the distribution, content distribution, the average pass rate of points and so on, so Smart Paper is a typical constraint Meet the problem solving process. In fact, the Intelligent Paper is the user input as long as the basic test requirements, such as the examination content, difficulty level, questions and requests and so on, the computer can automatically Branch Learn to generate a request in line with the teaching of the papers, so that the content of questions in each chapter of the distribution Even more reasonable, if the inappropriate conditions, the system will give prompt information, and as much as possible Group to meet the conditions of the papers, but also to adjust and to avoid re-title. To sum up, Smart Paper is this: the knowledge of experts in education, the use of artificial intelligence Technology, automatically select the questions from the question bank, the composition of performance requirements to meet a variety of papers. 3.2 Realization of Intelligent Test Paper Intelligent Test Paper Test Paper and usually include. And how to ensure that the papers can generate the greatest The extent to meet the different requirements of users with random, science and rationality, is the group Volume of a hard nut to crack. Particularly in the interactive environment users the speed and quality of the Papers requirement High, such as the subject should have the diversity, breadth, reliability and stability. As a result, a Paper system for users is an important role. 3.2.1 Common methods of Intelligent Test Paper Test papers of any examination of the core system design is also part of the most difficult to achieve. There are several into Paper reactive approach of the intelligent, as follows: Smart is the intelligent automatic test volume into library systems must have the core functionality. Moses 无忧无虑毕设网 ():毕业设计源码下载 毕业设计源码下载： Can roll into the knowledge base need to have a reasonable knowledge and efficient model to support reasoning. Generated as a result of Papers for the real exam, knowledge base and knowledge of design reasoning model to take into account in addition to Characteristics of the users needs, but also need to consider the proposition to the test of time, questions the distribution of Content distribution,score, the average pass rate of points and so on request. Knowledge of the main design thinking Think it is in a given range of error into the volume every time the request is to establish relations. Knowledge push Mathematical model of the main topics is based on the time index, if the test of time selected indicators Error in a given context, on the view that it is acceptable. The design of their corresponding pre-score Time, weight, priority. Smart Paper is a typical constraint satisfaction problem solving process. Paper is a test Library system and basic functions. Intelligent Test Paper focused on the knowledge of experts in education, the use of artificial Intelligence technology to automatically select the item from the item bank, the composition of performance requirements to meet a variety of papers. Chapter-based and knowledge-based approach at the two test papers to make them more close to teachers Habits and thinking questions, questions from time to time in the establishment of the field indicate where the chapters of each title and the A knowledge point. In order to avoid the subject of the same content in the papers appear in the different questions, questions Additional term of two words and semantic fields. Paper when the election of each item together, we must study Whether the election of its own examination of the same words and semantic words, if the