宫东风老师英汉对照A计划(7月1日——7月31日).doc

附件1：宫东风老师英汉对照A计划（7月1日7月31日）宫东风老师英汉对照A计划第1篇、第2篇Single motherhood still rejected by most Americans, poll finds1Even as theyve grown more comfortable with same-sex or unmarried couples raising children, most Americans still view single mothers as detrimental to society, according to a new poll of attitudes toward the countrys soaring number of non-traditional families. 2Most types of non-traditional families are broadly accepted or at least tolerated, including same-sex couples with kids, unmarried parents and childless women, according to a poll from the Pew Research Centers Social and Demographic Trends. But many people still draw the line when it comes to single motherhood. 3The poll illustrates how dramatically attitudes have changed from the not-so-distant past when the typical family was a married couple with children and virtually every other kind of family was considered abnormal. Today nuclear families make up barely one in five households in the United States, census statistics show. And nearly four in 10 births are to unmarried women, according to the National Center for Health Statistics. 4People arent embracing these changes, but they are accepting them, said Rich Morin, a senior editor at the Pew Center and author of the report. The days when people were made to wear a scarlet letter or were shunned after a divorce are ancient history. 5The poll asked about 2,700 people their thoughts about seven trends in modern relationships that are upending what used to be considered the traditional family: unmarried parents raising children; gay couples raising children; single mothers; partners living together outside of marriage; working mothers; interracial marriage; and women who never bear children. 6The poll results suggest that Americans fall largely into three equally sized camps. 7Roughly a third said the trends have no impact on society or are positive. 8Another third considered most of the changes harmful to society. 9The third group tended to accept all the changes except for single motherhood. Andrew Cherlin, a Johns Hopkins University sociologist who studies families, said the Pew poll underscores the widespread acceptance of two-parent families, of almost any ilk. 10Working mothers are acceptable to almost everybody, he said. Two parents who are unmarried are tolerated or acceptable. But many people, including single parents themselves, question single-parent families. Theres still a strong belief that children need two parents. 民意调查发现，单身母亲仍遭大多数美国人拒绝1根据一项针对人们对美国非传统家庭数量飙升的态度的民意调查，即使大多数美国人对同性或未婚伴侣抚养孩子已经越来越接受，但他们仍然认为，单身母亲对社会不利。 2据皮尤研究中心社会和人口趋势项目进行的民意调查，大多数非传统家庭形态被人们广泛接受，或者至少能够容忍包括抚养孩子的同性伴侣、未婚父母，以及无子女的女性，但许多人在涉及单身母亲问题时，仍然与之划清界限。 3传统家庭是指已婚夫妇，以及他们的孩子，而除此之外的每种形态的家庭，都被认为是非正常的。该民调表明，与不算太遥远的过去相比，人们的态度有了巨大的转变。人口普查局数据显示，如今，核心家庭只占到美国家庭的五分之一。全国卫生统计中心统计，新生儿中有近十分之四都是未婚女性生的。 4皮尤研究中心的资深编辑以及该报告的作者里奇莫林说：“人们不支持这些变化，但他们能接受。人们在离婚后被迫戴着红字或被人们避开的日子，已成为了古老的历史。” 5该民调调查了约2700人，询问他们对颠覆曾被认为是传统家庭的7种现代关系趋势的看法：未婚父母抚养孩子；同性伴侣抚养孩子；单身母亲；婚外同居的伴侣；工作的母亲；跨种族婚姻；以及从未有孩子的女性。 6该民调结果表明，美国人大多分为3种势均力敌的阵营。 7大约三分之一的人说，这些趋势对社会没有影响，或者它们是积极的。 8还有三分之一的人认为，大多数改变会危害社会。 9另外三分之一的人倾向于接受除了单身母亲以外的所有变化。约翰斯霍普金斯大学研究家庭问题的社会学家安德鲁彻林说，皮尤研究中心的民调强调了人们对几乎所有类型的双亲家庭的广泛接受。 10他说：“对于几乎每个人而言，工作的母亲是可以接受的。未婚双亲可以容忍或接受。但包括单身父母在内的许多人都质疑单亲家庭。