第三讲 宾语的类型.doc

第三讲 宾语的类型1.宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。在英语中只有及物动词（vt.）才能接宾语,而且不接不行;不及物动词不能接宾语, 如非要接宾语,一定要用上介词.Dont drop rubbish about.I accepted your wise advice.Pass me the ink, please.Make hey while the sun shines.2.按接在不同的词性之后, 宾语可分为动词宾语和介词宾语( 名, 代, doing )介词后必须接宾语In our school about three-fourths of the students are from the north.英语中某些形容词如worth, able, sure, careful等也可以有宾语This book is worth readingOur factory is able to produce rayon, vinyl on and other chemical fibersAre you sure that he will come?She is always careful what she does.3.可用作宾语的词性有: 名, 代, 数 动词的.to do / 疑问词+to do / doing , the + adj , 带连词的句子( 宾语从句 )He takes a cold bath every morning.Miss Smith teaches the second grade.All of us like him.Give me four.He began to learn English a year ago.Every one of us likes to go the circus.He is used to working at night.They teach the blind to read Braille.We should help the handicapped.He did not know what to say.Gladys learnt how to play the piano when she was quite young.I think he is right.I wonder if youd like to go with us.4. 双宾语: 直接宾语+间接宾语. 有些及物动词, 如give, tell, show, pass, send, lend, bring, take, carry, teach, 可以有两个宾语. 一个指物, 叫直接宾语; 一个指人, 叫间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前.Lend me your pen-knife, please.Excuse me, please. Could you tell me the way to the post office?I showed them some pictures of Guilin.I gave him my address.Miss Smith teaches us English.Will you teach us how to swim?Can you tell me when the next train leaves?5. 如果直接宾语是人称代词, 就须在间接宾语之前加介词to, 并把这个带to 的间接宾语放在直接宾语之后.Do you see the hammer there? Hand it to me, please.Ive got three tickets here. Please give them to LiPass / send / take / carry /teach / show / toMake / buy / draw / paint / cook / get / for6.复合宾语: 宾语+ 宾语补足语英语有些及物动词,除了要有一个直接宾语之外,还要加上宾语补足语,句子的意义才算完整.宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语.复合宾语中的宾语和它的补足语在逻辑上有主语和谓语的关系.如:Call me John.I like to keep everything tidy.7.宾语补足语表示法在复合宾语中,能作宾语补足语的有名词和形容词,以及其他某些相当于名词和形容词的词语.现将复合宾语的各种形式举例说明如下:(1) 名词或代词宾格+名词We make it our dining room.We consider Mr. Collins a good friend.The government appointed him ambassador.They named the baby Jim.(2) 名词或代词宾格+形容词They painted the wall white.Be sure to get everything ready by seven.I always find her happy and gay.Lets keep our classroom clean.Well work hard to make our country strongI think it easy.She found it difficult to learn English well.(3) 名词或代词宾格+介词短语The next morning I found him at his machine again.People praised him as a national hero.Make yourself at home.(4) 名词或代词宾格+动词不定式We asked the teacher to explain the difficult sentences again.Lets go.The teacher helped him see his error.(5) 名词或代词宾格+分词I heard somebody knocking at the door.They felt the train moving.He had his ankle sprained while playing football.This tape-recorder does not work. I will get it repaired in town.8.同源宾语: 有些不及物动词, 如live, die, sleep, smile, dream, fight, laugh,后可有一个与他同出一源意义相同的宾语.这样的宾语叫做同源宾语.这种宾语之前常有一定语所修饰.如:Dong Cun rui died a martyrs death.His grandfather lived a happy life before death.Sleep a sound sleep / dream a happy dream.Exercise I 改写下列句子,去掉to 与for, 如果介词后面是名词,将其改为代词1. I sent a Christmas card to my parents.2. Hell get some paper for me.3. Get an apple for me, please.4. Would you find a seat for my mother, please?5. Show your painting to my brother, please.6. Im buying a ticket for Mary, too.7. Pass the butter to me, will you?8. My mother taught the piano to me when I was young.9. I owned a lot of money to his father.10. Theyve promised a rise in salary to all the staff.Exercise II. 