same are not adopted. As a result of Network platforms open examinations, in order to ensure the confidentiality of examination papers, questions the need for multiplexing time interval Separated with certain restrictions. To this end, the use of the recent, at least using algorithms in order to avoid duplication of questions Rate. Model of random selection algorithm using a binomial distribution, it makes more difficult the questions selected in line with the Requirements and showed a normal distribution. In order to achieve intelligent, random selection model system has become a New difficulties in the huge databank of examination questions selected in line with the difficulty of the questions asked related to Papers of the average difficulty of questions and the difficulty of the issue of each title. System is the binomial distribution Algorithm, because the probability of randomly selected questions are not dependent on the results of other pumping title, for each Road test in terms of only two possibilities: to be or not to be drawn out, with the randomness. It can be Random events that title in line with the discrete random variable of binomial distribution function. K in the model That the degree of difficulty, p that the difficulty level for the probability of k, that is, for the k-level problem in the total number of share The proportion that the average difficulty of examination papers. Because the binomial distribution for the fixed, when k increases First, monotonic increase in the probability p to the maximum, and then monotonous decrease in the probability of two very small can Neglected. Therefore, in the actual calculation, if the set is divided into five difficulty levels on admission n = 6, The difficulty of a total of seven can be difficult to derive for each title in the total number 无忧无虑毕设网 ():毕业设计源码下载 毕业设计源码下载： of questions in the proportion of p, then Multiplied by the total number of questions that should be taken to be the difficulty of each of the questions a few. If the calculated number of questions The title number is not provided and so the difference will be added to the average degree of difficulty and the difficulty of the closest. By Here, the difficulty of the questions selected to meet the requirements and were normal vaginal. In order to achieve the Intelligent Paper to improve the performance of the examination system, the system cited in the Paper Expert knowledge into the overcast, the system quickly and efficiently to the customer satisfaction group of papers, the realization of Paper-chi Can and automation. Smart Paper is a knowledge-based systems 191 (a knowledge-based System). Knowledge is knowledge-based system to determine a major factor, is a through explanation, Classification and the use of structured information. In this study, the field of knowledge can be summarized as three types Side. 1) describe the nature of knowledge: in the field for the characterization of the basic concepts and definitions； 2) the process of knowledge: for depiction on the concept of the field of operation； 3) The element of knowledge: the process used to control knowledge and application of descriptive knowledge. ICAI 12 Chong A key issue is the Intelligent Test Paper Test. At present, two types of commonly used test papers is as follows: 1) in the test library to meet the conditions of random search questions, be satisfied until the total number of questions For far. This method has a lot of randomness and uncertainty, easy to fall into the most local Optimal solution and the solution of slow. 2) whole volume random extraction method. The shortcomings of this method is unable