人们仍坚定地认为，孩子需要双亲。” GONG DONG FENG宫东风老师英汉对照A计划第3篇A course by any other nameNever mind the environment, build more greens 1An acute shortage of water, say Beijing officials, is one important reason for limiting the citys growth. Rarely in recent memory has water scarcity been so apparent as this winter, which saw 108 dry days before snowfall on February 9ththe latest to arrive in 60 years. When it comes to water-hungry golf courses, however, a blind eye is turned. 2Golf has been a favoured sport of the elite since the 1980s. To make the pursuit more palatable to xenophobes, the state media ran stories brazenly claiming that the game was invented in China hundreds of years before the Scots had ever heard of it.3By 2004, the golf craze was getting embarrassing. Not just in the capital, perennially afflicted by drought, but nationwide a profusion of golf courses was eating up scarce farmland. The government banned the building of new courses. Beijing already boasted 38, but they appear to have been far from enough to satisfy demand. In January Southern Weekend reported that construction in the capital, as elsewhere, defiantly continues apace. 4The newspaper said that telephone directories alone showed the existence of more than 60 courses in Beijing; other materials suggest 73. A recent aerial survey by the government confirmed 170 golfing establishments (including driving ranges), of which at least 70 were illegal. Developers appear to have got away with it simply by not calling them golf courses. 5For all the fretting about this winters drought, Beijing shows little sign of renewing the onslaught on golf (or on skiing, another popular pastime around Beijing, for which snow is created artificially). The drought has hit eight provinces that produce much of Chinas wheat. Crop-damage could send already fast-climbing food prices much higher. The game, though, goes on. 假借任何名义的高尔夫球场1北京的官员说，供水的严重不足是制约这个城市发展的一个重要原因。这个冬天的供水紧张是近年来最为明显的，在2日9日降雪之前曾经连续108天未出现降水这个冬天的降雪是60年来最迟的。不过，当涉及耗水量巨大的高尔夫球场时，官员们却对问题视而不见。2自上世纪80年代以来，高尔夫球就一直是精英阶层青睐的一项运动。为了让这项消遣对于排外人士更具亲和力，国家媒体刊登文章，大言不惭地声称，在几百年前苏格兰人还从未听说过高尔夫球一词的时候，中国人就发明了这项运动。3到2004年，高尔夫球的狂热遭遇到尴尬。不仅在常年被干旱困扰的首都，甚至在全国各地，都出现了大量的高尔夫球场，这些球场吞噬着珍贵的农田。于是政府禁止新建高尔夫球场。北京当时已经拥有38座球场，但是它们似乎仍远远不能满足需求。南方周末1月份报道说，与其他地方一样，北京的高尔夫球场建设公然在继续快速进行着。 4这家报纸说，单是电话查号台的资料就显示北京有超过60座高尔夫球场，其他信息则表明北京有73座。政府最近进行的一次空中调查证实当地有170多座高尔夫球场(包括练习场)，其中至少70座是非法的。开发者似乎只要不把这些场所称为高尔夫球场，就可以瞒天过海。5尽管人们对于这个冬天的干旱有着这样那样的烦恼，但是北京没有显示出要重新严控高尔夫球场或是滑雪场的迹象。(滑雪是北京周边另一项受欢迎的消遣，滑雪场用的雪是人造的。)今年的干旱还袭击了其他8个省份，它们都是中国小麦的主要产区。粮食歉收可能会使本来已在迅速上涨的食品价格涨得更高。尽管如此，球还是继续要打的。GONG DONG FENG宫东风老师英汉对照A计划第4篇London tops world cities spending league1London beat Tokyo, New York and Paris to be the highest grossing city for retail sales in 2010, according to a study of 22 major worldwide shopping destinations by Britains Centre for Retail Research.2The study, commissioned by online shopping comparison website Kelkoo, found London generated 64.2 billion pounds of non-food retail sales last year.3The key to Londons success appears to be the quality and quantity of shops on offer, combined with the revenue generated by the huge volume of tourists that passes through, said Kelkoo marketing director Chris Simpson.4Londons 26,000 stores house 138 of the worlds 250 leading retail brands, compared with an average of 90 across the cities surveyed. It attracts around 14.1 million overseas tourists, some 4 million more than its nearest rival.5London was also the top city for internet shopping, with 9.9 billion pounds of sales last year.6Tokyo was a close second in the overall standings, with total non-food retail sales of 61.4 billion pounds, ahead of New York on 47 billion and Paris on 46.6 billion.