英语中的强调语气,整理版,7页.doc

一、英语语言中的强调语气的表达英语作为交际工具的一门语言，语气显得尤为重要，不同人的表达方式，体现出来的语言有所不同，这种语言表达出来的效果、目的也就不同。笔者在长期的教学实践中，从多方位、多角度对英语语言中的强调语气的表达进行了归纳总结，也许对同行们有所帮助。一、强调句型：It is /was+强调部分+that1、陈述句：注明：这种句式只能用来强调主语、宾语和状语。若被强调的部分是“人”的话，that完全可以用who代替。例如：He saw Li Ping in the school last week.我们可以对这个句子中的主语He, 宾语Li Ping, 状语in the school,last week分别做以强调。1)It was he that/who saw Li Ping in the school last week.2) It was Li Ping that/who he saw in the school last week.3) It was in the school that he saw Li Ping last week.4) It was last week that he saw Li Ping in the school.2、一般疑问句：句式：Is/Was it + 强调部分 + that 例如：Do you often study English in the dormitory?1) Is it you that/who often study English in the dormitory?2) Is it English that you often study in the dormitory?3) Is it in the dormitory that you often study English?3、特殊疑问句：句式WH is /was it that例如1：When did you go to Beijing last year?强调句是：When was it that you went to Beijing last year?例如2:Who was it that brought a call from remote antiquity ?二、always与现在进行时表示“总是”的意思，通常强调活动特征，表达说话人的态度具有感情色彩。句式：be always doing例如1. He is always making trouble in class.他总是上课捣乱。（表示讨厌）2. My brother is always helping others.我的弟弟总是帮助别人。（表示赞扬）三、on earth, under the sun, in the world用在特殊疑问句词后面表示（究竟，到底）的意思例如：1. What on earth are you doing there? 你究竟在那儿做什么？2. Where in the world did you go? 你到底哪里去了？ 3. When under the sun did you go? 你到底什么时候去？四、if any(若有的话), if ever（曾经）, ifat all（根本）用在省略的从句加强主句语气例如：1. Correct the errors in his composition, if any.如果他的作文里有错误，请改正。 2. He has been there once, if ever.如果说他去过那里的话，也只是一次。3. Do it well if you do it at all. 要做就要做得好。五、all(完全地，十分地)例如：1. 1）I am all for adopting the new technique.我十分赞成采用这项新技术。2）I am all for missing my mother.我十分想念我的母亲。2. 接the和比较级表示“更加”。例如：Well I know that theres danger ahead but I am all the more set on driving forward.明知征途有艰险，越是艰险越向前六、if only(只要，要是就好了)例如：1. If only it clears up well go.只要天一放晴我们就去。2. If only you had worked with greater care!你要是更仔细些该多好啊！七、The +比较级， the+比较级（越越）例如：1.The higher you stand, the farther you can see.站得高看得远。2.The more you eat, the fatter you become.吃得越多就会越胖 3.The more you practise, the easier you will feel it.你练习得越多就会觉得越容易。八、much, even, by far, a great deal, 等用在比较级前，表示加强语气例如: 1. He now feels much better.他现在感觉好多了。2. This applies even more to physics.这一点对物理学甚至更适用。3. He is by far taller among us.他在我们当中高多了。九、even if/even though用在让步从句中表示加强语气例如: 1.Even if we achieve great success in our work we should not be conceited.即使我们在工作中取得了巨大成绩，也不应该自满。2.Even though we have many difficulties we still finish the task.即使我们有很多困难，我们也要完成这项任务。十、notat all (根本不，一点儿也不), not a little(很，十分) 例如：1.He does not eat meat at all.他根本就不吃肉。2.Tom is a little ashamed of his overweight.汤姆对自己过重的体重非常害羞 3.They gave us not a little trouble last year.他们给我们添了许多的麻烦。十一、the last, the very, the only, the same后接名词表示加强语气例如: 1.He is the very person you are looking for.他就是你寻找的人。 2.This is the same pen as I lost last week.这与我上周丢的那支钢笔是一模一样。3.He is the last man I want to see.他是我最不想见的人。十二、not to speak of,not to mention,to say nothing of表示“更不用说”， “更何况”例如:1.The teacher has much experience in teaching to say nothing of knowledge.这个老师教学经验丰富，更何况知识了。2.He doesnt know English not to speak of reading articles written in English.