to meet the requirements of ever-changing questions. In recent years, cases of genetic algorithms (genetic algorithms) as a global optimization search Algorithm is widely used. In accordance with the laws of nature that it can select from a group of more adaptive Large individual, in order to get the optimal solution, with a self-organizing, adaptive and intelligent self-learning and other special Levy. Access to the substance of an intelligent system is a computer simulation of human intelligence activities, intelligence activities is a Access to knowledge and application of knowledge of the process, which requires the knowledge of people converted to dollars Computer can accept the form. Knowledge will be converted to a specific data structure of a set of agreed Knowledge representation is the so-called four. Good knowledge representation in artificial intelligence systems can improve the solution Summary of the level and efficiency issues, and even some of the problems, mainly in artificial intelligence in the search for appropriate When the said method. 3.2.2 papers scorescore paper refers to the totalpapers assigned to each test. This can be done Teachers to use their experience may also be carrying their own complete system automatically. Smart Paper is automatically score A part of. There are two automatic program score: First Paper strategy parameter method, that is, in the Test Paper Strategy papers to the system in the unit value of the questions and the questions in the target layer The proportion of the scores of times: first, the difficulty level to the provisions of re-separation of powers conferred. In this latter condition, Score allocation strategy designed to do: at the same level of difficulty of 无忧无虑毕设网 ():毕业设计源码下载 毕业设计源码下载： separation of powers vested with the same emphasis, the title Scores with the answer is directly proportional to the reference time； different in different level of difficulty of re-separation of powers conferred under By adding some of the difficulty level of the subject in the proportion of total adjustment. This will enable the The same period of time required and the difficulty level of different topics, the number of fully with the title of the difficulty level Given weight is proportional to the separation of powers. This method of distribution Score flexible, can support different types of And practice examination. 3.2.3 Analysis Strategy Paper Strategy Paper Paper who is able to control a variety of conditions and parameters of the design team Paper Volume is based on the design of the Test Paper program can be extracted from the questions you want the title, which Be satisfied with the papers. 1. Paper drawn parameters Paper control parameters to determine the test database system a prerequisite for Paper. The assessment to Executable into the system for the Test Paper Test Paper process control parameter is the key link. Questions on the test database libraries of the organizations are as follows: the contents of the test subjects into if Dry point of knowledge, each knowledge point of distribution point for examination of the knowledge questions. Interface in the Paper, VB6.0 using the TR-Wei E ridiculed EW control tree structure to generate, test subjects are a subset of nodes Knowledge points, 2 points for each knowledge sub-nodes: classes and school. Classes and school This is a two-node editable by the assessment according to the outline and fill in the teaching situation. Department of Manpower requirements in accordance with the teaching of reasoning questions point to determine the distribution of knowledge and degree of difficulty, according