贵州省遵义市高考英语二轮短文阅读类训练（4）.doc

遵义市2014高考英语二轮短文阅读类训练（4） 及答案或解析 did you ever think someone was scary because they looked different or ate strange food? well, they might think the same about you! one of the things we all need to do is to celebrate variety. we shouldnt think badly of people from other cultures because they are different from our own. sometimes we judge people from other countries unfairly, because one person from that culture did something bad. well, has your class ever been punished just because a few kids were causing trouble? has your whole family ever been blamed for something your little sister did? it doesnt seem fair, does it? its just asunfair to blame a whole culture for what two or three people do. so here are some things that you can do to help yourself understand other cultures:1. find common ground! remember that even though some people look different on the outside, it doesnt change what they look on the inside. they still have the same feelings!2. dont blame everyone because of one! so lets-say someone from another culture is being mean and you decide to avoid everyone from that culture. well, think about it why are you blaming them for something they didnt have anything to do with? put yourself in their shoes. how would you feel? trying, to understand how a person thinks can be a very good way to understand why they are acting that way. remember, other people may not think the same way. 3. try to make friends with people from other cultures. you could ask them what they know about their culture, or what it was like in their country. try foods from that culture, or ask them if they know any words in that language. you might be surprised at how pure other cultures can be! you call have great discussions and have lots of fun doing new things.4. know that people always judge other people. if you know what you are thinking then you can help make things easier. pay attention to what you think about other people. it helps!1. what is mainly discussed in this passage? a. why there are differences between people. b. what to do to understand other cultures. c. how people feel when they meet people from other cultures. d. where differences between people lie. 答案：b 指导：主旨大意题。本文第一段总起提出面对文化差异人们所产生的错误认识的问题，然后就此提出建议。2. in the author s opinion, one mistake about how we treat cultural differences is that we_. a. cannot see and share what people have in common b. believe that other people may certainly thin badly of us c. dont want to learn anything valuable in other cultures d. try to find the reason for the differences 答案：b 指导：细节理解题。作者在第四段建议我们要find common ground可见他认为不能做到这一点是人们的错误所在。故选a3. the underlined word celebrate here most probably means_. a. to feel proud of b. to express ideas to c. to praise and enjoy d. to pay attention to 答案：c 指导：词义猜测题。celebrate通常的意义是“庆祝”，但这里应是“赞赏”之意。celebrate variety意即要把文化的差异看作是一件好事。4. by saying . then you can help make things easier. the author means you will_. a. make more friends b. know more about the world c. have more fun in life d. find fewer differences between you and others 答案：d 指导：猜测句意题。从作者的总体论述中不难看出，他的观点是“只要我们能换位思考，有文化包容心理，那么一切事情都好办”，换言之，“你就会发现不同文化间无所谓有什么差别了。”*结束 many children may be fond of animals, but few ever think of making the study of animals their career (职业). even fewer will be 1 by the whole world, 2 the title of united nations messenger (使者)of peace. 3 one woman has achieved all that. she has lived with chimpanzees(黑猩猩) in the african forest for more than 20 years and made great 4 . this woman is jane goodall. she was born in london, england, in 1934. goodalls lifelong 5 in animals began at an early age. by the age of 10 or 11, goodall 6 going to africa to live with animals. this was quite a strange dream in those days, as young 7 didnt think of having such wild actions. but she was 8 by her mother. she told her that if she really wanted somtehing, she should work hard, take advantage of 9 and never give up looking for a way. when a close friend invited goodall to kenya in 1957, she readily 10 within a few months of her arrival she met the famous anthropologist (人类学家)dr. louis leakey, who soon decided that goodall was the 11 person he was looking for to begin a 12 of wild chimpanzees on the shore of lake tanganyika in tanzania. in july 1960, goodall arrived at combe national park in tanzania. at the beginning, studying the chimpanzees was not 13 for her. the animals fled from her 14 , so it took months for her to get close to them. with a strong 15 ,she searched the forest every day, trying not to get too close to the chimpanzees too 16 . gradually the chimpanzees became used to her presence. she discovered many things of chimpanzees during her first years at combe national park. in october 1960, she observed a chimpanzee making and using 17 to fish for termites (蚂蚁). this discovery threw 18 on the popular idea at the time that man was the worlds only toolmaker. the longer goodalls research continues, the more it becomes obvious that chimpanzees are very 19 to humans. since the mid-1980s goodall has been lecturing around the world to raise peoples sense about environmental 20 lets live in the new age witlh hope, respect for all living things, understanding and love,she said. 1. a. recognized b. known c. praised d. admitted 答案: a 指导：recognize此处意为“承认(地位、影响等)”。此处指在动物研究方面得到世界公认的人屈指可数。known被知道”语意太轻，“赞扬”意义太片面，admitted被接受”不合题意。2. a. receiving b. giving c. enjoying d. having 答案: c 指导：enjoymg为现在分词做伴随(结果状语)，意为“享有(地位、声誉等)。此处根据题意不能用“收到”或“给”；have一词不能用于进行时。3. a. so b. actually c. but d. finally 答案: c 指导：转折词but与前文形成对比关系，强调jane goodall成就非凡。此处与前面构成的是转折关系，其他选项不合逻辑。