全球购物之都伦敦居首1根据英国零售研究中心进行的一项对全球22个主要购物城市的研究,伦敦力压东京、纽约和巴黎,成为2010年零售总额最高的城市。2该研究发现,伦敦去年的非食品类零售额达642亿英镑(约合1030亿美元译者注)。该研究是受一家网购比较研究网站Kelkoo委托进行的。3Kelkoo网站营销主管克里斯辛普森说:“看来伦敦成功的关键在于商店所提供商品的质量和数量,还有途经伦敦的大量旅游者所创造的收入。”4伦敦的2.6万家商店拥有全球250个著名零售品牌中的138个,而接受调查的城市平均拥有90个。这吸引了大约1410万名境外旅游者,比位列第二的城市多了大约400万人。5伦敦还是网络购物最多的城市,去年的销售额为99亿英镑。6在总排行方面,东京位居第二,非食品类零售总额为614亿英镑,领先于纽约的470亿英镑以及巴黎的466亿英镑。GONG DONG FENG宫东风老师英汉对照A计划第5篇Inmate in Wash. state pleads guilty to 49th murder1One of the nations most prolific killers pleaded guilty Friday to killing a 49th person.2Gary Ridgway already is serving 48 life terms at the Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla. He entered his plea at the Regional Justice Center in Kent, a Seattle suburb.3Ridgway, who has been dubbed the Green River Killer, confessed to killing Rebecca Becky Marrero in 1982 as part of a 2003 plea deal that spared him the death penalty.4Ridgway, who was a truck painter, has been convicted of 48 murders and confessed to or been suspected of dozens more. Several victims were dumped in or posed along the Green River.5He preyed upon women and girls at the margins of society runaways, prostitutes and drug addicts strangled in a spree that terrorized Seattle and its south suburbs in the 1980s.6Ridgway, who turned 62 on Friday, was charged with murder on Feb. 7. He was brought from the state prison for the arraignment, where he sat handcuffed and shackled around his legs.7Ridgway was arrested in 2001 after advances in DNA technology enabled authorities to link a saliva sample he gave authorities in 1987 to some of the bodies. He pleaded guilty two years later, agreeing to help authorities locate as many remains as possible.He is serving life without release in solitary confinement at the state prison, where hes allowed out of his cell one hour a day four times a week. 美杀人恶魔承认杀害49人1美国历史上杀人最多的杀手之一周五承认杀害了第49人。2加里里奇韦目前在沃拉沃拉的华盛顿州监狱服48个终身监禁。他在西雅图郊区肯特的一个地方司法中心进行了抗辩。3里奇韦被称为“绿河杀手”,作为2003年达成的一份免除其死刑的认罪协议的一部分,他承认于1982年杀害了丽贝卡“贝姬”马雷罗。4里奇韦曾是一名卡车喷漆工,他被判谋杀48人,此外,他自己承认或涉嫌杀死的还有数十人。数名受害者的尸体被遗弃在河里或河边。5他将处在社会边缘的女人和女孩离家出走者、妓女和吸毒者作为犯罪目标,将她们大批勒死,在20世纪80年代的西雅图及南部郊区造成恐慌。6里奇韦今天度过了他62岁的生日。他2月7日被指控谋杀,从州监狱被押往法庭接受审讯。在法庭上,他戴着手铐和脚镣。72001年,DNA技术的进步使有关当局得以将里奇韦1987年提供的唾液样本与一些尸体联系起来,里奇韦随即遭到逮捕。他于两年后认罪,并同意帮助当局找到尽可能多的受害人尸体。他目前正在州监狱中服无期徒刑,不能获保释。他在狱中被单独监禁,每周有4天可以每天放风1小时。GONG DONG FENG宫东风老师英汉对照A计划第6篇Michael Jackson estate earns $310 mln in revenue1Michael Jacksons estate has generated $310 million in revenue from album sales, a film, merchandising and other products since the singer died in 2009, according to court papers filed on Thursday.2His estates administrators have used $159 million to pay down the pop stars debt, which when Jackson died amounted to more than $400 million, court records show.3Although there remain unresolved creditor claims, pending litigation and additional legal issues, the executors have made substantial progress in reducing the estates debt, the documents state.4The records are the most detailed accounting of the finances of Jacksons estate from his death until December 31, 2010.5Jacksons 1982 release Thriller remains the best selling album of all time. Industry players think his estate can generate cash for years to come, just as dead stars like John Lennon and Elvis Presley continue to rake in millions.6Among the projects making money for Jacksons estate are the new album Michael, and the concert movie This Is It,. Various merchandising and licensing deals have also swelled the coffers. 