第二轮复习阅读教学案.doc

第二轮复习教学案阅读理解专项：推理判断题推理判断题既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。这类试题多以如下句式发问：1. What can you infer from this passage?2. From the text we know that .3. The story implies that .4. The paragraph following the passage will most probably be .5. What is the authors attitude towards ?6. We can guess the writer may be a .7. Which of the following statements does the passage support?8. Which of the following does the author agree with?这就要求考生首先在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文的内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。1解推断题应注意：(1)不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点：(2)推理的根据来自于上下文。2解推断题的方法：所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。中考英语试题中的推断题很多，包括的面也很广。其类型主要有以下几种：(1)对作者的意图和态度的推断、这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推理的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是名词、动词和形容词一类关键词。Example 1Have you ever had the strange feeling that you were being watched? You turned aroundand, sure enough, someone was looking right at you!Some parapsychologists (心理学家) say that humans have a natural ability to sense when someone is looking at them. To study whether such a sixth sense really exists, Robert Baker, a psychologist at the University of Kentucky, performed several experiments:In the first one, Baker sat behind unsuspecting (毫无戒心的) people in public places and stared at the backs of their heads for 5 to 15 minutes. Those people were eating, drinking, reading, studying, watching TV, or working at a computer. Baker made sure that they could not tell that he was sitting behind them during those periods. Later, when he questioned everyone, almost all of them said they had no idea that someone was staring at them.For the second experiment, Baker told the people that they would be stared at from time to time. They had to write down when they felt they were being stared at and when they werent. Baker found that the subjects were no better at telling when they were stared at than if they had just guessed.Bakers experiment concludes again that people do not have the ability to sense when they are being stared at. If you doubt the out-come of his two experiments, I suggest you repeat the experiments and see for yourselves.（）We can infer from the passage that A. its most probable that humans have six sensesB. the so-called sixth sense doesnt exist in human beingsC. the experiments done by Baker hardly explain anythingD. people should make conclusions by themselves Example 2“The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer(征服) himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful, ” says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses (冲动) and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral freedom.A single angry word has lost many friends. When Socrates found himself in any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. If you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. Many people have dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease. Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad. Keep cool, says George Herbert, for fierceness (激烈) makes error a fault.To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. Anger, says Pythagoras, brings with folly (蠢事) and ends with regret. You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him. Self-control is mans last greatest victory.If a man lacks self-control, he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience and no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. If he lacks self-control, the backbone (骨气) and nerve of character are also lacking.（）The authors main purpose in writing this article is to A. explain that self-control is the key to successB. teach people how to control everything in order to make a great successC. suggest ways for keeping self-controlD. advise people not to lose temper so as to make and keep more friends (2)具体到对某一事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。Example 3One day, a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant, I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂) and two spiders.What do you need these things for? the shop assistant was very surprised.Well, replied the man, Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.（）The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was .A. very cleanB. just cleaned by the landlordC. tidy and comfortableD. dirty and full of insects(3)事实推断。这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，首先要在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。Example 4Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People dont want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kinds of danger and seem to be bad news.（）According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV?A. You often play football with your friends after school.B. Your teacher has got a cold.C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasnt been caught.D. The bike in front of your house is lost.(4)指代推断。确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键是在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式应与被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象的第一个辅助标志。Example 5A bag is useful and the word bag is useful, too. It reminds us of an interesting phrase (短语), To let the cat out of the bag. In meaning it is the same as to tell the secret. And there is an old interesting story about it.Long ago, when farmers wanted to sell chickens at the market, most of the time they would just throw the chickens in cloth bags. But cats were cheaper than chickens, so many farmers would put cats into the cloth bags instead of chickens. One day, a woman asked a man for a chicken. The man gave her a cloth bag in which there was a cat. The a cloth bag in which there was a cat. The woman begged to see the chicken. When the man opened the cloth bag, a big black cat ran out, Not a chicken! The mans secret was out and everyone knew it.Now when someone lets out (泄漏) a secret, he lets the cat out of the bag. And that is the story where the interesting phrase comes from.（）In . everyone knew it at the end of the second paragraph, “it” refers to “ ”A. there was a chicken in the mans bagB. there was a cat in the cloth bagC. the cloth bagD. the mans cat(5)逻辑推断，即根据情景和逻辑进行判断。这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背影、人物的表情、动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。Example 6As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.（）In the text, put an end to means A. stopB. cutC. killD. fly当然从文章的结构上来分还可细分为推断词义、推断段意和推断中心大意。其原理和上面相似，在此不重复展开。 (6)数据推算此类要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：1、要抓信并正确理解与数据有关的信息信义。2、弄清众多信息中哪些属于有用信息，哪些属于干扰信息。3、不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。阅读专题 作者情感态度ASpots can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grass-land, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment. Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, cats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep is courses(球场) in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain. golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas. There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You dont need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you dont have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. if you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, its free.1. The author writes the passage to .A. show us the function of major sportsB. encourage us to go in for green sportsC. discuss the major influence of popular sportsD. introduce different types of environment-friendly sportsBAS kids, my friends and I spent a lot of time out in the woods. “The woods” was our part-time address, destination, purpose, and excuse. If I went to a friends house and found him not at home, his mother might say,” Oh, hes out in the woods.” with a tone(语气)of airy acceptance. Its similar to the tone people :.sometimes use nowadays to tell me that someone Im looking for is on the golf course or at the gym, or even” away from his desk. “ For us ten-year-olds, “being out in the woods” was just an excuse to do whatever we feel like for a while.We sometimes told ourselves that what we were doing in the woods was exploring (探索). Exploring was a more popular idea back then than it is today. History seemed to be mosth about explorers. Our explorations, though, seemed to have less system than the historic kind: something usually came up along the way. Say we stayed in the woods, throwing rocks, shooting frogs, picking blackberries, digging in what we were briefly persuaded was an Indian burial mound.Often we got “lost” and had to climb a tree to find out where we were. If you read a story in which someone does that successfully, be skeptical; the topmost branches are usually too skinny to hold weight, and we could never climb high enough to see anything except other trees. There were four or five trees that we visited regularlytall beeches, easy to climb and comfortable to sit in.It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. By then some of us had reached seventh grade and had begun the rough ride of adolescence (青春期). In March, the month when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring. We climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that we really were rather big to be up in a tree. Soon there would be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school cafeteria.1. How does the author feel about his childhood?A. Happy but short.B. Lonely but memorable.C. Boring and meaningless.D. Long and unforgettableCTopping the class academically was certainly an advantage. Studying was a breeze for Nigel. The reward was certainly incomparable to the little effort that he had to put in. It began when he was selected to help the teachers in the computer laboratories.The peak of his school career came not when he topped the school but when he was selected for the nationwide competition. Unlike everyone else, Nigel wanted to join the contest because he liked playing with the Lego sets and making something out of them. Nigel spent the next two months rebuilding his robot. It was during this time that Nigel found out about the prizes for the competition as well as another competitor, Alicia, from a neighboring school. His early intentions were forgotten. Getting the thousand-dollar prize was more important than anything else. Nigel decided to befriend Alicia. Unaware of his intentions, she told him all about the robot that she had been building for the competition. He even helped her to put the finishing touches to her robot. He was glad with the way things had progressed. His robot looked even better than Alicias and it was able to bounce a ball with its arm, something Alicia had failed to do.On the day of the competition, he saw Alicia. Everything dawned on her the minute she saw him among the competitors. She stared at him, puzzled at first, then angry and finally a look of helplessness came over her.The flashbulbs of the camera exploded in Nigels face. The robot had performed actions so unique and different that the specialists judgments were the same. Nigel was so pleased with himself did not even notice the girl standing a few feet away from him. Without her, he would never have won the competition.1. What is the authors attitude towards Nigels actions?A. tie is mildly critical.B. He is strongly critical.C. He is in favor of them.D. His attitude is not clear.DDid you know that womens brains are smaller than mens? The average womens brain weighs 10% less than mens. Since research has shown that the bigger the brain, the cleverer the animal, men must be more intelligent(聪明的) than women. Right? Wrong. Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests, despite the difference in brain size. Why? After years of study, researchers have concluded that its whats inside that matters, not just the size of the brain. The brain consists of” grey matter” and” white matter”. While men have more of the latter, the amount of” thinking” brain is almost exactly the same in both sexes.It has been suggested that smaller brain appears to work faster, perhaps because the two sides of the brain are better connected in women. This means that little girls tend to learn to speak earlier, and that women can understand sorts of information from different sources at the same time. When it comes to talking to the boss on the phone. cooking dinner and keeping an eye on the baby all at the same time, its women who come out on top every time.There are other important differences between two sexes. As white matter is the key to spatial (空间的) tasks, men know better where things are in relation to other things. “A great footballer always knows where he is in relation to the other players, and he knows where to go,” says one researcher. That may explain one of lifes great mysteries: why men refuse to ask for directions., and women of-ten need to!The differences begin when fetuses (胎儿) are about nine weeks old, which can be seen in the action of children as young as one. A boy would try to climb a barrier(障碍物) before him or push it down while a girl would attract help from others. These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that re-quire good spatial skills, while more women speech skills. It may all go back to our ancestors(祖先), among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt, according to one research.If all this disappoints you, it shouldnt. “ The brain changes throughout our lives according to what we do with it,” says a biologist.1. What is the writers attitude in writing this passage?A. Defensive. B. PersuasiveC. SupportiveD. Objective.EEveryone knows that the Frenchmen are romantic, the Italians are fashionable and the Germans are serious. Are these just stereo-types or is there really such a thing as national character? And if there is, can it affect how a nation succeed or fail?At least one group of people is certain that it can. A recent survey of the top 500 entrepreneurs(企业家) in the UK found that 70% felt that their efforts were not appreciated by the British public. Brit-ainis hostile(敌意的) to success, they said. It has a culture of jealousy. As a result, the survey said, entrepreneurs were “unloved, un-wanted and misunderstood.” Jealousy is som