to school there The share of fixed-point score of knowledge. Point knowledge score, the distribution and the difficulty of questions is the known coefficient Knowledge points, control parameters of the test papers. Questions which refer to the current distribution of knowledge used in the assessment which Several questions of the composition and value of each share of questions. Point system based on knowledge of all test papers Control parameters extracted from the data bank of knowledge examination in all papers at the composition of the test. Paper reasoning to identify the control parameters, first of all to create a SOLesrver020 Necessary function of the stored procedures and views, and then use SQL statement and the assignment statements These statements call the cycle has been established in view of functions and stored procedures. Including the establishment of View getfact, the establishment of storage function reach _example, the establishment of storage function rule_reaso ning, Storage function paPerPara_judge, the establishment of pseudo-function mpater_par. On this basis the system will automatically point the knowledge requirements of school and teaching factual knowledge as The fact that knowledge into Knowledge Galerkin ctdatabase). Percentile point of all knowledge is based on knowledge point school Determined at the time. Papers based on knowledge of the total points score by the 无忧无虑毕设网 ():毕业设计源码下载 毕业设计源码下载： ratio of hours allocated to each according to knowledge Point, thus completing the determination of test scores. Reasoning questions point to determine the distribution of knowledge and degree of difficulty of the process parameters using the Paper Knowledge Base knowledge base and case, case-based reasoning and rule-based hybrid approach. Reasoning process is the fact that price Knowledge ctdatabase), the rules of Knowledge (ruledatabase), control Knowledge System (controldalabase) and Knowledge Base case (exampledatabase) the basis for progress . The specific process of reasoning as follows: 1) the use of eg tafCt Knowledge obtained from the factual point of the current knowledge of teaching and learning requirements When writing a temporary knowledge base. 2) the use of G Petoint points based on current knowledge of the school to calculate its score. 3) er ach _exaPmel code to the current examination, the current knowledge point code And current knowledge of the teaching requirements of point-source conditions for the retrieval, retrieval case Knowledge. If seizure Cable to the case knowledge can be encoded to obtain control parameters Paper, turn ； If the Knowledge Base case There is no relevant records, to the heart. 4) the use of m le_erasnoing, the contents of a temporary knowledge base (classes) to match Knowledge of the rules triggered by the rules of access to knowledge. At the same time, in order to trigger the concluding part of the rules of knowledge Knowledge of content updates transient. 5) the use of p aepprar _judge trigger rules to determine the conclusion of whether knowledge is Paper coding control parameters. If so, turn 6)； otherwise, to 4). 6) the use of pseudo-mp coffee _para Paper obtained the inference control parameters encoded into Questions the current knowledge point of distribution and degree of difficulty. Paper that interpreted the above-mentioned coding control parameters that Knowledge points can be pro-rata allocation of scores to the various questions that the questions point to determine the distribution of knowledge, At the same time point in accordance with the coding knowledge to determine the degree of difficulty. Reasoning process flow chart shown in Figure 3-1. 