4. a. discoveries b. decisions c. choices d. findings 答案: a 指导：makeadiscovery为固定短语“发现”。findings意思也是“发现”，但与动词make不搭配。5. a. study b. interest c. sense d. dream 答案: b 指导：从全文看，janegoodall一生都对动物“感兴趣”。sense意为“感觉”，其他也不合题意。6. a. was fond of b. tired of c. insisted d. dreamed of 答案: d 指导：dreamof doing sth“梦想干”，此处指jane goodall一直梦想着到非洲去。befond of “喜欢”；betired of“厌倦干”；insisted on坚持要”。7. a. boys b. girls c. men d. women 答案: b 指导：由常识以及后面的wildactions可知，此处指“女孩”，即女孩一般不会有这么狂野的行为。把握了人物的身份再结合常识可排除其他选项。8. a. encouraged b. prevented c. advised d. forced 答案: a 指导：由转折词but可知，jane goodall得到母亲的“鼓励”。由后面母亲鼓励她的活可排除其他选项。9. a. knowledge b. youth c. hope d. chances 答案: d 指导：母亲鼓励她应充分利用“机会”，不达目的，决不罢休。“知识”“青春”“希望”均不合题意。10. a. accepted b. refused c. hesitated d. considered 答案: a 指导：janegoodall愉快地“接受”了朋友的邀请。accept意为“接受”邀请、建议等。hesitate“犹豫”，consider“考虑”不合题意。11. a. only b. last c. special d. first 答案: c由全文内容判断，在非洲森林中研究黑猩猩是一项“特殊”的任务，因此需要jane goodall这样“特殊的”人选。此处不说明顺序问题，因此排除其他选项12. a. project b. study c. center d. career 答案: b 指导：通览全文可知，此处指对黑猩猩的“研究”。扣住文章的中心可排除其他选项。13. a. hard b. interestingc. easy d. convenient 答案: c 指导：由后文黑猩猩一开始恐惧地逃跑这一信息可知，这不是“容易的”工作。14. a. in surprise b. in a hurry c. as expected d. in fear 答案: d 指导：由语境判断，黑猩猩是“惊恐地”逃跑。结合原文叙述的中心：女科学家在非洲大森林中研究黑猩狸这一特殊的情况可排除其他干扰项。15. a. will b. body c. desire d. mind 答案: a 指导：jane goodall虽然遇到困难，们并未放弃，因此是“意志”坚强。此处不指强壮的“身体”，强烈的“欲望”等。16. a. far b. near c. soon d. much 答案: c 指导：有后面黑猩猩“逐渐”适应了janegoodall的出现判断，应用soon，因为soon意为“快”，指“时间”概念。其他不指“时间概念”。17. a. nets b. tools c. holes d. sticks 答案: b 指导：从下文的toolmaker判断，这是janegoodall的重大发现：黑猩猩也会制作并使用“工具”。但此处并不涉及具体使用什么样的工具，故不选d“棍棒”。18. a. doubt b. light c. questions d. beliefs 答案: a 指导：由于janegoodall的发现使人们对当时大家普 遍接受的观点产生了怀疑。throw doubt on意为“对产生疑问”。而throwlight on的意思是“使明朗”。19. a. close b. similar c. friendly d. helpful答案: b 指导：janegoodall的发现使人们认识到黑猩猩与人类很“相似”。close表示关系“亲密”或实力“接近”，不合逻辑。20. a. improvement b. protection c. pollution d. destruction 答案: b 指导：jane goodall想通过自己的演讲提高人们环境“保护”的意识。由常识可排除improvement“改进”；destruction破坏”不合题意。*结束athere is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine (内燃机) has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons (活塞) being driven. for people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computers impact on society. but that is not what is meant by computer literacy. for computer literacy is not a form of literacy (读写能力); it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. a case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. but this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. while programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin-making.learning how to use a computer is not that difficu1t, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more “user-friendly”. let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. what does the phrase “learning to use a computer” mean? it sounds like “learning to drive a car”, that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer.in fact, “learning to use a computer” is much more like “learning to play a game”, but learning the rules of one game may not he1p you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. there is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. one can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.41. to be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should . a. try to lay a solid foundation in computer science b. be aware of how the things that they use do what they do c. learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skills d. understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car.42. in the second paragraph “violin-making” is mentioned to show that . a. programming a computer is as interesting as making a violin b. our society needs experts in different fields c. violin-making requires as much skill as computer programming d. people who can use a computer dont necessarily have to know computer programming43. learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because . a. programs are becoming 1ess complicated b. programs are designed to be convenient to users c. programming is becoming easier and easier d. programs are becoming readily available to computer users44. according to the author, the phrase “learning to use a computer” in para. 3 means learning . a. a set of rules b. the fundamentals of computer science c. specific programs d. general principles of programming45. the authors purpose in writing this passage is . a. to stress the impact of the computer on society b. to explain the concept of computer literacy c. to illustrate the requirements for being competent citizens of tomorrow d. to emphasize that computer programming is an interesting and challenging job.参考答案 41-45 c d b cb *结束passage *the books in davids schoolbag felt like bricks as he ran down the street. what he wanted to do was to play basketball with eric, 21 his mother told him he would have to return his sisters books to the library first.he had 22 set foot in a library and he wasnt about to do so today. he would just 23 the books in the outside return box. but there was a 24 ; it was locked.he went into the building, only a few minutes 25 closing time. he put the books into the return box. and after a brief 26 in the toliet, he would be on his way to the playground to 27 eric.david stepped out of the toliet and stopped in 28 the library lights were off. the place was 29 . the doors had been shut. they 30 be opened from the inside, he was trapped(被困) in a library!he tried to 31 a telephone call, but was unable to 32 . whats more, the pay phones were on the outside of the building. 33 the sun began to set, he searched for a light and found it. 34 he could see.