杰克逊遗产收入已超三亿美元1周四提交法院的文件显示,迈克尔杰克逊在2009年去世后,唱片销量、关于他的一部电影以及周边商品为他带来了3.1亿美元的收入。2他的遗产管理者花了1.59亿美元支付这位流行天王的债务。法庭记录显示,杰克逊死时身负超过4亿美元债务。3文件说,尽管还有尚未解决的债务纠纷、诉讼和其他法律问题,不过,遗产管理者为减少债务所做的工作成绩显著。4这些记录是杰克逊去世后到2010年12月31日期间遗产财政状况最详细的账目。5杰克逊1982年专辑战栗一直是最畅销的唱片。业内人士认为,他的遗产能在很长时间继续获得进账,就像约翰列侬、猫王等已去世明星一样。6为杰克逊不断创收的是新唱片专辑迈克尔,以及关于他音乐会的电影就是这样。其他周边产品和专利使用权使用协定也带来了收入。GONG DONG FENG宫东风老师英汉对照A计划第7篇、第8篇Navys biggest ship takes to the water1The biggest ship ever built for the Royal Australian Navy has been launched amid pomp and ceremony at the northern Spanish port of Ferrol.2HMAS Canberra and the HMAS Adelaide are amphibious assault ships being built by a Spanish ship-building company, and they are not expected to be in service for three years.3While they are based on an off-the-shelf aircraft carrier design, the ships are billed as a whole lot more.4They do not come cheaply, at about $1.5 billion each, with many billions more being spent on support vessels.5As HMAS Canberras massive hull slipped into the water in Ferrol following the obligatory champagne christening, a new era in Australias defence also got underway.6Vice Admiral Russell Crane says while HMAS Canberra looks like an aircraft carrier, it is something else altogether.7He says that instead of fixed-wing aircraft the decks will be filled with helicopters. Well be able to launch six helicopters from the deck at a single period in time, and carry another six in the hangars, he said. It has significant capability, but it needs to be seen for what it is.8It is an amphibious ship that provides assistance across the board in very many different places where you need this sort of capability.9Vice Admiral Crane says it is a proud day for the Navy.10On the massive open decks below, landing craft will be able to ferry large numbers of fighting vehicles to the shore - from a tank, a truck, to a simple four-wheel drive, he said.11The ship is designed for a force of 1,000 soldiers, fully-equipped and supported.12On hand for its unveiling was former government defence minister Brendan Nelson, who is now Australias ambassador in Brussels and to NATO.13I feel like the proud father at the birth of a baby, because we made this decision in 2007 to buy two of these landing helicopters docks and these ships will transform the capability of Australias defence forces, he said.14They will be absolutely magnificent for Australia in disaster relief, in crisis intervention. This is just a transformation of Australias defence capability.15The ships final fit-out will be completed in Williamstown in Victoria, and their 40 years of service is expected to start in 2014.海军最大军舰下水1澳大利亚皇家海军最大的军舰日前在西班牙北部港口费罗尔隆重下水。2皇家海军的“堪培拉”号军舰和“阿德莱德”号军舰是由一家西班牙公司制造的两栖攻击舰,它们在三年内不会参加服役。3虽然它们是根据现有的航空母舰设计的,但据说它们在整体性能上更胜一筹。4它们的造价不菲,每艘约15亿美元,这还不算支援舰的花费。5随着“堪培拉”号的庞大身躯在传统的香槟洗礼仪式后滑入水中,澳大利亚国防的新时代也宣告开始。6海军中将拉塞尔克兰说,虽然“堪培拉”号的外形酷似航空母舰,但从整体上说它并不是航空母舰。7他说,军舰的甲板上停的将不是固定翼飞机,而是直升机。“甲板上一次能停六架直升机,机库还能存放六架,”他说。“它的性能超群,不过还要到真正用的时候才能显露出来。”8 “这是一艘两栖舰,在许多需要这种能力的不同地方能够为所有人员提供支援。”9克兰中将说,对海军来说,这是值得骄傲的一天。10 “从下面宽阔的甲板上,登陆艇能够将大量的作战车辆坦克、卡车到简单的四轮驱动车运到陆地上,”他说。11这艘战舰可搭载1000名配备全副武装的士兵。12澳大利亚前国防部长、现任澳大利亚驻欧盟和北约大使的布伦丹纳尔逊出席了下水仪式。13 “我感觉自己就像一位看着孩子出生的父亲那样骄傲,因为我们在2007年就决定购买两艘这样的直升机母舰,这些战舰改变了澳大利亚防御部队的能力,”他说。14 “在发生灾难救援、危机干预等情况时,它们将为澳大利亚发挥巨大的作用。这是澳大利亚国防能力的转变。”15两艘战舰的最后准备工作将在维多利亚的威廉斯敦完成,其40年的服役期预计从2014年开始。