英语中系动词用法.docx

【英语中系动词用法专项讲座】连系动词：用来说明主语状态的动词.（即主语是什么/怎么样）【系动词定义】系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 二、根据系动词的意义，我们把英语系动词分为四类： A五大感官系动词 B状态系动词 C.表象系动词 D.持续系动词 F变化系动词 G.终止系动词 H双谓语系动词 A五大感官系动词，描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来，都是半系动词。 【1】look“看起来像是”，后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。 The girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful. 这位女孩咬着嘴唇，看上去若有所思。He looked at me with scorn. （行为动词）他轻蔑地看了看我。 The pupils are all looking at the chart on the wall. （行为动词）学生都瞧着墙上的挂图He is looking at the picture.（他正在看这图片。）行为动词It looks beautiful.（它看上去很美丽。）连系动词It looked as if it was going to rain.It looks as if we are going to have snow. 看样子天要下雪了。 He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales. 他看来好像刚从我的童话故事中走出来似的。 【2】smell“闻起来”，后接adj.分词。 The flowers smell sweet. 这些花气味真香。 （系动词与行为动词用法区别）This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。The girl is smelling the flower. （为行为动词.表示正在闻）这姑娘正在闻那朵花。The camels can smell the water a mile off. 骆驼能嗅出一英里外有水。 My little brother likes to smell the apple before he eats it.（我的小弟弟喜欢在吃苹果前闻一闻。）行为动词Great! The flowers smell nice.（这些花闻起来多香啊！）连系动词【3】sound“听起来”，后接adj./分词。 The music sounds sweet. 这首诗听起来真悦耳。She seemed as if (though) she couldnt understand why Laura was there. 看来她好像不能理解为什么劳拉呆在那儿。 It sounds to me as though theres a tap running somewhere. 我好像听到某处水龙头流水的声音。 The letter “h” in hour is not sounded.（在hour这个词中字母h是不发音的。）行为动词【4】taste“尝起来”，后接adj./分词。 The apples taste very good. 这些苹果很好吃。 （系动词与行为动词用法区别）Please taste the soup.（请尝一口汤。）行为动词The soup tastes terrible.（这汤尝起来味道太差了。）连系动词The apple is tasted by me. 这苹果被我尝了一下。 The soup tastes good.（静态性质，无进行时） 这汤的味道不错。 The cook is tasting the soup.（动态动作，有进行时） 厨师在尝汤的味道。 【5】feel“摸起来，给感觉”；“觉得”，后接adj./分词The silk feels very soft. 丝绸摸起来很滑。 You will feel better after a nights sleep. 睡上一晚，你会觉得好些。 This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。I felt someone touch my arm.（我感到有人碰我的手臂。）行为动词I hope you are keeping well.（语气委婉） 我希望你保持健康。 Are you feeling any better?（语气亲切） 你感觉好了些吗？ （系动词与行为动词用法区别）Your hand feels cold.（无意识的静态性质。） 你的手摸起来冰凉。 The doctor is feeling her pulse. （有意识的动态动作） 医生正在给她拿脉。 She felt as if her head were splitting. 她仿佛觉得她的头要裂开了。B状态系动词：（用来表示主语状态，身份，特点以及特征） 【1】be，“是”，属完全系动词。 I am a student. 我是一个学生。 （is与表语一起说明主语的身份。）He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与表语一起说明主语的身份。）Mary is beautiful.玛利漂亮.（is与表语一起说明主语的主语特征。）They are doctors. 他们是医生.C.表象系动词:(用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look)【1】look 看起来半系动词.（既可用做系动词又可用作行为动词的动词成为半系动词）She looks so happy她看起来很开心.She looks young 她看起来很年轻He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 She looks to be twenty years old.It looked as if it was going to rain.It looks as if we are going to have snow. 看样子天要下雪了。 He looked at me with scorn. （行为动词）他轻蔑地看了看我。 The pupils are all looking at the chart on the wall. （行为动词）学生都瞧着墙上的挂图【2】seem,“似乎，好像”，完全系动词。 They seem quite happy. 他们似乎很快乐。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他好象来很伤心=It seems that he is very sad.