挑出宾补, 并说明是什么词类或短语1. They painted the kitchen yellow.2. What make you think so?3. I watched my sister arrange some flowers.4. I had the TV fixed.5. They elected Wang monitor of the class.6. The children saw the policeman directing the traffic.7. We could hear somebody singing in the next room.8. I had my hair cut yesterday.9. They called the baby Cathy.10. I think the boy honest.11. I helped my mother clean the kitchen.12. We chose Li our representative.13. Do you want me to go? No, I like you to stay.14. Our teacher made difficult lessons easy to understand.15. The Wangs have kept us waiting half an hour already.宾语从句一 概念：在复合句中作宾语的句子叫宾语从句。二 位置：有四个。这是判断宾语从句与状语从句区别的关键。（1） 动词之后 He said that he had posted the letter. Mother thought that they should have a talk with Tom.（2） 双宾语结构中（3） be + adj. 之后。afraid, glad, certain, happy, pleased, satisfied, sure, surprised Im afraid that you are wrong. （4） 介词之后 Im pleased with what you have done.三 宾语从句的考点有五个：（1） 连词的选择 that 后接陈述句if/whether 后接一般疑问句其他所有已学的特殊疑问词（2） 宾语从句的时态 与主句的时态密切相关主句的时态是现在时，从句的时态根据时间状语确定；He wants to know whether the answer is correct.主句的时态是过去时，从句的时态必须是过去的某种时态。（真理除外）；过去的某种时态指一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时，过去将来时。She remembered that she had left her umbrella in the library.The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.（3） 宾语从句的语序 陈述句语序 (主+谓) Can you tell me which class you are in?He went out to see what was happening.Could you tell me what is in the box?He wanted to find out what was the matter.（4） 与状语从句的区别（时态）（5） 与定语从句的区别（连词）（6） 疑问词+不定式的转化注意点：1.若宾语从句后有补足语，应用it作形式宾语，而把从句后置，以使句子平衡。 We think it strange that Tom didnt go to school yesterday. (make, believe, find, feel, consider, think, see) 2. 在think, believe, suppose, expect, guess, imagine 等动词后否定转移到主句上。 I dont believe they have finished their work have they? 3. doubt 在陈述句中后接if / whether; 在疑问句、否定句中后接that. I doubt whether he will keep his words. I dont doubt that our team will win.练习（ ） 1. I rang up to tell my aunt that I _ for shanghai next Saturday. A. left B. shall leave C. should be left D. should leave ( ) 2. The teacher said _ all of us had passed the final examination. A. if B. that C. whether D. how( ) 3. She is pleased with _ you have given her and _ you have told me. A. that; that B. which ; which C. what; all what D. what ; all that D ( ) 4. Can you make sure _ the key to the classroom? A. where Jane had put B. in which Jane has put C. where has Jane put D. where Jane has put D( ) 5. He asked us, tom, Mike and me, _ we would come and join them in the game. A. that B. what C. whom D. whether D( ) 6. Can you tell me _ ? A. whose dictionary belongs to B. whom does the dictionary belong to C. whom the dictionary belongs to D. to whom does the dictionary belong C( ) 7. I dont know _ A. where he stays at B. which school he studies in C. that he will come to see me D. how long he has left here( ) 8. Did he tell you_. A. where he will give you the ticket B. when will he give you the ticket C. how he would give you the ticket D. where would he give you the ticket( ) 9. There were so many funny pets in the cage that Tony couldnt decide_. A. which one would he choose B. which one will he choose C. which one he will choose D. which one to choose( ) 10. I havent decided _ Ill go to see the film or not. A. whether B. weather C. if D. what( ) 11. Could you tell me _? A. whats her address B. whose are those books C. when the train left D. if he would go to Beijing( ) 12. I dont know _ A. whose daughter she is B. whose is her daughter C. whose daughter is she D. whos daughter she is( ) 13. We are not sure _ they will come and join us in time. A. that B. what C. which D. whether( ) 14. I wondered _. A. that she would come here B. why she always comes late C. whether she was a manager D. the earth goes round the sun宾语从句检测( ) 1. Ill tell her the good news, but I dont know _.A. when she comes back B. if she knows it C. where is she now D. if she comes back in an hours( )2. I dont know _. A. where he stays at B. which school he studies inC. that he will come to see me. D. how long he has left here( )3. Im not sure _ they know any English customs.A. that B. if C.