GONG DONG FENG宫东风老师英汉对照A计划第9篇、第10篇Failed Policies Lead to Food Shortages1World food prices are pushing higherthe United Nations overall food index shows a 28.3% annual increase, with cereals up 44.1%sparking concerns that a new food crisis may be emerging, just three years after the last one. Does this mean the world is running out of food? 2The quick answer is that the world does seem to be running low on cheap food. This supply shortage stems from the failure of governments and donors over nearly three decades to fund the basic agricultural research, investments in rural infrastructure, and training for smallholder farmers necessary to push out the productivity frontier.3Until recently, world food crises have been relatively rare eventsoccurring about three times a century, usually three to four decades apart. The last one to have truly global ramifications, occurred in 1972-74. Over those two years, real rice prices rose 206.3% and real wheat prices rose 118.2%, both setting historic highs.4The food crisis of 2007-08 was relatively mild by comparison. Prices for wheat, rice and maize rose 96.7% between 2006 and 2008, not approaching the spikes in the mid-1970s when corrected for inflation. Yet here we are just a few years later, talking about food prices again.5Much of the policy debate has returned to focusing on how to prevent the poor from starving. Politicians in many developing countries are highly sensitive to the level and rate of change in food prices. A food-price crisis focuses the minds of political leaders on a quick, short-term resolution. But this focus comes with a real cost to longer-run investments and policy initiatives, even if this cost is hardly noticed at the time. 6The only sustainable pathway out of rural and urban poverty is a structural transformation of the economy that is driven by higher agricultural productivity, the gradual shift of jobs from farms to factories, and the rise of a knowledge-based and skill-intensive service sector that is mostly urban-centered. 7Policy makers who forever live in the short run do not focus on long-run needs. Because of this tendency, agricultural research and rural infrastructure is getting neglected in most countries. The price of that neglect is there for all to see. Between the mid-1980s and the mid-1990s public agricultural research expenditures did not expand at all in Sub-Saharan Africa, whereas they grew by 5% per year in Asia. The differential impact on agricultural productivity per worker was dramaticincreases in Africa between 1990-2002 and 2001-03 of just 7%, whereas the increase in Asia was 36%. 8The tragedy is that the poor pay the price of their policy makers failures. Without higher productivity on their farms, off-farm job opportunities for their children, and with the constant threat of food shortages, the poor end up trapped in enduring poverty. Food crises hit the poor doubly hardthrough their short-run hunger and their long-run loss of opportunities and hope.失败的政策导致粮食短缺1世界粮价看涨，联合国数据显示，粮价每年上涨28.3%，谷类食品上涨44.1%，这使人们担心，一场新的粮食危机可能迫在眉睫，而上一场危机刚刚过去三年。这意味着世界正在耗尽粮食吗？2现成的答案是，全世界的廉价粮食确实在减少。造成这种供应短缺的原因是，各国政府在将近30年的时间里未能出资进行农业基础研究、对农村基础设施投资以及对小农进行提高生产所需的培训。3直到不久前，世界粮食危机相对而言非常罕见，100年里发生大约3次，间隔三四十年。上一次真正具有全球影响的粮食危机发生在19721974年。在这两年的时间里，实际大米价格上升206.3%，实际小麦价格上升118.2%，均创历史最高纪录。420072008年的粮食危机相比之下不算严重。小麦、大米和玉米的价格在2006年至2008年之间上涨96.7%，扣除通货膨胀因素后没有达到上世纪70年代中期的最高点。然而，仅仅几年之后，我们又在谈论粮食价格了。5这次政策辩论的焦点又回到如何防止穷人挨饿的主题。许多发展中国家的政治家对粮价的波动幅度和上涨速度十分敏感。粮食危机致使政界领导人专注于迅速、短期的解决办法。但是这种专注会给比较长期的投资和政策行动带来真正的代价，即使现在很难注意到这种代价。6农村和城市摆脱贫困的唯一可持续的途径是对经济进行结构性变革，而农业生产率的提高、就业机会从农场向工厂的逐渐转移以及主要集中在城市的知识型、技能密集型服务业的崛起会起到推动作用。7决策者们的任职时间不长，并不注