他好象很伤心It seems as if it were spring already. 好像已是春天了。She seemed as if (though) she couldnt understand why Laura was there. 看来她好像不能理解为什么劳拉呆在那儿。 It sounds to me as though theres a tap running somewhere. 我好像听到某处水龙头流水的声音。 【3】appear,“显得，看起来好像”.He appeared tired and sleepy. 他显得疲倦而且好像要睡觉了。 It appeared(to be)a true story. 看来这是一个真实的故事。 It appeared that it is a true story.It appeared that he was talking to himself. 好像他在自言自语The river appears as if enveloped in smog. 这条河好像笼罩在烟雾之中。 Now it appears to me that he may play an important part in settling the problem. 在我看来，他可能在解决这个问题中起着重要作用。 D.持续系动词:(用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand,) 【1】keep, “保持的状态”，半系动词，后接adj或介词短语。 Youd better go to bed and keep warm. 你最好躺在床上去暖和一下。He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。【2】rest,“保持的状态”This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 【3】remain,“保持的状态”remain,“仍是”，半系动词。 I remained silent. 我仍然缄默。 【4】stay“保持（某种状态）”，半系动词，后接adj.、过去分词。 The window stayed open all the night. We should learn to stay calm in face of dangerE.动态/变化系动词：都属于半系动词，描述状态变化过程。 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有（become, get ,fall,grow, turn, , go, come, run.） 【1】become“变成，成为，变得起来（好坏均可的情况）”后可接形容词,名词，分词He became angry with me. 他对我生气了。 It became dark.天气晚了。 They became good friends. 他们成了好朋友。 He finally became a national hero.他最后成为一名民族英雄.I became interested in drawing. 我开始对素描感兴趣了。 He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了【2】get“变成，变得起来”，后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。 The days are getting longer and longer. 白天变得越来越长了。 The train didnt get going again. 火车还没重新启动。 Its nothing to get excited about. 没啥可因此而激动的。 My watch gets out of order. 我的表出毛病了。There are some bananas on the table. Each of you can get one.（桌上有些香蕉，你们每个人可以拿一个。）行为动词（系动词的时态与形容词的比较级连用。）某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become, grow, turn等的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用，表示渐进过程，其意思是“越来越He is growing taller and taller. 他长得越来越高了。 Our life is getting better and better. 我们的生活是越来越好了。 The things are getting worse. 情况是越来越糟了。 【3】fall“进入（某种状态），成为”，后常接以下形容词： （asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat.） The old men, unable to express himself, fell silent. 那位老人说不清自己的意思，就不做声了。 My father fell ill and died. 我的父亲生病死了。 特别备注下面两个句子不同He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。） He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。（fell是实义动词，单独作谓语）。 【4】grow“渐渐变得起来，长得” You will grow used to it. 你逐渐会习惯的。 Its growing warm. 天气渐渐暖和起来了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 Do you grow rice in your country?（你们的国家种水稻吗？）行为动词Its too late. Its growing dark.（太迟了，天渐渐变暗了。）连系动词【5】turn“转变成（新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质），变质（色）”。 Maple trees turn red in autumn. 枫叶在秋天变红了。 It was cloudy this morning, but fortunately it has turned fine. 今天早上是阴天，幸好已经转晴了。 He has turned writer. 他已成为一个作家。 （注意：此时writer之前无冠词a.） The trees turn/are green when spring comes.（春天来临，树叶变绿。）The earth turns around the sun.（地球绕着太阳转。）