动词第三人称单数.doc

1、动词第三人称单数.一般现在时的肯定句中，主语为第三人称单数的动词变化主要体现在词尾的变化上，其规律大体有三点： (1) 一般情况下由动词后加-s构成：work / works，read / reads等。 (2) 以s, x, z, sh, ch 以及字母o结构的动词，后加-es：guess / guesses, mix / mixes, go / goes, buzz / buzzes, finish / finishes, catch / catches等。 (3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i 再加-es：fly / flies, study / studies等。 【注】 有个别的变化不规则，如have / has, be / is等。 词尾-s和-es 读音规则是：在s, x, z, sh, ch 后的es读作iz，其余的读作z。除上述规律外，还应注意下面三点：（1）. 动词 have ，遇到主语是第三人称单数时，要用 has； 动词 be 的第三人称单数形式是is。（2）. 含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子变否定句时，要用 doesnt + 动词原形，如：He goes to school at six in the morning. (变否定句) He doesnt go to school at six in the morning.（3）. 对含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子提问时，要用助动词 does，如：She goes home at five every day. (对划线部分提问) When / What time does she go home every day?2. 过去式和过去分词的构成方法 分规则变化和不规则变化两种。不规则变化需逐个记忆，规则变化遵循以下原则： (1) 一般情况下，在动词后加ed构成：work / worked, stay / stayed, shout / shouted等。 (2) 在以-e结尾动词后只加d：close / closed, like / liked, live / lived, smile / smiled等。 (3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i 再加-ed：study / studied, carry / carried等。 (4) 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed：stop / stopped, admit / admitted, refer / referred, prefer / preferred等。 【注】(1) 以字母l结尾的动词，若末尾一个音节为重读音节，则必须双写l再加-ed，如control / controlled，但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节，则可双写l(英国英语)或不双写l(美国英语)，如travel / travel(l)ed。 (2) 动词picnic(野餐)的过去式和过去分词是picnicked，不是picniced。 (3) 词尾-ed 读音规则是：在清辅音后读作t，元音和浊辅音后读作d，在辅音t或d后读作id。 3. 现在分词的构成方法 (1) 一般情况下，在动词后加-ing构成：work / working, sleep / sleeping, wait / waiting等。 (2) 在不发音的-e结尾动词去掉e后再加-ing：smile / smiling, move / moving 等。 (3) 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing：sit / sitting, plan / planning, refer / referring, occur / occurring等。 (4) 以字母ie结尾的动词，通常将ie改为y，再加ing：die / dying, lie / lying, tie / tying等。 【注】(1) 以字母l结尾动词，若末尾一个音节为重读音节，则必须双写l再加ing，如control / controlling，但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节，则可双写l(英国英语)或不双写l(美国英语)，如travel / travel(l)ing。 (2) 名词变复数、形容词和副词变比较级和最高级、动词变过去式和过去分词等都有“改y规则”，但动词的现在分词没有“改y规则”。 (3) 动词picnic(野餐)的现在分词为picnicking，不是picnicing一、时态复习:1一般现在时 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc. (标志) 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 否定形式：am/is/arenot; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时还原行为动词。一般现在时的用法;1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every, sometimes, at, on Sunday。例如：I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。3） 表示格言或警句。例如：Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：I dont want so much. 我不要那么多。Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。练习一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. What time_ his father_(do) the work?13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday. 21 We often _ (play) in the playground. 22. He _ (get) up at six oclock. 23. _ you _ (brush) your teeth every morning? 24. What _(do) he usually _ (do) after school? 25. Danny _ (study) English, Chinese, math, science and art at school. 26. Mike sometimes _ (go) to the park with his sister. 27. At eight at night, she _ (watch) TV with her parents. 28. _ Mike _ (read) English every day? 29. How many lessons _ your classmate _ (have) on Monday? 30.What time _ his mother _ (do) the housework?二、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _一、1 has 2 are 3 doesnt watch 4 doesnt go 5 Do like 6 do do 7 Do read 8 teaches 9 take 10 is 11 likes 12 does, do 13 look/is look