他不懂英语更不用说用英语写文章了。十三、do/does/did用在动词之前表示“的确，确实”的意思例如:1.She does sing well.她确实唱得好。2.I do hope that you can go to college in the future.我真诚得希望你将来能上大学。3.The boy did tell a lie to his father to avoid punishment.这个小孩为了避免他爸爸的惩罚确实说了谎话。 4.The old man does take exercises every day to keep fit.这个老人为了身体健康每天都锻炼。十四、indeed（确实，实在）, really(真正地，确实地)，truly(真正地,确实地)用于加强语气例如:1.The garden is indeed beautiful.这个花园实在漂亮。2.Afriend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。3.He is a truly brave man.他真是个勇敢的人。4.He is a truly good man.他是个地地道道的好人。5.It was really not his fault but mine.这真的不是他的错而是我的错。十五、感叹词在句中表达加强语气例如:1.Oh, what a wonder!（表示惊讶，意外兴奋）嗬，真是奇迹！ 2.Hey, I have found you!（表示喜悦、高兴）嗨，我可算找到你了！3.Ah, I have a pain in the leg.（表示惊喜、恐惧、高兴）哎呀，我腿疼。 4.His mother, alas, isnt out of danger yet!（表示痛苦焦急）唉，他妈妈还没有脱离危险期。5.Well, what shall we do next?（表示惊异犹豫）好了，下步怎么办？综上所述，都在英语语言中强调了语气的表达，在句中都有不同的效果。但总结归纳的还很不完善，还有待于进一步总结，使之完美，充实英语语言运用之中。二、（强调）连接词表示强调的连接词：still, Indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially. Obviously, clearly.表示比较的连接词：like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.表示对比的连接词：by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.表示列举的连接词：for example, for instance, such as, take for example. Except (for), to illustrate.表示时间的连接词：later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while.表示顺序的连接词：first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.表示可能的连接词：presumably, probably, perhaps.用于解释的连接词in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms.表示递进的连接词：What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again.表示让步的连接词：although, after all, in spite of, despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen.表示转折的连接词：however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on theother hand, unfortunately. Whereas表示原因的连接词：for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to.表示结果的连接词：as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence.用于总结的连接词：on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short.其他类型连接词：Mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case,图表作文常用句型：As is shown in the graph 如图所示The graph shows that 图表显示As can be seen from the table, 从表格中可以看出From the chart, we know that 从这张表中,我们可知All these data clearly prove the fact that所有这些数据明显证明这一事实,即The increase of . In the city has reached to 20%.在这个城市的增长已达到20%.In 1985, the number remained the same.1985年,这个数字保持不变.There was a gradual decline in 1989.1989年,出现了逐渐下降的情况.三、英语强调表达方式总结强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式，下面简单归纳它的几种结构： 1用助动词“do（doesdid）动词原形”来表示强调：(只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中) He does know the place well他的确很熟悉这个地方。 He did come here yesterday. Do write to me when you get there你到那儿后务必给我来信。 2用形容词very，only，single，such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气： Thats the very textbook we used last term这正是我们上学期用过的教材。You are the only person here who can speak ChineseNot a single person has been in the shop this morning今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。 How dare you buy such expensive jewels？你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢？ 3用ever，never，very，just等副词和badly，highly，really等带有ly的副词来进行强调：Why ever did you do so？你究竟为什么要这么做？He never said a word the whole day一整天，他一句话也没说。Youve got to be very，very careful你一定得非常、非常小心。 This is just what I wanted这正是我所要的。 He was badly wounded他伤得很严重。 I really dont know what to do next我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。 4用in the world，on earth，at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句）：Where in the world could he be？他到底会在哪儿？ What on earth is it？它究竟是什么？ Do you know at all？你到底知不知道？ 5用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感： How interesting a story it is！这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！ Oh，what a lie！啊，真是弥天大谎！ 6用重复来表示强调： Why！why！The cage is empty！啊！啊！箱子是空的。 They walked for miles and miles他们走了好多英里。 7用倒装句（也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首）来加强语气： On the table were some flowers桌上摆着一些花。（强调地点） Many a time have I climbed that hill我多次翻过那座山。 Only in this way，can we solve this problem只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。 8用If来表示强调： 1）If从句I dont know whowhat，etcdoesishas，etc；主语部分也可以用nobody doesishas，etc或everybody doesishas，et c来代替（这里的if从句往往是正话反说，反话正说）： If he cant do it，I dont know who can要是他做不了这件事，我不知道还有谁能做。（强调只有他能做） If Jim is a coward，everybody is要是吉姆是个胆小鬼，那么人人都是胆小鬼。（强调吉姆不是胆小鬼） 2）if从句it be主句（此用法可看成是第8中强调句型的变形，即把所要强调的内容放在it be的后面，把其它内容放在由if引导的从句中）： If anyone knew the truth，it was Tom如果说谁了解事实的真相，那便是汤姆。 If there is one thing he loves，it is money如果说世界上还有他爱的东西，那便是金钱。 9A is A这一结构的强调句型，这类句子的语势是很强的，例如： You are quite right. Teacher is teacher. 你说得完全对，老师毕竟是老师。 Business is business. One cant too particular. 公事公办，谁也不能特殊。 当名词前带有修饰语时，表语常含有真正的的意思，例如： Spoken English is English. 英语口语才是真正的英语。 A friend in need is a friend indeed.(JBII,P5) 患难朋友才是真朋友。 这种句型中的A，如果是who, what, which,则具有分辨出的意思，常作动词tell, know等动词的宾语，例 如：The two brothers are so nearly alike that I cant tell who is who. 这两兄弟长得太相象了，我简直区分不了。Hes very clear and knows whats what. 他很聪明，懂得是非曲直。10用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气： Its because of hard workten years of hard work那是因为艰苦的工作-十年艰苦的工作！ He began the work in late May他在五月底开始的这项工作。（强调时间） (江苏 陈力铭 崔艳)11.用强调句型(1)基本结构: It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。It is (was) not until被强调部分+that+句子其他部分(2)一般疑问句：Is(Was) it 被强调部分+that（who）+句子其他部分(3)特殊疑问句：疑问词+ is（was）it +that+句子其他部分（疑问词视被强调部分而定）例如：Jim told us the news.(非强调句)It was Jim that told us the news.(强调句型的陈述句形式)Was it Jim that told us the news.(强调句型的一般疑问句形式)Who was it that told us the news.(强调句型的特殊疑问句形式)(1)在该强调结构中，it is (was)that (who)为结构词，它通常可以省略，而不影响句子的意思。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语、宾语和状语,不能强调表语。原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.强调时间状语： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)强调地点状语： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening. 在强调状语时，有几个方面是必须注意的： 1.条件，让步状语从句不能强调，例如： If it rains, we wont go out. 如果下雨，我们就不出去。 Well try to finish the work in time though we are short of man power. 不能强调为： It is if it rains that we wont go out. It is though we are short of manpower that well try to finish the work in time. 2.It-type强调句可强调because引导的原因状语从句，但不可强调as, since引导的原因状语从句，例如： I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢，我才干。 