Please open your book and turn to page 30.【6】go，“变成（某种坏的状态）” （go之后常接的adj. 还有：bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey, naked等）The telephone has gone dead. 电话不通了。 The tire went flat. 轮胎瘪了。 The material has gone a funny color. 这料子的颜色变得奇怪了。 The thieves must not go unpunished. 决不能让这些盗贼逍遥法外。 The milk has gone sour.这牛奶变酸了.The woman went mad after her husband died.这个女人在她丈夫死后就变疯了.【7】come，“变成为（已知的状态），证实为”，后常接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作表语，表示状态或情况的变化。（ 后面常接的形容词还有：apart, dear（昂贵），natural, open, short, right（好了），unstuck（没有粘住），untied（松开）His wish to become a pilot has come true. 他想当飞行员的愿望实现了。 If you look into the matter, everything will come clear. 如果你调查一下这事，一切都会清楚。 My shoelaces have come undone. 我的鞋带松了。 【8】run,“变成”，后接adj. The well has run dry. 这井已经变干了。 The price ran high. 价格上升了。 【9】make，“达到某种状态后接形容词，如sure, certain, merry, bold, free We must make certain of facts. 我们一定要弄清事实。 The Children make free with the apples. 孩子们随便吃苹果。 G.终止系动词 :(表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实，变成之意) 【1】prove,“证明是”，半系动词，后接adj.nThe treatment proved to be successful. 这种疗法证明是成功的。 The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。【6】turn out,“结果是”，后接adj. His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果） H双谓语系动词 (此类系动词既有系动词的功能，后接表语，又保留原实义动词本身的含义.主要有rise, stand, lie, marry, blow,break,die, wear,continue)【1】rise,“升起”，后接adj. The run rose red. 太阳升起红艳艳。 【2】stand,“处于(某种状况或局面)”，后接adj. She stopped and stood quite still. 她停下来然后一丝不动地站着。 【3】lie,“处于状态”，后接adj. The book lay open on the table. 那书在桌子上打开着。 The snow lay thick on the ground. 雪厚厚地堆积在地上。 【4】marry,“结婚”，后接adj. He married young. 他结婚很早。【5】blow,“（风）吹，刮”，后接adj. The window blew open. 窗户吹开了。【6】break,“挣脱；解脱”，后接adj. The dog has broken loose. 豿挣脱锁链了。【6】blush,“脸红，涨红了脸”，后接adj. She blushed as red as a peony. 她的脸红得像一朵牡丹花。【7】die,“死;死亡”，后接adj. Lei Feng died young. 雷锋早逝。 【8】wear,“磨损;用旧”，后接adj. The material has worn thin. 这种布料已穿薄了【9】continue,“继续;持续”，后接adj. The weather continued calm. 天气仍然平静。 He continued silent. 他继续沉默不语。 【关于系动词要注意的事项】【第一点】瞬间动态系动词能否与时间段连用的问题 英语中某些表示瞬间意义的系动词不能与“for+时间段，since+时间点，how long until+时间,by + 时间，so far”等直接连用。例如： 不能说：He has become a teacher for 2 years. 应改为：He has been a teacher for 2 years. 不能说：He has turned writer since 3 years ago. 应改为：He has been a write since 3 years ago. 或It is two years since he turned writer. 不能说：He got angry until his child came back home. 应改为：He didnt get angry until his child came back home. 【第二点】系动词能接几种表语（从句） 【1】系动词除了接adj.n.prep.短语，某些adv.以外，还可接以下几种表语形式： 能接as if/as though表语从句的系动词有：look（看起来），smell（闻起来），sound（听起来），feel（觉得）；appear（显得），seem（似乎）。例如： It looks as if we are going to have snow. 看样子天要下雪了。 He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales. 他看来好像刚从我的童话故事中走出来似的。 She seemed as if (though) she couldnt understand why Laura was there. 看来她好像不能理解为什么劳拉呆在那儿。 It sounds to me as though theres a tap running somewhere. 我好像听到某处水龙头流水的声音。 She felt as if her head were splitting. 她仿佛觉得她的头要裂开了。 The river appeared as if enveloped in smog. 那条河好像笼罩在烟雾之中。 It seems as if it were spring alr