2. Paper strategy matrix structure Item Bank System Strategy Paper Source Paper strategy a negative matrix, such as the formula 3-1 matrix as shown in Paper strategy. Set of n-dimensional vector (Score a1, the difficulty of a2, knowledge point a3 Cognitive classification a4, questions a5, by the time a6, discrimination a7), ai is the first one refers to Subscript. Composed of a paper on the generation of a mxn matrix, m is the paper which contained questions Number, n is the n indicators papers. Strategy Paper to meet the following matrix should be bound by the conditions of 28: the formula (3 a 2) the difficulty of questions Constraint formula, the formula BU (3-3) questions the distinction between constraint formula, the formula (3-4) questions about questions Beam formula. 无忧无虑毕设网 ():毕业设计源码下载 毕业设计源码下载： 3. 智能组卷及组卷算法 对试 题 库 系统来说，能生成符合要求的试卷是一项最根本的功能要求。智能组卷能最有效地把专家们 (指有丰富经验的教师群体 )的知识和组卷经验与计算机技术结合在一起，生成符合要求的试卷且比较客观和规范性好 (避免个人的主观性和局限性 )；同时，使用起来又最为方便，对操作人员几乎没有什么专业上的要求。 3.1智能组卷的定义 要实 现 试 题库系统的智能组卷，首先必须了解相关的几个概念。 1 )智能化的定义 人工智能技术的进展为计算机辅助教学领域注入了很多新的内容，研制高质量的智能 教学系统己成为当前计算机辅助教学领域的重要课题。智能化具有两方面的含义。一方面，试题库管理系统应该能根据学生的答题情况自动生成试卷分析统计数据，用户可以以此为依据修正试题的属性。另一方面，系统应具备一定的自我学习功能，通过对以往所出试卷的分析总结，去指导用户的命题规范和出题策略 .综上所述 ，本系统中“智能”是指 :智能查询、统计分析和智能全自动成卷。即利用人工智能技术中合理的知识库和高效的知识推理模型来完成查询和统计分析、组卷的一种手段 . 2) 组卷的定义 组卷是试题库系统的重要的基本的功能 .通过输入一些条件 参数，系统将根据这些参数抽出最适合参数要求的试题，组成能够实际使用的试卷，定义这种条件参数以及对这些参数进行变换算法，我们称之为组卷策略。组卷策略的实质是将对人比较直观明了的组卷参数变换成计算机能够直接操作的试题属性项，然后根据这些属性项，在题库中抽取试题组成试卷。因此，完整的组卷策略应该由三部份组成 :试题属性项定义、组卷参数的定义、变换算法的说明。通常，试卷策略指用户对试题所要达到的测试目标所做的规定和限制。具体实施为 :组卷人能够按照多种条件设计组卷方案，根据设计的组卷方案，可以从题库中抽取想要的题目，从 而得到满意的试卷。综上所述，组卷是指将对满足试卷条件的试题从题库中提出来构成一份用户所需要的试卷。其实质是将人比较直观明了的组卷参数变换成无忧无虑毕设网 ():毕业设计源码下载 毕业设计源码下载： 计算机能够直接操作的试题属性项，然后根据这些属性项库中抽取试题组成试卷。 3)智能组卷的定义智能自动成卷是智能化试题库系统必须具备的核心功能口。在题 “智能组卷”集中教育专家的知识，运用人工智能技术，自动从题库中选择试题，组成满足各种性能要求的试卷的过程。“智能组卷”需要有合理的知识库和高效的知识推理模型支持。由于生成的试卷是用于真正的考试，知识库和知识推理模型的设计除了 要顾及到用户的需求特点之外，还需要考虑到有关考试的命题时间、题型分布、内容分布、赋分、平均分和及格率等等的要求，因此智能组卷是一个典型的约束满足问题的求解过程。其实，智能组卷就是用户只要输入最基本的考试要求，如考试内容，难度等级，题型和要求等，计算机能自动地科学地生成一份合乎教学要求的试卷，使试题的内容在各篇章的分布上比较合理均匀，如果条件不合适，系统会给出提示信息，并尽可能地组出满足条件的试卷，还可进行调整并避免出现重题。“综上所述 ，智能组卷就是 :集中教育专家的知识，运用人工智能技术，自动从题库中选择试 题，组成满足各种性能要求的试卷。 3.2智能组卷的实现 智能组卷通常包括组卷和赋分。而如何保证生成的试卷能最大程度地满足用户的不同要求，并具有随机性、科学性、合理性，是组卷的一个难点。尤其在交互环境下用户对组卷速度和质量的要求极高，如题目应具有多样性、广泛性、可靠性和稳定性等。因此，一个组卷系统对于用户而言是有重要的作用的。 3.2.1常见的智能组卷的几种方式 组卷是任何考试系统设计的核心也是最难实现的部分。有几种成功的智能化的组卷方式，如下所示 :智能 全 自 动成卷是智能化试题库系统必须具备的核心功能。智 能成卷需要有合理的知识库和高效的知识推理模型支持。由于生成的试卷是用于真正的考试，知识库和知识推理模型的设计除了要顾及到用户的需求特点之外，还需要考虑到有关考试的命题时间、题型分布、内容分布、赋分、平均分和及格率等等的要求。知识库设计的主要思想是在给定误差范围内把一切成卷的要求都与时间建立关系。知识推理模型中选题的主要根据就是时间指标，如果被选中试题的时间指标在给定的误差范围内，就认为它是可以接受的。设计其相应的预赋分、时间、权重、优先级。智能 组 卷 是一个典型的约束满足问题的求解过程。组卷是试题库系统的 重要基本的功能。智能组卷集中教育专家的知识，运用人工智能技术，自动从题库中选择试题，组成满足各种性能要求的试卷。提无忧无虑毕设网 ():毕业设计源码下载 毕业设计源码下载： 供 基 于 章节和基于知识点两种组卷方式，使之更接近教师的出题习惯和思路，在建立题库时有相应的字段标明每题所在章节和所属知识点。为了避免同一内容的题目在试卷的不同题型中出现，题库增设了关键词和语义词两个字段。组卷时，每选一道试题，都要考察其是否与己选试题的关键词和语义词相同，若相同则不予采纳。由于网络考试平台的开放性，为了保证试卷的保密，需对试题复用时间间隔加上一定的限制。为此，采用最近、最少用 算法以避免试题的重复率。随机选题模型使用的是二项分布算法，它使得所选试题难度符合要求并呈正态分布。为了达到智能化，随机选题模型就成为系统的一个新难点，如何在庞大的试题库中选出符合难度要求的试题，涉及到试卷的平均难度、题型及每一题的难度问题。系统采用的是二项分布算法，因为随机抽出的试题概率都不依赖于其它抽题的结果，对于每道试题而言只有两种可能 :被抽出或不被抽出，具有随机性。所以可认为随机抽题事件符合离散型随机变量的二项分布函数。在模型中 k表示难度，p表示难度级别为 k的概率，即级别为 k在总题数中所占的比例表示试 卷的平均难度。因为对于固定的二项分布，当 k增加时概率 p先是单调增加至最大值，然后单调减少，两头的概率很小可以忽略。所以在实际计算中，如果设定难度级别分为五级，就取 n=6，共 7级难度，即可求出每种难度的试题在总题数中所占的比例 p，再乘以总题数即得到每种难度应该抽取的试题数。如果计算出的题数与所规定的题数仍不等，则将差额加到与平均难度最接近的难度中。由此，所选试题难度符合要求并呈正态分布阴。为 了实 现 组卷的智能化，提高考试系统的性能，在组卷系统中引入专家知识阴，使系统快速高效地组出用户满意的试卷，实现组卷 智能化、自动化。智能组卷系统是一个知识基系统 191(以知识为基础的系统 )。知识是决定一个知识基系统的主要因素，是一种经过解释，分类和使用的结构化信息。在研究中，可把领域知识归纳为三种类型侧 . 1)描述性知识 :用于刻划领域中的基本概念和定义 ； 2)过程性知识 :用于刻划关于领域中概念的操作 ； 3) 元知识 :用于控制对过程性知识和描述性知识的应用。