可强调为： It is because I like it that I do it. 下面这个句子则不可以强调： Since no one is against it, well adopt the proposal. 3.It-type强调句可强调so that引起的目的状语从句，但不能强调so that引起的结果状语从句，例如： The six blind men asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a look. 六个盲人要求赶象人让这头巨兽停下来，以便他们能看一看。 可强调为： It was so that they could have a look that the six blind men asked the driver to stop the beast. 下面这个句子则不可以强调： He didnt plan his time well, so that he didnt finish the work in time. When is it that he will come?Who was _ that stole the bike？Ait Bthat Che Dthis此题应选A。这是强调句的特殊疑问句形式，做这类题考生最容易出错的在于不能识别这是强调句。比较：aIt was Mary that said that(对Mary提问) Who was it that said that？b It was in 1949 that he joined the Party(对 in 1949提问) When was it that he joined the Party？请做以下各题：1Who was it _ put so many large stones on the road？ Athis Bthat Che Dshe2What was it _ he lost on the bus the day before yesterday？ Athis Bthat Cwhat Dwhen3When was _ that the general manager left for Japan？ Ahe Bit Cthat Dsince4Why was _ that the old woman was sent to prison？ Ahe Bit Cthat Dbecause5What a silly mistake it is _ youve made! Ait Bthis Cthat Dwhich 在中学英语课本中还多次出现Whatbe结构的句型（简称wh-type强调句），它同样具有很浓的强调意 味，例如： What we need is more time.(SBI,P126) 我们需要更多的时间。 我们可以用对待It-type强调句的方法，把Whatbe作为一个框架而划去，所剩的也是一个完整的句子 ：We need more time. 不同的是，what和be在句子中都可以担任成份。上面这个句子可以看成是What引导一个主语从句，而be则 是系动词，后接表语。 Wh-type强调句可用来强调主语、宾语、表语，例如： But what surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.(SBII,P166) But what he was really interested in was beautiful paintings.（高中起始本SB, P170） What I feel is hungry. wh-type强调句还可以通过使用助动词do来强调句中的谓语动词或作宾语补足语的非谓语动词，例如： What I did was (to) turn off the tap. What I want you to do is (to) clean the room. 我要你做的就是打扫房间。 注意，这一句型中be后面作表语的不定式可以省略to，如果所强调的动词是进行体，那么be之后用-ing形 式和它相配，例如： What Im doing is teaching him a lesson. Wh-type强调句中的what从句，有时也作表语，例如： This was what they had posted on the bulletin board then! This was what the black smith was reading! 原来贴在布告牌上的就是这么回事！铁匠在看的原来就是这个！ Wh-type强调句的wh-从句，有时可能是以who, where或when引起的，它们通常只用作表语，例如： The headmaster was who I meant. 我指的就是校长。 Here is where the accident took place. 这儿就是事故发生的地方。 (On) Saturday is when the housewives are busiest. 星期六是家庭主妇们最忙的日子。 典型例题1） It was last night _ I see the comet. A.the timeB.when C.thatD.which2）It is ten years _ Miss Green returned to Canada. A. thatB. when C. since D. as 3）.-Where was it _the road accident happened yesterday? -In front of the market. A. when B. that C. which D. how4)_ that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point. A) During the 1960s B) It was in the 1960s C) That it was in the 1960s D) It was the 1960s 5) It was the whole morning that the old man spent _ the old clock at home. A. repaired B. repairing C. to repair D. in repair6) It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. 97 年全国高考试题 A. thatB. untilC. beforeD. when7) Where did you meet Alice？ It was in the cinema _ we used to go. A.that B.where C.which D.how 错误判断强调句的两种情况1. 将非强调句判为强调句。前面讲到强调时间状语时，通常要用it isthat，而不用it is when，所以有的同学对于下题选择了A。如：It was ten oclock _ he came back. A. that B. when C. so D. which其实此题最佳答案为B，这不是一个强调句型。When引导的是一个时间状语从句，全句意为“当他回来时，时间是10点钟”。比较以下强调